蒙古堇菜Viola mongolica Franch.
蒙古堇菜Viola mongolica Franch.
23. 蒙古堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）白花堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）图版10: 11-16
Viola mongolica Franch. Pl. David. 1: 42. 1884; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 322. 1939, et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 457. 1979; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报1: 75. 图版2. 图3. 1955; 东北植物检索表231. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 915. 图3560. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 97. 图版37, 图1-6. 1977; 内蒙古植物志4: 119. 图55. 图5. 1979; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 130. 1988.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高5-9厘米，果期高可达17厘米，花期通常宿存去年残叶。根状茎稍粗壮，垂直或斜生，长1-4厘米或更长，生多条白色细根。叶数枚，基生；叶片卵状心形、心形或椭圆状心形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1-2厘米，果期叶片较大，长2.5-6厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部浅心形或心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面疏生短柔毛，下面有时几无毛；叶柄具狭翅，长2-7厘米，无毛；托叶1/2与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，边缘疏生细齿。花白色；花梗细，通常高出于叶，无毛，近中部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片椭圆状披针形或狭长圆形，先端钝或尖，基部附属物长2-2.5毫米，末端浅齿裂，具缘毛；侧方花瓣里面近基部稍有须毛，下方花瓣连距长1.5-2厘米，中下部有时具紫色条纹，距管状，长6-7毫米，稍向上弯，末端钝圆；子房无毛，花柱基部稍向前膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方具较宽的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具微上向的柱头孔。蒴果卵形，长6-8毫米，无毛。花果期5-8月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古（大青山）、河北、甘肃（兰州）。生于阔叶林、针叶林林下及林缘、石砾地等处。模式标本采自河北承德。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola mongolica Franchet
蒙古堇菜 meng gu jin cai
Viola hebeiensis J. W. Wang & T. G. Ma; V. yamatsutae Ishidoya ex Kitagawa; V. yezoensis Maximowicz var. hebeiensis (J. W. Wang & T. G. Ma) J. W. Wang & J. Yang ["hopeiensis"].
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, to 15 cm tall. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 0.5-2 cm, robust, to 0.5 cm thick, with numerous brownish robust roots. Leaves basal; stipules greenish, 1/2 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, margin sparsely and shortly fimbriate-dentate, apex acute; petiole 3-4 cm, to 12 cm at fruiting, puberulous, narrowly winged; blade ovate or long ovate, 2-5 × 3-4 cm, to 8 × 4.5 cm at fruiting, both surfaces puberulous, base deeply cordate, sometimes shallowly cordate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers white, throat yellowish green, long pedicellate; pedicels robust, usually exceeding leaves, 6-8 cm, puberulous, 2-bracteolate in or above middle; bracteoles linear, 1-1.5 cm, margin sparsely pilose. Sepals lanceolate, usually pilose, 1.1-1.3 cm (basal auricles included), 3-4 mm wide, apex acute; basal auricles conspicuous, 3-4 mm, apex deeply or shallowly emarginate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 × 0.8 cm, base narrowed and clawed, lateral ones oblong-obovate, ca. 1.3 × 0.6 cm, sparsely bearded and yellowish at throat, anterior one 1.8-2 cm (spur included), with 5-7 dark veins, apex obtuse; spur cylindric, robust, 5-7 mm, ca. 2.5 mm thick, apex obtuse, usually curved upward or straight. Anthers subequaling membranous apical appendages of connectives, ca. 2 mm; spur of anterior stamens narrowly linear, ca. 5 mm, usually curved near apex. Ovary glabrous; styles usually erect at base, thicker in upper part; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides and behind, shortly and thickly beaked in front, with a larger stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule oblong, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Oct.
● Broad-leaved forests, thickets on mountains, grasslands on mountain slopes; (200-)800-2800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
In FRPS (51: 44. 1991), the name Viola yezoensis Maximowicz was misapplied to this species.
别名：蒙左勒－尼勒－其其格;蒙古勒-尼勒-其其格;北京堇菜;米棕子;毛花堇菜;白花堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
23. 蒙古堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）白花堇菜（中国高等植物图鉴）图版10: 11-16
Viola mongolica Franch. Pl. David. 1: 42. 1884; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 322. 1939, et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 457. 1979; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报1: 75. 图版2. 图3. 1955; 东北植物检索表231. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 915. 图3560. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 97. 图版37, 图1-6. 1977; 内蒙古植物志4: 119. 图55. 图5. 1979; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 130. 1988.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高5-9厘米，果期高可达17厘米，花期通常宿存去年残叶。根状茎稍粗壮，垂直或斜生，长1-4厘米或更长，生多条白色细根。叶数枚，基生；叶片卵状心形、心形或椭圆状心形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1-2厘米，果期叶片较大，长2.5-6厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部浅心形或心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面疏生短柔毛，下面有时几无毛；叶柄具狭翅，长2-7厘米，无毛；托叶1/2与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，边缘疏生细齿。花白色；花梗细，通常高出于叶，无毛，近中部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片椭圆状披针形或狭长圆形，先端钝或尖，基部附属物长2-2.5毫米，末端浅齿裂，具缘毛；侧方花瓣里面近基部稍有须毛，下方花瓣连距长1.5-2厘米，中下部有时具紫色条纹，距管状，长6-7毫米，稍向上弯，末端钝圆；子房无毛，花柱基部稍向前膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方具较宽的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具微上向的柱头孔。蒴果卵形，长6-8毫米，无毛。花果期5-8月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古（大青山）、河北、甘肃（兰州）。生于阔叶林、针叶林林下及林缘、石砾地等处。模式标本采自河北承德。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola mongolica Franchet
蒙古堇菜 meng gu jin cai
Viola hebeiensis J. W. Wang & T. G. Ma; V. yamatsutae Ishidoya ex Kitagawa; V. yezoensis Maximowicz var. hebeiensis (J. W. Wang & T. G. Ma) J. W. Wang & J. Yang ["hopeiensis"].
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, to 15 cm tall. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, 0.5-2 cm, robust, to 0.5 cm thick, with numerous brownish robust roots. Leaves basal; stipules greenish, 1/2 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, margin sparsely and shortly fimbriate-dentate, apex acute; petiole 3-4 cm, to 12 cm at fruiting, puberulous, narrowly winged; blade ovate or long ovate, 2-5 × 3-4 cm, to 8 × 4.5 cm at fruiting, both surfaces puberulous, base deeply cordate, sometimes shallowly cordate, margin shallowly serrate, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers white, throat yellowish green, long pedicellate; pedicels robust, usually exceeding leaves, 6-8 cm, puberulous, 2-bracteolate in or above middle; bracteoles linear, 1-1.5 cm, margin sparsely pilose. Sepals lanceolate, usually pilose, 1.1-1.3 cm (basal auricles included), 3-4 mm wide, apex acute; basal auricles conspicuous, 3-4 mm, apex deeply or shallowly emarginate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 × 0.8 cm, base narrowed and clawed, lateral ones oblong-obovate, ca. 1.3 × 0.6 cm, sparsely bearded and yellowish at throat, anterior one 1.8-2 cm (spur included), with 5-7 dark veins, apex obtuse; spur cylindric, robust, 5-7 mm, ca. 2.5 mm thick, apex obtuse, usually curved upward or straight. Anthers subequaling membranous apical appendages of connectives, ca. 2 mm; spur of anterior stamens narrowly linear, ca. 5 mm, usually curved near apex. Ovary glabrous; styles usually erect at base, thicker in upper part; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides and behind, shortly and thickly beaked in front, with a larger stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule oblong, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Oct.
● Broad-leaved forests, thickets on mountains, grasslands on mountain slopes; (200-)800-2800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
In FRPS (51: 44. 1991), the name Viola yezoensis Maximowicz was misapplied to this species.