庐山堇菜Viola stewardiana W. Beck.
庐山堇菜Viola stewardiana W. Beck.
10．庐山堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）拟蔓地草（拉汉种子植物名称）图版6: 10-13
Viola stewardiana W. Beck. in Fedde Repent. Sp. Nov. 21: 237. 1925; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 66. 1927; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 917. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 311. 图269. 1981.
多年生草本。主根长；根状茎粗壮，密生结节。茎地下部分横卧，强烈木质化，甚坚硬，常常发出新植株；地上茎斜升，高10-25厘米，通常数条丛生，具纵棱，无毛。基生叶莲座状，叶片三角状卵形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端具短尖，基部宽楔形或截形，下延于叶柄，边缘具圆齿，齿端有腺体，两面有细小的褐色腺点，下面叶脉明显凸起，具长达5.5厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片长卵形、菱形或三角状卵形，长达4.5厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端具短尖或渐尖，基部楔形，叶柄下部者与叶片近等长，上部者短于叶片，具狭翅；托叶褐色，披针形或线状披针形，基部者长1-1.2厘米，上部者长仅0.5厘米，先端长渐尖，边缘有长流苏。花淡紫色，生于茎上部叶的叶腋，具长梗；花梗与叶等长，或稍稍超出于叶，中部稍上处有2枚线形苞片；萼片狭卵形或长圆状披针形，长3-3.5毫米，先端具短尖，基部附属物短，末端圆，全缘，无毛；花瓣先端具明显微缺，上方花瓣匙形，长约8毫米，侧瓣长圆形，里面基部无须毛，下方花瓣倒长卵形，连距长约1.4厘米；距长约6毫米，向下弯，末端钝；下方2枚雄蕊无距，子房卵球形，无毛，花柱基部稍向前膝曲，向上方逐渐增粗，顶部无附属物，具钩状短喙，喙稍向上噘，顶端具较大的柱头孔。蒴果近球形，散生褐色腺体，长约6毫米，先端具短尖。花期4-7月，果期5-9月。2n=20。
产陕西、甘肃（南部）、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州。生于海拔600-1 500米的山坡草地、路边、杂木林下、山沟溪边或石缝中。模式标本采自江西庐山。
本种近似紫花堇菜 Viola grypoceras A. Gray, 但茎生叶叶片菱形或卵形，基部楔形下延于叶柄，叶柄具狭翅；花瓣先端具微缺；下方雄蕊无距状附属物等极易区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola stewardiana W. Becker
庐山堇菜 lu shan jin cai
Herbs perennial; tap roots long. Rhizome robust, densely noded. Underground part of stem procumbent, strongly lignified, very hard, often producing new plants; stems usually several fasciculate, obliquely ascending, 10-15 cm tall, longitudinally angled, glabrous. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole to 5.5 cm; blade triangular-ovate, 1.5-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both surfaces with minute brown glandular dots, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base broadly cuneate or truncate, decurrent to petiole, margin crenate, glandular at apices of teeth, apex mucronate. Stipules of cauline leaves brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, basal ones 1-1.2 cm, upper ones only ca. 0.5 cm, margin long fimbriate, apex long acuminate; lower petioles subequaling blades, upper ones shorter than blades, narrowly winged; blades narrowly ovate, rhombic, or triangular-ovate, ca. 4.5 × 2-3 cm, base cuneate, apex mucronate or acuminate. Flowers in upper leaf axils, light violet, long pedicellate; pedicels subequaling or slightly exceeding leaves, with 2 linear bracteoles slightly above middle. Sepals narrowly ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm, apex mucronate, basal auricles short, glabrous, margin entire, apex rounded. Petals conspicuously emarginate at apex, upper ones spatulate, ca. 8 mm, lateral ones oblong, glabrous, anterior one narrowly obovate, ca. 1.4 cm (spur included); spur ca. 6 mm, curved downward, apex obtuse; 2 anterior stamens spurless. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, without appendages at top, shortly beaked, beaks slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole at tip. Capsule subglobose, with scattered brown glands, ca. 6 mm, apex mucronate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 20*.
● Streamsides in mountain valleys, rock crevices; 400-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
别名：史氏堇;搜山虎;拟蔓地草;庐山堇;黑虎草;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
10．庐山堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）拟蔓地草（拉汉种子植物名称）图版6: 10-13
Viola stewardiana W. Beck. in Fedde Repent. Sp. Nov. 21: 237. 1925; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 66. 1927; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 917. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 311. 图269. 1981.
多年生草本。主根长；根状茎粗壮，密生结节。茎地下部分横卧，强烈木质化，甚坚硬，常常发出新植株；地上茎斜升，高10-25厘米，通常数条丛生，具纵棱，无毛。基生叶莲座状，叶片三角状卵形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端具短尖，基部宽楔形或截形，下延于叶柄，边缘具圆齿，齿端有腺体，两面有细小的褐色腺点，下面叶脉明显凸起，具长达5.5厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片长卵形、菱形或三角状卵形，长达4.5厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端具短尖或渐尖，基部楔形，叶柄下部者与叶片近等长，上部者短于叶片，具狭翅；托叶褐色，披针形或线状披针形，基部者长1-1.2厘米，上部者长仅0.5厘米，先端长渐尖，边缘有长流苏。花淡紫色，生于茎上部叶的叶腋，具长梗；花梗与叶等长，或稍稍超出于叶，中部稍上处有2枚线形苞片；萼片狭卵形或长圆状披针形，长3-3.5毫米，先端具短尖，基部附属物短，末端圆，全缘，无毛；花瓣先端具明显微缺，上方花瓣匙形，长约8毫米，侧瓣长圆形，里面基部无须毛，下方花瓣倒长卵形，连距长约1.4厘米；距长约6毫米，向下弯，末端钝；下方2枚雄蕊无距，子房卵球形，无毛，花柱基部稍向前膝曲，向上方逐渐增粗，顶部无附属物，具钩状短喙，喙稍向上噘，顶端具较大的柱头孔。蒴果近球形，散生褐色腺体，长约6毫米，先端具短尖。花期4-7月，果期5-9月。2n=20。
产陕西、甘肃（南部）、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州。生于海拔600-1 500米的山坡草地、路边、杂木林下、山沟溪边或石缝中。模式标本采自江西庐山。
本种近似紫花堇菜 Viola grypoceras A. Gray, 但茎生叶叶片菱形或卵形，基部楔形下延于叶柄，叶柄具狭翅；花瓣先端具微缺；下方雄蕊无距状附属物等极易区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola stewardiana W. Becker
庐山堇菜 lu shan jin cai
Herbs perennial; tap roots long. Rhizome robust, densely noded. Underground part of stem procumbent, strongly lignified, very hard, often producing new plants; stems usually several fasciculate, obliquely ascending, 10-15 cm tall, longitudinally angled, glabrous. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole to 5.5 cm; blade triangular-ovate, 1.5-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both surfaces with minute brown glandular dots, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base broadly cuneate or truncate, decurrent to petiole, margin crenate, glandular at apices of teeth, apex mucronate. Stipules of cauline leaves brown, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, basal ones 1-1.2 cm, upper ones only ca. 0.5 cm, margin long fimbriate, apex long acuminate; lower petioles subequaling blades, upper ones shorter than blades, narrowly winged; blades narrowly ovate, rhombic, or triangular-ovate, ca. 4.5 × 2-3 cm, base cuneate, apex mucronate or acuminate. Flowers in upper leaf axils, light violet, long pedicellate; pedicels subequaling or slightly exceeding leaves, with 2 linear bracteoles slightly above middle. Sepals narrowly ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm, apex mucronate, basal auricles short, glabrous, margin entire, apex rounded. Petals conspicuously emarginate at apex, upper ones spatulate, ca. 8 mm, lateral ones oblong, glabrous, anterior one narrowly obovate, ca. 1.4 cm (spur included); spur ca. 6 mm, curved downward, apex obtuse; 2 anterior stamens spurless. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, without appendages at top, shortly beaked, beaks slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole at tip. Capsule subglobose, with scattered brown glands, ca. 6 mm, apex mucronate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 20*.
● Streamsides in mountain valleys, rock crevices; 400-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.