白花堇菜Viola lactiflora Nakai
白花堇菜Viola lactiflora Nakai
48. 白花堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）宽叶白花堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）图版14: 8-14
Viola lactiflora Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 329. 1914; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 321. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 455. 1979; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 255, 262. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 80. 1955; 东北植物检索表230. 1959; 东北草本植物志6: 115. 1977; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编 2: 521. 1983; 云南种子植物名录 上册206. 1984; ——V. limprichtiana W Beck in Bot. Jahrb. 54 Beibl. 120: 185. 1917 et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 440. 1922; ——V. patrinii acut. non DC. ex Ging.: Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 26: 125. 1912.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高10-18厘米。根状茎稍粗，垂直或斜生，上部具短而密的节，散生数条淡褐色长根。叶多数，均基生；叶片长三角形或长圆形，下部者长2-3厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，上部者长4-5厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端钝，基部明显浅心形或截形，有时稍呈戟形，边缘具钝圆齿，两面无毛，下面叶脉明显隆起；叶柄长1-6厘米，无翅，下部者较短，上部者较长；托叶明显，淡绿色或略呈褐色，近膜质，中部以上与叶柄合生，合生部分宽约4毫米，离生部分线状披针形，边缘疏生细齿或全缘。花白色，中等大，长1.5-1.9厘米；花梗不超出或稍超出于叶，在中部或中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形或宽披针形，长5-7毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物短而明显，末端截形，具钝齿或全缘，边缘狭膜质，具3脉；花瓣倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面有明显的须毛，下方花瓣较宽，先端无微缺，末端具明显的筒状距；距长4-5毫米，粗约3毫米，末端圆；花药长约2毫米，与药隔顶端附属物近等长，下方2枚雄蕊背部的距呈短角状，长约2.5毫米，末端渐细；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部细，稍向前膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方稍增厚成狭的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端有较细的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长6-9毫米，无毛，先端常有宿存的花柱。种子卵球形，长约1.5毫米，呈淡褐色。
产辽宁省南部、江苏、浙江（西天目山）、江西（庐山）、四川（南川）、云南西南部。西南地区多生于海拔1500-1900米的针叶林或针阔混交林林缘及山坡草地，东北地区生于草地或草坡。朝鲜南部及日本也有分布。
本种与紫花地丁 V. philippica Cav. 近似，但花呈乳白色，下方花瓣具较短而粗的筒状距，叶片三角形或长三角形，通常无毛，基部浅心形或截形、叶柄无翅可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola lactiflora Nakai
白花堇菜 bai hua jin cai
Viola limprichtiana W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 10-18 cm tall. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, slightly robust, shortly and densely noded, with several, scattered, long, yellowish roots. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules conspicuous, greenish or brownish, submembranous, adnate to petiole above middle, free part linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm wide, margin remotely denticulate or entire; petiole 1-6 cm, wingless, those of lower leaves shorter, those of upper leaves longer; leaf blade narrowly triangular or oblong, those of lower leaves 2-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, those of upper leaves 4-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base shallowly cordate or truncate, sometimes slightly hastate, margin obtusely crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers white, medium-sized, 1.5-1.9 cm; pedicels not or slightly exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at or above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-7 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles short and conspicuous, margin narrowly membranous, 3-veined, margin obtusely dentate or entire, apex truncate. Petals obovate, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one broader, apex not emarginate; spur cylindric, 4-5 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., apex rounded. Anthers ca. 2 mm, subequaling appendage of connectives; spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex gradually smaller. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, base slender, slightly geniculate forward, gradually thickened upward; stigmas slightly thickened on lateral sides and abaxially and narrowly margined, shortly beaked in front, with a smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 6-9 mm, glabrous, apex often with persistent styles. Seeds brownish, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr. 2n = 48.
Grassy slopes or wasteland; below 500 m. Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Liaoning, Zhejiang [Japan (?naturalized), Korea].
别名：阔叶白花堇;乳白花堇菜;宽叶白花堇菜;阔叶白花堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
48. 白花堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）宽叶白花堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）图版14: 8-14
Viola lactiflora Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 329. 1914; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 321. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 455. 1979; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 255, 262. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 80. 1955; 东北植物检索表230. 1959; 东北草本植物志6: 115. 1977; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编 2: 521. 1983; 云南种子植物名录 上册206. 1984; ——V. limprichtiana W Beck in Bot. Jahrb. 54 Beibl. 120: 185. 1917 et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 440. 1922; ——V. patrinii acut. non DC. ex Ging.: Matsuda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 26: 125. 1912.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高10-18厘米。根状茎稍粗，垂直或斜生，上部具短而密的节，散生数条淡褐色长根。叶多数，均基生；叶片长三角形或长圆形，下部者长2-3厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，上部者长4-5厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端钝，基部明显浅心形或截形，有时稍呈戟形，边缘具钝圆齿，两面无毛，下面叶脉明显隆起；叶柄长1-6厘米，无翅，下部者较短，上部者较长；托叶明显，淡绿色或略呈褐色，近膜质，中部以上与叶柄合生，合生部分宽约4毫米，离生部分线状披针形，边缘疏生细齿或全缘。花白色，中等大，长1.5-1.9厘米；花梗不超出或稍超出于叶，在中部或中部以上有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形或宽披针形，长5-7毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物短而明显，末端截形，具钝齿或全缘，边缘狭膜质，具3脉；花瓣倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面有明显的须毛，下方花瓣较宽，先端无微缺，末端具明显的筒状距；距长4-5毫米，粗约3毫米，末端圆；花药长约2毫米，与药隔顶端附属物近等长，下方2枚雄蕊背部的距呈短角状，长约2.5毫米，末端渐细；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部细，稍向前膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方稍增厚成狭的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端有较细的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长6-9毫米，无毛，先端常有宿存的花柱。种子卵球形，长约1.5毫米，呈淡褐色。
产辽宁省南部、江苏、浙江（西天目山）、江西（庐山）、四川（南川）、云南西南部。西南地区多生于海拔1500-1900米的针叶林或针阔混交林林缘及山坡草地，东北地区生于草地或草坡。朝鲜南部及日本也有分布。
本种与紫花地丁 V. philippica Cav. 近似，但花呈乳白色，下方花瓣具较短而粗的筒状距，叶片三角形或长三角形，通常无毛，基部浅心形或截形、叶柄无翅可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola lactiflora Nakai
白花堇菜 bai hua jin cai
Viola limprichtiana W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 10-18 cm tall. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, slightly robust, shortly and densely noded, with several, scattered, long, yellowish roots. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules conspicuous, greenish or brownish, submembranous, adnate to petiole above middle, free part linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm wide, margin remotely denticulate or entire; petiole 1-6 cm, wingless, those of lower leaves shorter, those of upper leaves longer; leaf blade narrowly triangular or oblong, those of lower leaves 2-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, those of upper leaves 4-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base shallowly cordate or truncate, sometimes slightly hastate, margin obtusely crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers white, medium-sized, 1.5-1.9 cm; pedicels not or slightly exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at or above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-7 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles short and conspicuous, margin narrowly membranous, 3-veined, margin obtusely dentate or entire, apex truncate. Petals obovate, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one broader, apex not emarginate; spur cylindric, 4-5 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., apex rounded. Anthers ca. 2 mm, subequaling appendage of connectives; spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex gradually smaller. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, base slender, slightly geniculate forward, gradually thickened upward; stigmas slightly thickened on lateral sides and abaxially and narrowly margined, shortly beaked in front, with a smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 6-9 mm, glabrous, apex often with persistent styles. Seeds brownish, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr. 2n = 48.
Grassy slopes or wasteland; below 500 m. Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Liaoning, Zhejiang [Japan (?naturalized), Korea].