紫叶堇菜Viola hediniana W. Beck.
紫叶堇菜Viola hediniana W. Beck.
106. 紫叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola hediniana W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 262. 1916 et l. c. 36 (2): 39. 1918; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 233. 1949. Pro Syn. ——V. henryi auct. non. H. de Boiss.: Chang, l. c. 1: 233. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 909, 图3574. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编2: 512. 1983.
多年生草本。根状茎短而稍粗，横卧或斜生，略带白色，有多数细根。地上茎通常不分枝，高25-30厘米，细弱，直立，无毛，下部无叶。基生叶1-2枚或缺，具长柄；茎生叶下部者具短柄，上部者几无柄或无柄；叶片卵状披针形，长3-7厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端长渐尖，基部浅心形或圆形，边缘具钝圆齿，上面暗绿色，散生短毛或近无毛，下面无毛；托叶小，草质，离生，卵状披针形或披针形，长3-5毫米，边缘具疏齿。花黄色，单生于上部叶腋；花梗细，直立，稍短于叶，近中部有2枚钻形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，先端尖，基部附属物极不明显，末端截形；上方花瓣及侧方花瓣长圆形，长8-12毫米，宽3-4毫米，侧方花瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣三角状倒卵形，连距长约1.3厘米，基部暗黄色；距圆筒状，长5-6毫米，粗1.5-2毫米；下方雄蕊的距细，呈圆筒状，长2-2.5毫米；子房光滑无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，向上明显增粗，上半部2裂，裂片卵形，先端尖。蒴果椭圆形，长约6毫米，无毛。花期5-6月，果期6-8月。
产四川、云南西北部（碧江）。生于海拔1500-4000米山地林下、林缘、草坡或岩缝潮湿处。模式标本（Wilson 3220）采自中国西部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola hediniana W. Becker
紫叶堇菜 zi ye jin cai
Herbs perennial. Rhizome procumbent or obliquely ascending, whitish, short, slightly robust, with numerous rootlets. Stems erect, 25-30 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaves 1 or 2 or absent, long petiolate; lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate, upper one subsessile or sessile; stipules free, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, small, 3-5 mm, herbaceous, margin remotely dentate; leaf blade dark green adaxially, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base shallowly cordate or rounded, margin crenate, apex long acuminate. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils, yellow; pedicels erect, slightly shorter than leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles subulate. Sepals linear, ca. 5 × 0.5-1 mm, apex acute, basal auricles very inconspicuous, apex truncate. Upper and lateral petals oblong, 8-12 × 3-4 mm, lateral ones inside not barbate, anterior one triangular-obovate, ca. 1.3 cm (spur included), base dark yellow; spur cylindric, 5-6 mm, 1.5-2 mm in diam.; spur of anterior stamens cylindric, 2-2.5 mm, slender. Ovary smooth, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, conspicuously thickened upward, 2-lobed in upper half, lobes ovate, apex acute. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, moist rock crevices; 1500-3500 m. W Hubei, Sichuan.
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
106. 紫叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola hediniana W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 262. 1916 et l. c. 36 (2): 39. 1918; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 233. 1949. Pro Syn. ——V. henryi auct. non. H. de Boiss.: Chang, l. c. 1: 233. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 909, 图3574. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴 补编2: 512. 1983.
多年生草本。根状茎短而稍粗，横卧或斜生，略带白色，有多数细根。地上茎通常不分枝，高25-30厘米，细弱，直立，无毛，下部无叶。基生叶1-2枚或缺，具长柄；茎生叶下部者具短柄，上部者几无柄或无柄；叶片卵状披针形，长3-7厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端长渐尖，基部浅心形或圆形，边缘具钝圆齿，上面暗绿色，散生短毛或近无毛，下面无毛；托叶小，草质，离生，卵状披针形或披针形，长3-5毫米，边缘具疏齿。花黄色，单生于上部叶腋；花梗细，直立，稍短于叶，近中部有2枚钻形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，先端尖，基部附属物极不明显，末端截形；上方花瓣及侧方花瓣长圆形，长8-12毫米，宽3-4毫米，侧方花瓣里面无须毛，下方花瓣三角状倒卵形，连距长约1.3厘米，基部暗黄色；距圆筒状，长5-6毫米，粗1.5-2毫米；下方雄蕊的距细，呈圆筒状，长2-2.5毫米；子房光滑无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，向上明显增粗，上半部2裂，裂片卵形，先端尖。蒴果椭圆形，长约6毫米，无毛。花期5-6月，果期6-8月。
产四川、云南西北部（碧江）。生于海拔1500-4000米山地林下、林缘、草坡或岩缝潮湿处。模式标本（Wilson 3220）采自中国西部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola hediniana W. Becker
紫叶堇菜 zi ye jin cai
Herbs perennial. Rhizome procumbent or obliquely ascending, whitish, short, slightly robust, with numerous rootlets. Stems erect, 25-30 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaves 1 or 2 or absent, long petiolate; lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate, upper one subsessile or sessile; stipules free, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, small, 3-5 mm, herbaceous, margin remotely dentate; leaf blade dark green adaxially, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base shallowly cordate or rounded, margin crenate, apex long acuminate. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils, yellow; pedicels erect, slightly shorter than leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles subulate. Sepals linear, ca. 5 × 0.5-1 mm, apex acute, basal auricles very inconspicuous, apex truncate. Upper and lateral petals oblong, 8-12 × 3-4 mm, lateral ones inside not barbate, anterior one triangular-obovate, ca. 1.3 cm (spur included), base dark yellow; spur cylindric, 5-6 mm, 1.5-2 mm in diam.; spur of anterior stamens cylindric, 2-2.5 mm, slender. Ovary smooth, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, conspicuously thickened upward, 2-lobed in upper half, lobes ovate, apex acute. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, moist rock crevices; 1500-3500 m. W Hubei, Sichuan.