犁头草Viola inconspicua Bl.
犁头草Viola inconspicua Bl.
种拉丁名：Viola inconspicua Bl.
属中文名：堇菜属
属拉丁名：Viola L.
科中文名：堇菜科
科拉丁名：violaceae
最低海拔：1200
最高海拔：1900
生 境：山坡林下或地边
药用部位：全草（紫花地丁）
药用功能：能清热解毒，散阏消肿
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola japonica Langsdorff ex Candolle
犁头草 li tou cao
Viola crassicalcarata Ching J. Wang; V. concordifolia C. J. Wang var. hirtipedicellata Ching J. Wang; V. japonica var. stenopetala Franchet ex H. Boissieu.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, rosette-forming. Rhizome short, 5-7 mm, robust, ca. 5 mm in diam., densely noded; roots numerous, whitish, elongated, robust. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules narrowly ovate, 2-3 cm × 3-4 mm, ca. 2/3 adnate to petioles, margin remotely ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole usually subequaling blade at anthesis, conspicuously exceeding blade at fruiting, very narrowly winged in uppermost part, usually glabrous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, 3-8 × 3-5.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or rarely glabrescent, base deeply or broadly cordate, margin densely crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers light purplish or whitish violet; pedicels not exceeding leaves, puberulous or glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-7 × ca. 2 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, apex truncate or 2-denticulate. Upper petals oblong-obovate, 1.3-1.5 cm × 5-6 mm, lateral ones oblong-obovate, 1.1-1.3 cm × 5-6 mm, sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one narrowly obovate, 1.7-2 cm (spur included), apex emarginate; spur cylindric, 6-8 mm, 2.5-3.4 mm in diam.; spur of anterior 2 stamens long, 2-3 mm, slender. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top, conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Mar and Oct, fr. May-Oct.
Sunny or half shaded places in lowlands; below 1100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
【拼音名】 Lí Tóu Cǎo
【别名】 铧头草、犁铧尖、犁嘴草、箭头草、如意草、玉如意、耳钩草
【来源】 菫菜科菫菜属植物犁头草Viola japonica Langsd.或长萼堇菜V. inconspicua Blume，以全草入药。夏秋开花时采集全草，晒干。
【性味】 苦、微辛，寒。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，凉血消肿。用于急性结膜炎，咽喉炎，急性黄疸型肝炎，乳腺炎，痈疖肿毒，化脓性骨髓炎，毒蛇咬伤。
【用法用量】 干品0.5～1两（鲜品1～2两）；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【注意】 服药后不可喝热水、吃热食。
【备注】 （1）治毒蛇咬伤；鲜犁头草（如无，可用鲜紫花地丁）、鲜连钱草、鲜野菊叶各一大把，用冷开水洗净，捣烂绞取汁约150～200毫升，一次内服；余渣加少量冷开水，使它湿润，敷在伤处。如症重、体弱，可隔八小时再照上述剂量内服一次。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
科名：堇菜科 violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola L.
种拉丁名：Viola inconspicua Bl.
属中文名：堇菜属
属拉丁名：Viola L.
科中文名：堇菜科
科拉丁名：violaceae
最低海拔：1200
最高海拔：1900
生 境：山坡林下或地边
药用部位：全草（紫花地丁）
药用功能：能清热解毒，散阏消肿
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola japonica Langsdorff ex Candolle
犁头草 li tou cao
Viola crassicalcarata Ching J. Wang; V. concordifolia C. J. Wang var. hirtipedicellata Ching J. Wang; V. japonica var. stenopetala Franchet ex H. Boissieu.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, rosette-forming. Rhizome short, 5-7 mm, robust, ca. 5 mm in diam., densely noded; roots numerous, whitish, elongated, robust. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules narrowly ovate, 2-3 cm × 3-4 mm, ca. 2/3 adnate to petioles, margin remotely ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole usually subequaling blade at anthesis, conspicuously exceeding blade at fruiting, very narrowly winged in uppermost part, usually glabrous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, 3-8 × 3-5.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or rarely glabrescent, base deeply or broadly cordate, margin densely crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers light purplish or whitish violet; pedicels not exceeding leaves, puberulous or glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-7 × ca. 2 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, apex truncate or 2-denticulate. Upper petals oblong-obovate, 1.3-1.5 cm × 5-6 mm, lateral ones oblong-obovate, 1.1-1.3 cm × 5-6 mm, sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one narrowly obovate, 1.7-2 cm (spur included), apex emarginate; spur cylindric, 6-8 mm, 2.5-3.4 mm in diam.; spur of anterior 2 stamens long, 2-3 mm, slender. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top, conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Mar and Oct, fr. May-Oct.
Sunny or half shaded places in lowlands; below 1100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
《全国中草药汇编》:犁头草
【拼音名】 Lí Tóu Cǎo
【别名】 铧头草、犁铧尖、犁嘴草、箭头草、如意草、玉如意、耳钩草
【来源】 菫菜科菫菜属植物犁头草Viola japonica Langsd.或长萼堇菜V. inconspicua Blume，以全草入药。夏秋开花时采集全草，晒干。
【性味】 苦、微辛，寒。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，凉血消肿。用于急性结膜炎，咽喉炎，急性黄疸型肝炎，乳腺炎，痈疖肿毒，化脓性骨髓炎，毒蛇咬伤。
【用法用量】 干品0.5～1两（鲜品1～2两）；外用适量，鲜品捣烂敷患处。
【注意】 服药后不可喝热水、吃热食。
【备注】 （1）治毒蛇咬伤；鲜犁头草（如无，可用鲜紫花地丁）、鲜连钱草、鲜野菊叶各一大把，用冷开水洗净，捣烂绞取汁约150～200毫升，一次内服；余渣加少量冷开水，使它湿润，敷在伤处。如症重、体弱，可隔八小时再照上述剂量内服一次。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》