匍匐堇菜Viola pilosa Blume
匍匐堇菜Viola pilosa Blume
69. 匍匐堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）图版18: 9-12
Viola pilosa Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. 57. 1823; Bijdr. 57. 1825; Jacobs et D. M. Moose in Fl. Males. 7: 207 f. 8. 16. 17. 1971, excl. V. glaucescens Oudem.; Hara, in Ohashi Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 83. 1975; 西藏植物志 3: 293. 1986.——V. serpens Wall. ex Ging. in DC. Prods. 1: 296. 1824; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 184. 1872, incl. vas. glabra Forties et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 55. 1886; Franch. Pl. David. 72, 1889; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 103. 1923; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 243. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 914. 图. 3558. 1972.
多年生草本，无地上茎或具极短的地上茎。根状茎垂直或斜生，长3-5厘米，粗1.5-4毫米，具明显的节间。匍匐枝纤细，延伸，无毛，有均匀散生的叶。叶近基生，叶片卵形或狭卵形，长2-6厘米，宽1-3厘米，先端尾状渐尖或锐尖，基部弯缺狭而深，两侧有明显的垂片，边缘密生浅钝齿，两面淡绿色，散生白色硬毛，下面沿脉毛较密；叶柄与叶片近等长或下部者远长于叶片，密被倒生长硬毛，上部毛较密；托叶大部分离生，褐色或绿色，披针形，先端长渐尖，边缘具或长或短的流苏状齿。花中等大，淡紫色或白色；花梗通常高出于叶，疏生短毛或近无毛，中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长6-7.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端尖，基部附属物长2-2.5毫米，末端疏生浅牙齿，边缘具纤毛，外面通常散生白色短毛；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，基部较窄，侧方花瓣里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣较短，里面有深色脉纹，基部的距呈囊状，长2-2.5毫米，通常疏生细毛；下方2枚雄蕊背部的距长约1.5毫米，呈角状；子房通常被短毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶部或多或少平，无缘边，前方有一极不明显的短喙，喙端具细小的柱头孔。蒴果近球形，长5-10毫米，被柔毛或无毛。种子表面具点状突起，侧下方有明显的附属物。花期春季。
产江西、四川、云南、西藏。生于海拔800-2500米山地林下、草地或路边。印度、缅甸、泰国及印度尼西亚、马来西亚有分布，喜马拉雅地区也有。
本种与光叶堇菜 V. hossei W. Beck. 近似，但本种叶片先端具尾状渐尖，两面散生白色硬毛，叶柄密被倒生长硬毛；子房通常被短柔毛，花柱顶部平截无缘边等极易区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola pilosa Blume
匍匐堇菜 pu fu jin cai
Viola pogonantha W. W. Smith; V. serpens Wallich ex Gingins; V. serpens subsp. gurhwalensis W. Becker; V. serpens var. pseudoscotophylla H. Boissieu.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent or with very short stem. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 3-5 cm × 1.5-4 mm; internodes conspicuous. Stolon elongated, slender, glabrous, with evenly scattered leaves. Leaves nearly basal; stipules mostly free, brown or green, lanceolate, margin long or shortly fimbriate-dentate, apex long acuminate; petioles nearly as long as blades or lower ones much longer than blades, densely appressed hirsute, more densely hairy in upper part; leaf blade greenish on both surfaces, ovate or narrowly ovate, 2-6 × 1-3 cm, sparsely white stiffly hairy, more densely so along veins abaxially, base narrowly and deeply sinuate, lateral auricles conspicuous, margin densely and shallowly obtusely dentate, apex caudate-acuminate or acute. Flowers purplish or white, medium-sized; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 6-7.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles 2-2.5 mm, outside usually sparsely white puberulous, margin ciliate, apex remotely and shallowly dentate. Petals oblong-obovate, base narrower, lateral ones bearded, anterior one shorter, inside deep-colored veined; spur saccate, 2-2.5 mm, usually sparsely puberulous; spur of 2 anterior stamens ca. 1.5 mm, angular. Ovary usually puberulous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas ± flat, not margined, very inconspicuously short beaked in front, with smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule subglobose, 5-10 mm, puberulous or glabrous. Seeds with dotted protuberances on surface, conspicuously appendaged on lower lateral side. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 20.
Mountain forests, grasslands, roadsides; 800-3000 m. W Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Kashmir, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand].
In FRPS (51: 90. 1991), the name Viola canescens Wallich was misapplied to this species.
别名：毛叶堇菜;冷毒菜;葡萄茎堇菜;匍匐小堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
69. 匍匐堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）图版18: 9-12
Viola pilosa Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. 57. 1823; Bijdr. 57. 1825; Jacobs et D. M. Moose in Fl. Males. 7: 207 f. 8. 16. 17. 1971, excl. V. glaucescens Oudem.; Hara, in Ohashi Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 83. 1975; 西藏植物志 3: 293. 1986.——V. serpens Wall. ex Ging. in DC. Prods. 1: 296. 1824; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 184. 1872, incl. vas. glabra Forties et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 55. 1886; Franch. Pl. David. 72, 1889; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 103. 1923; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 243. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 914. 图. 3558. 1972.
多年生草本，无地上茎或具极短的地上茎。根状茎垂直或斜生，长3-5厘米，粗1.5-4毫米，具明显的节间。匍匐枝纤细，延伸，无毛，有均匀散生的叶。叶近基生，叶片卵形或狭卵形，长2-6厘米，宽1-3厘米，先端尾状渐尖或锐尖，基部弯缺狭而深，两侧有明显的垂片，边缘密生浅钝齿，两面淡绿色，散生白色硬毛，下面沿脉毛较密；叶柄与叶片近等长或下部者远长于叶片，密被倒生长硬毛，上部毛较密；托叶大部分离生，褐色或绿色，披针形，先端长渐尖，边缘具或长或短的流苏状齿。花中等大，淡紫色或白色；花梗通常高出于叶，疏生短毛或近无毛，中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长6-7.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端尖，基部附属物长2-2.5毫米，末端疏生浅牙齿，边缘具纤毛，外面通常散生白色短毛；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，基部较窄，侧方花瓣里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣较短，里面有深色脉纹，基部的距呈囊状，长2-2.5毫米，通常疏生细毛；下方2枚雄蕊背部的距长约1.5毫米，呈角状；子房通常被短毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶部或多或少平，无缘边，前方有一极不明显的短喙，喙端具细小的柱头孔。蒴果近球形，长5-10毫米，被柔毛或无毛。种子表面具点状突起，侧下方有明显的附属物。花期春季。
产江西、四川、云南、西藏。生于海拔800-2500米山地林下、草地或路边。印度、缅甸、泰国及印度尼西亚、马来西亚有分布，喜马拉雅地区也有。
本种与光叶堇菜 V. hossei W. Beck. 近似，但本种叶片先端具尾状渐尖，两面散生白色硬毛，叶柄密被倒生长硬毛；子房通常被短柔毛，花柱顶部平截无缘边等极易区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola pilosa Blume
匍匐堇菜 pu fu jin cai
Viola pogonantha W. W. Smith; V. serpens Wallich ex Gingins; V. serpens subsp. gurhwalensis W. Becker; V. serpens var. pseudoscotophylla H. Boissieu.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent or with very short stem. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 3-5 cm × 1.5-4 mm; internodes conspicuous. Stolon elongated, slender, glabrous, with evenly scattered leaves. Leaves nearly basal; stipules mostly free, brown or green, lanceolate, margin long or shortly fimbriate-dentate, apex long acuminate; petioles nearly as long as blades or lower ones much longer than blades, densely appressed hirsute, more densely hairy in upper part; leaf blade greenish on both surfaces, ovate or narrowly ovate, 2-6 × 1-3 cm, sparsely white stiffly hairy, more densely so along veins abaxially, base narrowly and deeply sinuate, lateral auricles conspicuous, margin densely and shallowly obtusely dentate, apex caudate-acuminate or acute. Flowers purplish or white, medium-sized; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 6-7.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles 2-2.5 mm, outside usually sparsely white puberulous, margin ciliate, apex remotely and shallowly dentate. Petals oblong-obovate, base narrower, lateral ones bearded, anterior one shorter, inside deep-colored veined; spur saccate, 2-2.5 mm, usually sparsely puberulous; spur of 2 anterior stamens ca. 1.5 mm, angular. Ovary usually puberulous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas ± flat, not margined, very inconspicuously short beaked in front, with smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule subglobose, 5-10 mm, puberulous or glabrous. Seeds with dotted protuberances on surface, conspicuously appendaged on lower lateral side. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 20.
Mountain forests, grasslands, roadsides; 800-3000 m. W Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Kashmir, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand].
In FRPS (51: 90. 1991), the name Viola canescens Wallich was misapplied to this species.