小尖堇菜Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
小尖堇菜Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
78. 小尖堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴 补编2）
Viola mucronulifera Hand. -Mazz. in Sinensia 2: 4, 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 240. 1949, pro syn.; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编2: 524. 图8903. 1983. ——V. kwangtuangensis Melch. in Sunyatsenia 1: 124. 1933, syn. nov.
多年生草本，近无地上茎，或地上茎缩短，长仅1厘米。根状茎细长，具稀疏的节间；匍匐茎纤细，无毛，长可达15厘米，节处生有多数不定根，顶端发出新植株。叶近基生或密集于短缩的茎上；叶片卵状心形或椭圆状心形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端尖，基部狭心形，边缘具半圆形粗锯齿，每侧有6-10个齿，齿端具明显的刺尖，刺尖开展或向前伸且顶端常具淡红色腺体，两面均无毛，上面深绿色，下面灰绿色并沿凸起的中脉上常散生刺尖；叶柄与叶片近等长，长达7厘米，无毛；托叶仅基部与叶柄合生，分离部分披针形，有褐色条纹，边缘具长流苏状齿。花白色或淡紫色；花梗与叶近等长或稍短，中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长约5毫米，宽1-1.2毫米，无毛，有狭膜质边缘，基部附属物短，长不超过1毫米，末端截形，疏生浅齿；花瓣倒卵形，上方花瓣及侧方花瓣近等长，长约1.3厘米，宽约5毫米，侧方花瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约1.1厘米，宽约3毫米；距粗短呈囊状，长2-2.5毫米，粗2-2.5毫米；下方雄蕊的距尖角状，长约2毫米，与花药近等长；子房长圆状球形，无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶端稍隆起，两侧增厚成狭的缘边，先端具不明显的短喙，喙端具向上开口的细的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长约6毫米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
产浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1900米以下山地林下、林缘、草地。模式标本采自广西凌云青龙山。
本种与浅圆齿堇菜 V. schneideri W. Beck. 近似，但本种叶形较大，叶缘具明显的刺尖，托叶具长流苏状齿；柱头顶部稍隆起，两侧具窄缘边，前方具不明显的短喙，喙端具细小的柱头孔可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola mucronulifera Handel-Mazzetti
小尖堇菜 xiao jian jin cai
Herbs perennial, nearly acaulescent, or stem short, only ca. 1 cm. Rhizome long, slender; internodes remote. Stolon to 15 cm, slender, glabrous, producing numerous adventitious roots at nodes, top developing into a new plant. Leaves nearly basal or clustered on shortened stem; stipules adnate to petioles only at base, free part lanceolate, brown striate, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petioles subequaling blades, to 7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially deep green, ovate-cordate or elliptic-cordate, 2-5 × 1.5-3 cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially often sparsely spinose along raised midvein, base narrowly cordate, margin serrate, 6-10-toothed on each side, teeth suborbicular, conspicuously spinose at apices, spines spreading or bending forward and often reddish glandular at apices, apex acute. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels subequaling or slightly shorter than leaves, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous, margin narrowly membranous, basal auricles short, less than 1 mm, apex truncate, sparsely shallowly dentate. Petals obovate, upper ones subequaling lateral ones, ca. 1.3 × 0.5 cm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one shorter, ca. 1.1 cm × ca. 3 mm (spur included); spur saccate, short, 2-2.5 mm, stout, 2-2.5 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens acutangular, ca. 2 mm, subequaling anthers. Ovary oblong-globose, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas slightly raised at apex, thickened and narrowly margined on lateral sides, inconspicuously beaked at apex, with a small stigma hole open upward at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jun.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grasslands; 1300-1900 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
别名：尖叶堇菜;攀地堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
78. 小尖堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴 补编2）
Viola mucronulifera Hand. -Mazz. in Sinensia 2: 4, 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 240. 1949, pro syn.; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编2: 524. 图8903. 1983. ——V. kwangtuangensis Melch. in Sunyatsenia 1: 124. 1933, syn. nov.
多年生草本，近无地上茎，或地上茎缩短，长仅1厘米。根状茎细长，具稀疏的节间；匍匐茎纤细，无毛，长可达15厘米，节处生有多数不定根，顶端发出新植株。叶近基生或密集于短缩的茎上；叶片卵状心形或椭圆状心形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端尖，基部狭心形，边缘具半圆形粗锯齿，每侧有6-10个齿，齿端具明显的刺尖，刺尖开展或向前伸且顶端常具淡红色腺体，两面均无毛，上面深绿色，下面灰绿色并沿凸起的中脉上常散生刺尖；叶柄与叶片近等长，长达7厘米，无毛；托叶仅基部与叶柄合生，分离部分披针形，有褐色条纹，边缘具长流苏状齿。花白色或淡紫色；花梗与叶近等长或稍短，中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长约5毫米，宽1-1.2毫米，无毛，有狭膜质边缘，基部附属物短，长不超过1毫米，末端截形，疏生浅齿；花瓣倒卵形，上方花瓣及侧方花瓣近等长，长约1.3厘米，宽约5毫米，侧方花瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约1.1厘米，宽约3毫米；距粗短呈囊状，长2-2.5毫米，粗2-2.5毫米；下方雄蕊的距尖角状，长约2毫米，与花药近等长；子房长圆状球形，无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶端稍隆起，两侧增厚成狭的缘边，先端具不明显的短喙，喙端具向上开口的细的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长约6毫米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
产浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1900米以下山地林下、林缘、草地。模式标本采自广西凌云青龙山。
本种与浅圆齿堇菜 V. schneideri W. Beck. 近似，但本种叶形较大，叶缘具明显的刺尖，托叶具长流苏状齿；柱头顶部稍隆起，两侧具窄缘边，前方具不明显的短喙，喙端具细小的柱头孔可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola mucronulifera Handel-Mazzetti
小尖堇菜 xiao jian jin cai
Herbs perennial, nearly acaulescent, or stem short, only ca. 1 cm. Rhizome long, slender; internodes remote. Stolon to 15 cm, slender, glabrous, producing numerous adventitious roots at nodes, top developing into a new plant. Leaves nearly basal or clustered on shortened stem; stipules adnate to petioles only at base, free part lanceolate, brown striate, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petioles subequaling blades, to 7 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially deep green, ovate-cordate or elliptic-cordate, 2-5 × 1.5-3 cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially often sparsely spinose along raised midvein, base narrowly cordate, margin serrate, 6-10-toothed on each side, teeth suborbicular, conspicuously spinose at apices, spines spreading or bending forward and often reddish glandular at apices, apex acute. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels subequaling or slightly shorter than leaves, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous, margin narrowly membranous, basal auricles short, less than 1 mm, apex truncate, sparsely shallowly dentate. Petals obovate, upper ones subequaling lateral ones, ca. 1.3 × 0.5 cm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one shorter, ca. 1.1 cm × ca. 3 mm (spur included); spur saccate, short, 2-2.5 mm, stout, 2-2.5 mm in diam.; spur of 2 anterior stamens acutangular, ca. 2 mm, subequaling anthers. Ovary oblong-globose, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas slightly raised at apex, thickened and narrowly margined on lateral sides, inconspicuously beaked at apex, with a small stigma hole open upward at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jun.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grasslands; 1300-1900 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.