三角叶堇菜Viola triangulifolia W. Beck.
三角叶堇菜Viola triangulifolia W. Beck.
94. 三角叶堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）蔓地草（拉汉种子植物名称）图版14: 15-20
Viola triangulifolia W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 6: 202. 1929; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 381. 1931; A. N. Steward Mam. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yungtze Vall. Chin. 263. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 903. 图3535. 1972.
多年生草本，具地上茎，高13-35厘米。根状茎深褐色，粗短，通常斜生，节间缩短，节密生，有多数较粗的细根。地上茎直立，较细弱，单一或数个簇生，无毛。基生叶2-5枚，通常早枯，叶片宽卵形或卵形，长1-2厘米，宽1.5-2.8厘米，先端尖，基部心形，具长3-6.5厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片卵状三角形至狭三角形，长2-5厘米，基部宽2-3.5厘米，先端尖，基部心形或截形，边缘具浅锯齿，两面无毛，具长柄；托叶草质，离生，披针形或线状披针形，长0.5-1厘米，全缘或疏生细齿，常有缘毛。花小，白色有紫色条纹，单生于茎生叶的叶腋；花梗细弱，通常与叶近等长，有时超出于叶，上部有2枚对生的线形小苞片；萼片卵状披针形或披针形，长约3毫米，宽0.8-1.2毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物长约0.5毫米，具狭膜质边缘；上方花瓣长倒卵形，长约5-7.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，侧方花瓣长圆形，长5-8毫米，宽约2毫米，里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣较短，呈匙形，连距长约6毫米；距浅囊状，长1-1.5毫米，粗约2毫米；花药长约2毫米，药隔顶端附属物长约1.5毫米，下方2枚雄蕊的距较短，呈方形，长约1.1毫米，宽约0.8毫米；子房卵球形，长1.5毫米，无毛，花柱棍棒状，长约1.3毫米，基部稍向前膝曲，向上明显增粗，柱头两侧及背部明显增厚成斜展的缘部，中央部分平坦，前方具短喙，喙端具较粗的柱头孔。蒴果较小，椭圆形，长5-6毫米，无毛。花果期4-6月。
产浙江、江西、福建、湖南、广东、广西。生于山谷溪旁、林缘或路旁。模式标本采自江西婺源。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola triangulifolia W. Becker
三角叶堇菜 san jiao ye jin cai
Herbs perennial, caulescent, 13-35 cm tall. Rhizome usually obliquely ascending, deep brown, short, stout, densely noded, with numerous stout rootlets. Stems solitary or several fasciculate, erect, slender, glabrous. Basal leaves 2-5, usually withered early; petioles 3-6.5 cm; blades broadly ovate or ovate, 1-2 × 1.5-2.8 cm, base cordate, apex acute. Cauline leaves long petiolate; stipules free, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 0.5-1 cm, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely denticulate, often ciliate; blades ovate-triangular to narrowly triangular, 2-5 × 2-3.5 cm at base, both surfaces glabrous, base cordate or truncate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acute. Flowers solitary in axils of cauline leaves, white, purple striate, small; pedicels usually subequaling leaves, sometimes exceeding leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 3 × 0.8-1.2 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles ca. 0.5 mm, margin narrowly membranous. Upper petals narrowly obovate, 5-7.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, lateral ones oblong, 5-8 × ca. 2 mm, bearded, anterior one shorter, spatulate, ca. 6 mm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, 1-1.5 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 1.5 mm, spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter, square, subtriangular, ca. 1.1 × 0.8 mm. Ovary ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; styles clavate, ca. 1.3 mm, base slightly geniculate forward, conspicuously thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously thickened on lateral and abaxial sides, margin obliquely spreading, flat in central part, shortly beaked in front, with a larger stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, small, 5-6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Sep.
● Streamsides in mountain valleys, forest margins, roadsides; 200-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
别名：蔓地犁;蔓地草;犁头草;蔓地堇;蔓地梨;曼地犁;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
94. 三角叶堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）蔓地草（拉汉种子植物名称）图版14: 15-20
Viola triangulifolia W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 6: 202. 1929; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 381. 1931; A. N. Steward Mam. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yungtze Vall. Chin. 263. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 903. 图3535. 1972.
多年生草本，具地上茎，高13-35厘米。根状茎深褐色，粗短，通常斜生，节间缩短，节密生，有多数较粗的细根。地上茎直立，较细弱，单一或数个簇生，无毛。基生叶2-5枚，通常早枯，叶片宽卵形或卵形，长1-2厘米，宽1.5-2.8厘米，先端尖，基部心形，具长3-6.5厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片卵状三角形至狭三角形，长2-5厘米，基部宽2-3.5厘米，先端尖，基部心形或截形，边缘具浅锯齿，两面无毛，具长柄；托叶草质，离生，披针形或线状披针形，长0.5-1厘米，全缘或疏生细齿，常有缘毛。花小，白色有紫色条纹，单生于茎生叶的叶腋；花梗细弱，通常与叶近等长，有时超出于叶，上部有2枚对生的线形小苞片；萼片卵状披针形或披针形，长约3毫米，宽0.8-1.2毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物长约0.5毫米，具狭膜质边缘；上方花瓣长倒卵形，长约5-7.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，侧方花瓣长圆形，长5-8毫米，宽约2毫米，里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣较短，呈匙形，连距长约6毫米；距浅囊状，长1-1.5毫米，粗约2毫米；花药长约2毫米，药隔顶端附属物长约1.5毫米，下方2枚雄蕊的距较短，呈方形，长约1.1毫米，宽约0.8毫米；子房卵球形，长1.5毫米，无毛，花柱棍棒状，长约1.3毫米，基部稍向前膝曲，向上明显增粗，柱头两侧及背部明显增厚成斜展的缘部，中央部分平坦，前方具短喙，喙端具较粗的柱头孔。蒴果较小，椭圆形，长5-6毫米，无毛。花果期4-6月。
产浙江、江西、福建、湖南、广东、广西。生于山谷溪旁、林缘或路旁。模式标本采自江西婺源。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola triangulifolia W. Becker
三角叶堇菜 san jiao ye jin cai
Herbs perennial, caulescent, 13-35 cm tall. Rhizome usually obliquely ascending, deep brown, short, stout, densely noded, with numerous stout rootlets. Stems solitary or several fasciculate, erect, slender, glabrous. Basal leaves 2-5, usually withered early; petioles 3-6.5 cm; blades broadly ovate or ovate, 1-2 × 1.5-2.8 cm, base cordate, apex acute. Cauline leaves long petiolate; stipules free, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 0.5-1 cm, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely denticulate, often ciliate; blades ovate-triangular to narrowly triangular, 2-5 × 2-3.5 cm at base, both surfaces glabrous, base cordate or truncate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acute. Flowers solitary in axils of cauline leaves, white, purple striate, small; pedicels usually subequaling leaves, sometimes exceeding leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 3 × 0.8-1.2 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles ca. 0.5 mm, margin narrowly membranous. Upper petals narrowly obovate, 5-7.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, lateral ones oblong, 5-8 × ca. 2 mm, bearded, anterior one shorter, spatulate, ca. 6 mm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, 1-1.5 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 1.5 mm, spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter, square, subtriangular, ca. 1.1 × 0.8 mm. Ovary ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; styles clavate, ca. 1.3 mm, base slightly geniculate forward, conspicuously thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously thickened on lateral and abaxial sides, margin obliquely spreading, flat in central part, shortly beaked in front, with a larger stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, small, 5-6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Sep.
● Streamsides in mountain valleys, forest margins, roadsides; 200-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.