砖子苗Mariscus umbellatus Vahl
砖子苗Mariscus umbellatus Vahl
种拉丁名：Mariscus umbellatus Vahl
科中文名：莎草科
科拉丁名：Cyperaceae
属中文名：砖子苗属
属拉丁名：Mariscus
国内分布：产于陕西、湖北、湖南、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南岛、广西、贵州、云南、四川；生长于山坡阳处、路旁草地、溪边以有松林下，海拔200-3200米。
国外分布：也分布于非洲、马尔加什、印度及其阿隆姆、尼泊尔、锡金、马来亚、印度尼西亚、缅甸、越南、菲律宾、美国夏威夷、朝鲜、日本及其琉球群岛，澳洲和热带美洲以及喜马拉雅山区。
海 拔：200-3200
命名来源：[Enum II: 376. 1806]
【药 名】：砖子苗
【拼 音】：ZHUANZIMIAO
【来 源】：双子叶植物药为莎草科植物密穗砖子苗的全草。
【功 效】：止咳化痰，宣肺解表。
【主 治】：治风寒感冒，咳嗽痰多。
【性味归经】：性平，味苦辛。入肺经。
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，1～3钱。
【别 名】：玛玛机机(藏名)
【动植物资源分布】：分布台湾、广东、广西、云南、西藏等地。
【药材的采收与储藏】：7～9月采收。
【拉丁名】：Mariscus compactus (Retz.)Druce
【考 证】：出自《西藏常用中草药》。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus cyperoides (Linnaeus) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 333. 1898.
砖子苗 zhuan zi miao
Scirpus cyperoides Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. Alt. 181. 1771; Cyperus cyperoides var. microstachys Kükenthal; C. cyperoides var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Kükenthal; C. subumbellatus Kükenthal; C. umbellatus Bentham, nom. illeg. superfl.; Kyllinga sumatrensis Retzius; K. umbellata Rottb?ll, nom. illeg. superfl.; Mariscus cyperoides (Linnaeus) Urban (1900), not (Roxburgh) A. Dietrich (1832); M. philippensis Steudel; M. sieberianus Nees ex C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. evolutior C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. khasianus C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. subcompositus C. B. Clarke; M. sumatrensis (Retzius) J. Raynal; M. sumatrensis var. evolutior (C. B. Clarke) C. Y. Wu ex Karthikeyan; M. sumatrensis var. khasianus (C. B. Clarke) C. Y. Wu ex Karthikeyan; M. sumatrensis var. microstachys (Kükenthal) L. K. Dai; M. sumatrensis var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Karthikeyan; M. umbellatus Vahl, nom. illeg. superfl.; M. umbellatus var. evolutior (C. B. Clarke) E. G. Camus; M. umbellatus var. microstachys (Kükenthal) Tang & F. T. Wang; M. umbellatus var. sieberianus (Nees ex C. B. Clarke) E. G. Camus; M. umbellatus var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Tang & F. T. Wang.
Perennials. Rhizomes short, hardened. Culms laxly tufted, 10-60 cm tall, acutely triquetrous, smooth, base swollen and with more leaves. Leaves shorter than to equaling culm; sheath brown to reddish brown; leaf blade 3-6(-8) mm wide, folded at basal part but apically gradually flattened, margin not scabrous. Involucral bracts 5-8, obliquely spreading, leaflike, longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or subcompound anthela; rays several, 6-12 or sometimes more, short or 6-14 cm, unequal in length, each with 1-5 spikes. Spikes cylindric, 1-2.5[-5] cm × 5-10 mm or sometimes narrower, with many dense spikelets. Spikelets narrowly linear-ovoid, 3-7 × ca. 0.7 mm or sometimes shorter, spreading to reflexed, each (1 or)2- or 3-flowered; rachilla wings white, lanceolate, broad, hyaline. Glumes yellow, yellowish green, or greenish, oblong, ca. 3 mm, veins several with middle 3 green and conspicuous, margin involute, apex obtuse and not mucronate. Stamens 3; anthers broadly linear, 0.8-1 mm; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style short; stigmas 3, slender. Nutlet straw-colored at first but dark brown when mature, narrowly oblong, 1.8-2.2 × ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 2/3 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, minutely punctate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Dec. 2n = 82, 88, 134, 220, 224.
Sunny places on mountain slopes, grasslands along trails, ditch margins, river margins, wet places, forests, among herbs, sometimes in dry places; 100-1000(-3200) m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xisha Qundao, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Atlantic Ocean islands, N Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
Cyperus cyperoides is naturalized in tropical America.Cyperus cyperoides is naturalized in tropical America.
别名：Pacific island flatsedge;滇西莎草;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：砖子苗属 Mariscus
种拉丁名：Mariscus umbellatus Vahl
科中文名：莎草科
科拉丁名：Cyperaceae
属中文名：砖子苗属
属拉丁名：Mariscus
国内分布：产于陕西、湖北、湖南、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南岛、广西、贵州、云南、四川；生长于山坡阳处、路旁草地、溪边以有松林下，海拔200-3200米。
国外分布：也分布于非洲、马尔加什、印度及其阿隆姆、尼泊尔、锡金、马来亚、印度尼西亚、缅甸、越南、菲律宾、美国夏威夷、朝鲜、日本及其琉球群岛，澳洲和热带美洲以及喜马拉雅山区。
海 拔：200-3200
命名来源：[Enum II: 376. 1806]
【药 名】：砖子苗
【拼 音】：ZHUANZIMIAO
【来 源】：双子叶植物药为莎草科植物密穗砖子苗的全草。
【功 效】：止咳化痰，宣肺解表。
【主 治】：治风寒感冒，咳嗽痰多。
【性味归经】：性平，味苦辛。入肺经。
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，1～3钱。
【别 名】：玛玛机机(藏名)
【动植物资源分布】：分布台湾、广东、广西、云南、西藏等地。
【药材的采收与储藏】：7～9月采收。
【拉丁名】：Mariscus compactus (Retz.)Druce
【考 证】：出自《西藏常用中草药》。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus cyperoides (Linnaeus) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 333. 1898.
砖子苗 zhuan zi miao
Scirpus cyperoides Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. Alt. 181. 1771; Cyperus cyperoides var. microstachys Kükenthal; C. cyperoides var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Kükenthal; C. subumbellatus Kükenthal; C. umbellatus Bentham, nom. illeg. superfl.; Kyllinga sumatrensis Retzius; K. umbellata Rottb?ll, nom. illeg. superfl.; Mariscus cyperoides (Linnaeus) Urban (1900), not (Roxburgh) A. Dietrich (1832); M. philippensis Steudel; M. sieberianus Nees ex C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. evolutior C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. khasianus C. B. Clarke; M. sieberianus var. subcompositus C. B. Clarke; M. sumatrensis (Retzius) J. Raynal; M. sumatrensis var. evolutior (C. B. Clarke) C. Y. Wu ex Karthikeyan; M. sumatrensis var. khasianus (C. B. Clarke) C. Y. Wu ex Karthikeyan; M. sumatrensis var. microstachys (Kükenthal) L. K. Dai; M. sumatrensis var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Karthikeyan; M. umbellatus Vahl, nom. illeg. superfl.; M. umbellatus var. evolutior (C. B. Clarke) E. G. Camus; M. umbellatus var. microstachys (Kükenthal) Tang & F. T. Wang; M. umbellatus var. sieberianus (Nees ex C. B. Clarke) E. G. Camus; M. umbellatus var. subcompositus (C. B. Clarke) Tang & F. T. Wang.
Perennials. Rhizomes short, hardened. Culms laxly tufted, 10-60 cm tall, acutely triquetrous, smooth, base swollen and with more leaves. Leaves shorter than to equaling culm; sheath brown to reddish brown; leaf blade 3-6(-8) mm wide, folded at basal part but apically gradually flattened, margin not scabrous. Involucral bracts 5-8, obliquely spreading, leaflike, longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or subcompound anthela; rays several, 6-12 or sometimes more, short or 6-14 cm, unequal in length, each with 1-5 spikes. Spikes cylindric, 1-2.5[-5] cm × 5-10 mm or sometimes narrower, with many dense spikelets. Spikelets narrowly linear-ovoid, 3-7 × ca. 0.7 mm or sometimes shorter, spreading to reflexed, each (1 or)2- or 3-flowered; rachilla wings white, lanceolate, broad, hyaline. Glumes yellow, yellowish green, or greenish, oblong, ca. 3 mm, veins several with middle 3 green and conspicuous, margin involute, apex obtuse and not mucronate. Stamens 3; anthers broadly linear, 0.8-1 mm; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style short; stigmas 3, slender. Nutlet straw-colored at first but dark brown when mature, narrowly oblong, 1.8-2.2 × ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 2/3 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, minutely punctate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Dec. 2n = 82, 88, 134, 220, 224.
Sunny places on mountain slopes, grasslands along trails, ditch margins, river margins, wet places, forests, among herbs, sometimes in dry places; 100-1000(-3200) m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xisha Qundao, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Atlantic Ocean islands, N Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
Cyperus cyperoides is naturalized in tropical America.Cyperus cyperoides is naturalized in tropical America.