乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep.

别名：五将草;五月藤;五爪金龙;五爪藤;一把篾;猪吃藤;猪娘藤;猪婆蔓;五叶苺;猪血藤;绞股蓝;五叶藤;五龙草;乌蔹苺;母猪藤;绞股兰;胶股兰;鸡爪藤;虎葛;红母猪藤;过山龙;老鸦眼睛;猪婆藤;乌剑莓;老鸦藤;乌敛莓;车索藤;圆叶乌蔹莓;细叶乌蔹莓;五爪龙藤;五爪龙草;五叶茑;乌蔹梅;小母猪藤;乌蕨莓;母猪菜;马蔹莓;老鹰眼睛;老乌眼珠;老乌片藤;勾演;灰毛乌蔹莓;五爪龙;地五加;五叶莓;乌蔹草;bushkiller;

科名：葡萄科 Vitaceae

属名：乌蔹莓属 Cayratia

《中国植物志》第48(2)卷078页
  9.乌蔹莓（唐本草）五爪龙（广东），虎葛（台湾植物志）
  Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 349. 1911 et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 983. 1912; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 683. 1933; Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China. 9 (2): 180. 1934; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs 621. 1940;广州植物志424. 1956;胡先骕, 经济植物手册下册964. 1957; 江苏南部种子植物手册479.图780. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 782.图3294. 1972;海南植物志3: 28. 1974; 台湾植物志3: 668.图770. 1977; W. T. Wang in Acto Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 92. 1979 in clavi; Momiyama in Hara & Wiliams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 2: 93. 1979; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 274. 1981; 江苏植物志下册475.图1517. 1982; 北京植物志上册565.图715. 1984; 福建植物志3: 387. 1988; 河南植物志2: 608.图1567. 1988; 河北植物志2: 119.图1021. 1988.——Vitis japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. 104. 1784.——Cissus japonica (Thunb.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 659. 1798; Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 561. 1887. ——Cissus leucocarpa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 189. 1825.——Causonia japonica Raf. Sylva Tellur. 87. 1838.——Vitis tenuifolia auct. non Wight & Arn. (1834): Laws. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 660. 1875 p. p.——Vitis leucocarpa (Bl.) Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formes. 3: 63. 1913.——Columella japonica (Thunb) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 13: 145. 1918.——Columella tenuifolia (Heyne) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 348. 1911 p. p.; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan. 524. 1963.——Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin var. quinquefolia W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 80 et 92. 1979; 云南种子植物名录上册794. 1984.
形态特征：多年生草质藤本。茎有卷须，与叶对生，幼枝有柔毛，后变无毛，老茎紫绿色，有纵棱。叶互生，鸟足状复叶；小叶5，椭圆形至狭卵形，长2.5-7厘米，顶端急尖或短渐尖，基部楔形至近圆形，边缘有锐锯齿，中部小叶较大，侧生小叶较。聚伞花序腋生或假腋生，有长柄，直径6-15厘米；花小，黄绿色，有短柄，外生粉状微毛或近无毛；花瓣4；雄蕊4枚，与花瓣对生；花盘小，4裂，与子房结合，花柱丝状。浆果近球形，黑色。花期6月，果期8-9月。
分    布：各地
生    境：山坡、坎边、路边或灌木丛中
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：藤叶或根和根茎
药用功能：风湿痹痛、疔疮、黄疸
药用主治：咽喉肿痛、咯血、疳积、尿道感染、痢疾、子宫出血、跌打损伤、毒蛇咬伤、痈肿疮疡

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Cayratia japonica  (Thunberg) Gagnepain
乌蔹莓   wu lian mei
Vines, herbaceous. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges; tendrils 2- or 3-furcate. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate, or sometimes 3-foliolate; stipules caducous; petiole 1.5-10 cm; central petiolule 0.5-2.5 cm, lateral petiolules short or lateral leaflets sessile, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 0.5-1.5 cm; leaflets with lateral veins 5-9 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous; central leaflet elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5-14.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral leaflets elliptic or narrowly so, 1-7 × 0.5-3.5 cm, base cuneate or subrounded, margin 6-15-toothed on each side, apex acute or rounded. Compound dichasium axillary; peduncle 1-13 cm. Pedicel 1-2 mm. Buds oval, 1-2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx cupular, papillose or nearly glabrous, margin entire or undulate. Petals triangular-oval, 1-1.5 mm, papillose. Anthers oval. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk. Berry globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., 2-4-seeded. Seeds triangular-obovoid, base rostrate, apex retuse, surface with ribs, ventral holes semicircular, extending from base to near apex. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Jul-Jan. 2n = 40*.
Forests, shrublands, valleys, grassy areas, fields, disturbed areas, roadsides; 300-2500 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
"Cayratia japonica var. taiwaniana" (Masamune, J. Geobot. 13: iii. 1964), described from Taiwan, may belong here but was not validly published because no type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 37.1).

《全国中草药汇编》:乌蔹莓

【拼音名】 Wū Liǎn Méi
【别名】 母猪藤、红母猪藤、五爪龙、五叶藤、五龙草
【来源】 本品为葡萄科植物乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica （Thunb.）Gagnep.，的全草。夏、秋采集，切段，晒干或鲜用。
【性味】 苦、酸，寒。
【功能主治】 解毒消肿，活血散瘀，利尿，止血。用于咽喉肿痛、目翳，咯血，血尿，痢疾；外用治痈肿，丹毒，腮腺炎，跌打损伤，毒蛇咬伤。
【用法用量】 0.5～1两；外用适量，研末调敷或取汁涂患处。
【备注】 （1）治咽喉肿痛、乳痈、热疖疮肿及皮肤创伤发炎红肿等症，可单用本品一两，煎服；也可配合蒲公英、鸭拓草等同用。对热疖疮痈初起及蛇虫咬伤，可用鲜草适量，洗净，捣烂外敷；也可用本品焙干研细，用麻油或凡士林适量，调匀，外敷患处。治小便不畅、尿中带血、尿道涩痛等症，可单用本品一两，煎服；也可配合车前草、马兰根或连钱草、萹蓄草等同用。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》