光叶堇菜Viola hossei W. Beck.
光叶堇菜Viola hossei W. Beck.
79. 光叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola hossei W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 257. 1916 et l. c. 40 (2): 108. 1923; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 242, 260. 1949; 海南植物志1: 361. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴2. 906. 图3542. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册206. 1984.
多年生草本，无地上茎。根状茎长1-1.8厘米，粗1.5-2.5毫米，有明显的节间，节上残留褐色托叶。匍匐枝纤细，长15-20厘米，长者可达40厘米，无毛，有不定根。叶基生或互生于匍匐枝上；叶片三角状卵形或长圆状卵形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，通常靠近叶基处最宽，先端长急尖，基部深心形，边缘密生浅锯齿或稀具浅圆齿，齿端具腺，体，两面无毛或疏生白色短毛并有褐色腺点，上面深绿色或暗绿色，下面淡绿色；叶柄长短不等，长2-9厘米，上端具狭翅；托叶深褐色，离生，线状披针形，长7-15毫米，边缘具长流苏状齿。花淡紫色或紫色；花梗通常不超出于叶，中部或稍上部有2枚线形小苞片；小苞片对生，稀互生，长3-8毫米；萼片线状披针形，长5-6毫米，先端尖，基部附属物甚短，长仅0.5毫米，末端平截，具3脉，有锈色腺点，边缘膜质；花瓣长圆状卵形，长8-10毫米，宽约3毫米，侧瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约7毫米；距短呈囊状，长约1.5毫米，粗约2毫米；下方2枚雄蕊的距短而宽，呈短角状，通常与花药近等长；子房卵球形，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上逐渐增粗，柱头两侧增厚成直展而明显的缘边，前方具直立的短喙，喙端具较细的柱头孔。蒴果较小，近球形，长5-7毫米，有褐色锈点。种子小，球形，直径约0.5毫米。花期在春夏两季，果实于夏秋时成熟。
产江西、湖南、广西、海南、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔2000米以下的阴蔽林下、林缘、溪畔、沟边岩石缝隙中。缅甸、泰国、越南、马来西亚也有分布。
本种与匍匐堇菜 V. pilosa Blume 相似，但本种子房无毛，柱头顶部两侧增厚成明显而直展的缘边；叶柄具窄翅，无毛，叶片先端钝等易于区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola sumatrana Miquel
光叶堇菜 guang ye jin cai
Viola hossei W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome 1-20 cm, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam., with brown remains of stipules at nodes. Stolon 15-20 cm, longest to 40 cm, slender, glabrous, producing adventitious roots. Leaves basal or alternate on stolon; stipules free, deep brown, linear-lanceolate, 7-15 mm, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petioles unequal in length, 2-9 cm, narrowly winged in upper part, puberulous or glabrescent; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially deep green or dark green, triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-5 × 1.5-3 cm, usually broadest near base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely white puberulous and dotlike brown glandular, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly serrate or shallowly crenate, glandular at apices of teeth, apex long acuminate. Flowers violet to light purple or white; pedicels usually not exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at or slightly above middle; bracteoles opposite, rarely alternate, 3-8 mm. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, apex acute; appendages very short, only ca. 0.5 mm, 3-veined, dotlike rusty glandular, margin membranous, apex truncate. Petals oblong-ovate, 8-10 × ca. 3 mm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one shorter, ca. 7 mm (spur included); spur saccate, short, ca. 1.5 mm, usually twice as long as calycine appendages; spur of 2 anterior stamens short, wide, shortly angular, usually subequaling anthers. Ovary ovoid-globose; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas thickened and conspicuously margined on lateral sides, margin spreading, shortly beaked in front, beak erect, with a smaller stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid, small, 5-7 mm, dotlike brown rusty glandular. Seeds globose, small, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Fl. spring-summer, fr. summer-autumn. 2n = 46.
Shaded forests, forest margins, streamsides, rock crevices along streamsides; below 2400 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
79. 光叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola hossei W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 257. 1916 et l. c. 40 (2): 108. 1923; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 242, 260. 1949; 海南植物志1: 361. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴2. 906. 图3542. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册206. 1984.
多年生草本，无地上茎。根状茎长1-1.8厘米，粗1.5-2.5毫米，有明显的节间，节上残留褐色托叶。匍匐枝纤细，长15-20厘米，长者可达40厘米，无毛，有不定根。叶基生或互生于匍匐枝上；叶片三角状卵形或长圆状卵形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，通常靠近叶基处最宽，先端长急尖，基部深心形，边缘密生浅锯齿或稀具浅圆齿，齿端具腺，体，两面无毛或疏生白色短毛并有褐色腺点，上面深绿色或暗绿色，下面淡绿色；叶柄长短不等，长2-9厘米，上端具狭翅；托叶深褐色，离生，线状披针形，长7-15毫米，边缘具长流苏状齿。花淡紫色或紫色；花梗通常不超出于叶，中部或稍上部有2枚线形小苞片；小苞片对生，稀互生，长3-8毫米；萼片线状披针形，长5-6毫米，先端尖，基部附属物甚短，长仅0.5毫米，末端平截，具3脉，有锈色腺点，边缘膜质；花瓣长圆状卵形，长8-10毫米，宽约3毫米，侧瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约7毫米；距短呈囊状，长约1.5毫米，粗约2毫米；下方2枚雄蕊的距短而宽，呈短角状，通常与花药近等长；子房卵球形，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上逐渐增粗，柱头两侧增厚成直展而明显的缘边，前方具直立的短喙，喙端具较细的柱头孔。蒴果较小，近球形，长5-7毫米，有褐色锈点。种子小，球形，直径约0.5毫米。花期在春夏两季，果实于夏秋时成熟。
产江西、湖南、广西、海南、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔2000米以下的阴蔽林下、林缘、溪畔、沟边岩石缝隙中。缅甸、泰国、越南、马来西亚也有分布。
本种与匍匐堇菜 V. pilosa Blume 相似，但本种子房无毛，柱头顶部两侧增厚成明显而直展的缘边；叶柄具窄翅，无毛，叶片先端钝等易于区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola sumatrana Miquel
光叶堇菜 guang ye jin cai
Viola hossei W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome 1-20 cm, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam., with brown remains of stipules at nodes. Stolon 15-20 cm, longest to 40 cm, slender, glabrous, producing adventitious roots. Leaves basal or alternate on stolon; stipules free, deep brown, linear-lanceolate, 7-15 mm, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petioles unequal in length, 2-9 cm, narrowly winged in upper part, puberulous or glabrescent; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially deep green or dark green, triangular-ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-5 × 1.5-3 cm, usually broadest near base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely white puberulous and dotlike brown glandular, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly serrate or shallowly crenate, glandular at apices of teeth, apex long acuminate. Flowers violet to light purple or white; pedicels usually not exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at or slightly above middle; bracteoles opposite, rarely alternate, 3-8 mm. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, apex acute; appendages very short, only ca. 0.5 mm, 3-veined, dotlike rusty glandular, margin membranous, apex truncate. Petals oblong-ovate, 8-10 × ca. 3 mm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one shorter, ca. 7 mm (spur included); spur saccate, short, ca. 1.5 mm, usually twice as long as calycine appendages; spur of 2 anterior stamens short, wide, shortly angular, usually subequaling anthers. Ovary ovoid-globose; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas thickened and conspicuously margined on lateral sides, margin spreading, shortly beaked in front, beak erect, with a smaller stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid, small, 5-7 mm, dotlike brown rusty glandular. Seeds globose, small, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Fl. spring-summer, fr. summer-autumn. 2n = 46.
Shaded forests, forest margins, streamsides, rock crevices along streamsides; below 2400 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].