北京堇菜Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Beck.
北京堇菜Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Beck.
29. 北京堇菜（北京植物志）拟弱距堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版15: 9-16
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 251. 1916; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 319. 1981; 北京植物志 上册591. 1984; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 128. 1988——V. kamtschatica Ging. δ. pekinensis Regel, Pl. Radd. 230. 1861.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高达6-8厘米。根状茎稍粗壮，短缩，长0.5-1厘米，粗约0.5厘米，绿色，无毛。叶基生，莲座状；叶片圆形或卵状心形，长2-3厘米，宽与长几相等，先端钝圆，基部心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面无毛或沿叶脉被疏柔毛；叶柄细长，长1.5-4.5厘米，无毛；托叶外方者较宽，白色，膜质，约3/4与叶柄合生，内部者较窄，绿色，约1/2与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏的流苏状细齿。花淡紫色，有时近白色；花梗细弱，通常稍高出于叶丛，近中部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形或卵状披针形，长7-9毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端急尖，边缘狭膜质，具3脉，基部具明显伸长的附属物，附属物长2-3厘米，末端浅裂；花瓣宽倒卵形，上瓣长约1.1厘米，宽约7毫米，侧瓣长约1.1厘米，宽约6毫米，里面近基部有明显须毛，下瓣连距长1.5-1.8厘米；距圆筒状，稍粗壮，长6-9毫米，直伸，末端钝圆；花药长约2毫米，药隔顶端附属物与花药近等长，下方雄蕊背部之距线形，长约5毫米；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部通常直且较细，向上渐增粗，顶部平坦，两侧及后方具明显缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具较宽的柱头孔。蒴果无毛。花期4-5月，果期5-7月。
产河北、陕西（太白山）。生于海拨500-1500米的阔叶林林下或林缘草地。模式标本采自北京。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Becker
北京堇菜 bei jing jin cai
Viola dolichoceras C. J. Wang; V. kamtschatica Gingins var. pekinensis Regel; V. liaosiensis P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. mongolica f. longisepala P. F. Fu & Y. C. Teng.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-9 cm tall, to 17 cm at fruiting, usually with persistent remains of leaves of last year at anthesis. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 1-4 cm or longer, slightly robust, with numerous white rootlets. Leaves several, basal; stipules 1/2-2/3 adnate to petioles, free part narrowly lanceolate, margin remotely denticulate; petiole narrowly winged, 2-7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-cordate, cordate, or elliptic-cordate, 1.5-3 × 1-2 cm, larger at fruiting, 2.5-6 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, abaxially sometimes subglabrous, base cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white or rarely light rose; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, slender, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 mm, apex obtuse or acute; basal auricles 1.5-2.5 mm, apex truncate or shallowly dentate, ciliate. Lateral petals bearded, anterior one 1.5-2 cm (spur included), sometimes purple striate in middle and lower parts; spur slightly curved upward, cylindric, 6-8 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward; stigmas with wider margin on two lateral sides and behind, shortly beaked in front, with a slightly upward stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid, 6-8 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
● Broad-leaved forests, needle-leaved forests, forest margins, stony places, crevices; 500-1900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi.
In FRPS (51: 42. 1991), the name Viola mongolica was misapplied to this species.
别名：拟弱距堇菜;北京音-尼勒-其其格;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
29. 北京堇菜（北京植物志）拟弱距堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版15: 9-16
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 251. 1916; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 319. 1981; 北京植物志 上册591. 1984; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 128. 1988——V. kamtschatica Ging. δ. pekinensis Regel, Pl. Radd. 230. 1861.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高达6-8厘米。根状茎稍粗壮，短缩，长0.5-1厘米，粗约0.5厘米，绿色，无毛。叶基生，莲座状；叶片圆形或卵状心形，长2-3厘米，宽与长几相等，先端钝圆，基部心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面无毛或沿叶脉被疏柔毛；叶柄细长，长1.5-4.5厘米，无毛；托叶外方者较宽，白色，膜质，约3/4与叶柄合生，内部者较窄，绿色，约1/2与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏的流苏状细齿。花淡紫色，有时近白色；花梗细弱，通常稍高出于叶丛，近中部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形或卵状披针形，长7-9毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端急尖，边缘狭膜质，具3脉，基部具明显伸长的附属物，附属物长2-3厘米，末端浅裂；花瓣宽倒卵形，上瓣长约1.1厘米，宽约7毫米，侧瓣长约1.1厘米，宽约6毫米，里面近基部有明显须毛，下瓣连距长1.5-1.8厘米；距圆筒状，稍粗壮，长6-9毫米，直伸，末端钝圆；花药长约2毫米，药隔顶端附属物与花药近等长，下方雄蕊背部之距线形，长约5毫米；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部通常直且较细，向上渐增粗，顶部平坦，两侧及后方具明显缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具较宽的柱头孔。蒴果无毛。花期4-5月，果期5-7月。
产河北、陕西（太白山）。生于海拨500-1500米的阔叶林林下或林缘草地。模式标本采自北京。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Becker
北京堇菜 bei jing jin cai
Viola dolichoceras C. J. Wang; V. kamtschatica Gingins var. pekinensis Regel; V. liaosiensis P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. mongolica f. longisepala P. F. Fu & Y. C. Teng.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-9 cm tall, to 17 cm at fruiting, usually with persistent remains of leaves of last year at anthesis. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 1-4 cm or longer, slightly robust, with numerous white rootlets. Leaves several, basal; stipules 1/2-2/3 adnate to petioles, free part narrowly lanceolate, margin remotely denticulate; petiole narrowly winged, 2-7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-cordate, cordate, or elliptic-cordate, 1.5-3 × 1-2 cm, larger at fruiting, 2.5-6 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, abaxially sometimes subglabrous, base cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white or rarely light rose; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, slender, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 mm, apex obtuse or acute; basal auricles 1.5-2.5 mm, apex truncate or shallowly dentate, ciliate. Lateral petals bearded, anterior one 1.5-2 cm (spur included), sometimes purple striate in middle and lower parts; spur slightly curved upward, cylindric, 6-8 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward; stigmas with wider margin on two lateral sides and behind, shortly beaked in front, with a slightly upward stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid, 6-8 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
● Broad-leaved forests, needle-leaved forests, forest margins, stony places, crevices; 500-1900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi.
In FRPS (51: 42. 1991), the name Viola mongolica was misapplied to this species.