辽宁堇菜Viola rossii Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.
辽宁堇菜Viola rossii Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.
64．辽宁堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）洛氏堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报），洛雪堇菜（江苏植物名录），庐山堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版7: 5-11
Viola rossii Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 54. 1886; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 55. 1905; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 34. 1918; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 323. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 458. 1979; Hara, Enum. Spermat. Jap. 3: 215. 1954; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 86. 图版1, 图15. 1955; A. N. Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley. China 262. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 909. 图3548. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 91. 1977; Ohwi, New Edit. Revis. Enlarg. Fl. Japan 914. 1978. ——V. franchetii H. de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 47: 321. 1900, pro majore p. ; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 147. 1923, p. p. ——V. matsumurae Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 134. 1902.
多年生草本，无地上茎。根状茎垂直或斜生，粗3-4毫米，长2-4厘米，深褐色，有时上部有分枝，节间短缩，节上密生多条长的褐色细根。叶基生，叶片宽卵形或近肾形，长2-6厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端渐尖，基部浅心形，稀深心形，耳部常向内卷，边缘有多数细锯齿，上面绿色，基部及边缘疏生白色柔毛，下面淡绿色，密被白色柔毛，老叶上的毛渐变少；叶柄柔软，具极狭的翅，花后长可达14厘米；托叶离生，干后近膜质，淡绿色，披针形或狭卵形，长5-8毫米，先端渐尖，全缘或疏生细齿。花较大，淡紫色，具长梗；花梗与叶近等长，无毛，中部稍上处有2枚对生的披针形小苞片；萼片卵形或长圆状卵形，长约7毫米，无毛，基部附属物短，末端钝或截形，具疏齿；花瓣倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面基部有少量须毛，下方花瓣匙形，连距长1.8-2厘米；距囊状，长3-4毫米，粗约4毫米；下方2枚雄蕊之距较短，与花药近等长，长约3毫米，粗约1.5毫米，末端变细；子房无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，顶部两侧具稍肥厚的缘边，中央略平，前方伸长成短喙。蒴果较大，椭圆形，长约1.2厘米，先端具短尖，无毛。种子苍白色光滑，卵状球形，长2.8毫米，直径约1.8毫米。花期4-7月，果期6-8月。2n=24。
产辽宁、内蒙古（大兴安岭南部）、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西。生于山地腐殖质较厚的针阔混交林或阔叶林林下或林缘、灌丛、山坡草地。朝鲜、日本有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola rossii Hemsley
辽宁堇菜 liao ning jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, deep brown, 2-4 cm, 3-4 mm in diam., sometimes branched in upper part, densely noded, with numerous brown rootlets at nodes. Leaves basal; stipules free, greenish, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 5-8 mm, submembranous when dry, margin entire or remotely denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole soft, very narrowly winged, to 14 cm after anthesis; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, broadly ovate or subreniform, 2-6 × 2-5 cm, abaxially densely white puberulous, gradually less hairy on old leaves, adaxially sparsely white puberulous at base and along margin, base shallowly cordate, rarely deeply cordate, auricles often involute, margin densely serrulate, apex acuminate. Flowers purple, large, long pedicellate; pedicels subequaling leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate slightly above middle; bracteoles opposite, lanceolate. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, ca. 7 mm, glabrous, basal auricles short, apex obtuse or truncate, remotely dentate. Petals obovate, lateral ones sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one spatulate, 1.8-2 cm (spur included); spur saccate, 3-4 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter, subequaling anthers, ca. 3 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., apex slender. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, slightly thickly margined on lateral sides, slightly flat in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule ellipsoid, large, ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous, apex mucronate. Seeds glaucous, ovoid-globose, ca. 2.8 mm, ca. 1.8 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 24.
Mixed needle-leaved and broad-leaved forests, broad-leaved forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on mountain slopes; 100-1300 m. Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
别名：地丁;庐山堇菜;紫草地丁;洛雪堇菜;丁毒草;洛氏堇;寸七草;心叶堇菜;洛氏堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
64．辽宁堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）洛氏堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报），洛雪堇菜（江苏植物名录），庐山堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版7: 5-11
Viola rossii Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 54. 1886; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 55. 1905; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 34. 1918; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 323. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 458. 1979; Hara, Enum. Spermat. Jap. 3: 215. 1954; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 86. 图版1, 图15. 1955; A. N. Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley. China 262. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 909. 图3548. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 91. 1977; Ohwi, New Edit. Revis. Enlarg. Fl. Japan 914. 1978. ——V. franchetii H. de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 47: 321. 1900, pro majore p. ; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 147. 1923, p. p. ——V. matsumurae Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 134. 1902.
多年生草本，无地上茎。根状茎垂直或斜生，粗3-4毫米，长2-4厘米，深褐色，有时上部有分枝，节间短缩，节上密生多条长的褐色细根。叶基生，叶片宽卵形或近肾形，长2-6厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端渐尖，基部浅心形，稀深心形，耳部常向内卷，边缘有多数细锯齿，上面绿色，基部及边缘疏生白色柔毛，下面淡绿色，密被白色柔毛，老叶上的毛渐变少；叶柄柔软，具极狭的翅，花后长可达14厘米；托叶离生，干后近膜质，淡绿色，披针形或狭卵形，长5-8毫米，先端渐尖，全缘或疏生细齿。花较大，淡紫色，具长梗；花梗与叶近等长，无毛，中部稍上处有2枚对生的披针形小苞片；萼片卵形或长圆状卵形，长约7毫米，无毛，基部附属物短，末端钝或截形，具疏齿；花瓣倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面基部有少量须毛，下方花瓣匙形，连距长1.8-2厘米；距囊状，长3-4毫米，粗约4毫米；下方2枚雄蕊之距较短，与花药近等长，长约3毫米，粗约1.5毫米，末端变细；子房无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，顶部两侧具稍肥厚的缘边，中央略平，前方伸长成短喙。蒴果较大，椭圆形，长约1.2厘米，先端具短尖，无毛。种子苍白色光滑，卵状球形，长2.8毫米，直径约1.8毫米。花期4-7月，果期6-8月。2n=24。
产辽宁、内蒙古（大兴安岭南部）、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西。生于山地腐殖质较厚的针阔混交林或阔叶林林下或林缘、灌丛、山坡草地。朝鲜、日本有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola rossii Hemsley
辽宁堇菜 liao ning jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, deep brown, 2-4 cm, 3-4 mm in diam., sometimes branched in upper part, densely noded, with numerous brown rootlets at nodes. Leaves basal; stipules free, greenish, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 5-8 mm, submembranous when dry, margin entire or remotely denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole soft, very narrowly winged, to 14 cm after anthesis; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, broadly ovate or subreniform, 2-6 × 2-5 cm, abaxially densely white puberulous, gradually less hairy on old leaves, adaxially sparsely white puberulous at base and along margin, base shallowly cordate, rarely deeply cordate, auricles often involute, margin densely serrulate, apex acuminate. Flowers purple, large, long pedicellate; pedicels subequaling leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate slightly above middle; bracteoles opposite, lanceolate. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, ca. 7 mm, glabrous, basal auricles short, apex obtuse or truncate, remotely dentate. Petals obovate, lateral ones sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one spatulate, 1.8-2 cm (spur included); spur saccate, 3-4 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter, subequaling anthers, ca. 3 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., apex slender. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, slightly thickly margined on lateral sides, slightly flat in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule ellipsoid, large, ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous, apex mucronate. Seeds glaucous, ovoid-globose, ca. 2.8 mm, ca. 1.8 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 24.
Mixed needle-leaved and broad-leaved forests, broad-leaved forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on mountain slopes; 100-1300 m. Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].