溪堇菜Viola epipsila Ledeb.
溪堇菜Viola epipsila Ledeb.
18. 溪堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）图版7: 1-4
Viola epipsila Ledeb. Ind. sem. Hort. Dorpat. 5: 1820; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 247. 1842; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 61. 1905; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 405. 1917; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 404. 1949; 东北草本植物志6: 89. 图版33, 图1-2 1977. ——V. repens Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11: 88. 1838, nom. nud. ; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 49. 1859; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 405. 1949; Maek. in Hara Enum. Sperm. Jap. 3: 214. 1954; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 74. 1955; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 458. 1979. ——V. palustris L. var. epipsila (Ledeb.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 323. 1877. et in Mel. Biol. 9: 733. 1877.——V. epipsila Ledeb. subsp. repens (Turcz.) W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl 34 (2): 406. 1917; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 320. 1939. ——V. epipsila Ledeb subsp. palustraides W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 72. 1921 et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 146. 1923.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高达5-20厘米。根状茎细长而横走，或有时斜生，白色，节间较长，节上有残留的褐色托叶，节处散生多条分枝细根。叶基生，通常多为2枚，有时3枚；叶片宽卵形，圆形或肾形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端急尖或略钝，基部深心形，边缘具浅圆齿，上面无毛，下面初期或多或少被柔毛，后渐变无毛或仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛；叶柄在花期长2-5厘米，果期长达10厘米，有极狭的翅或无翅；托叶离生，卵状披针形，长约8毫米，白色膜质，先端渐尖，全缘或有时具2-3细齿。花紫色或淡紫色；花梗较粗壮，不超过或稍超出于叶，上部约1/3处有2枚线形小苞片；萼片卵状披针形，长约4毫米，具狭膜质缘，基部附属物短，末端截形；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面疏生微毛，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，连距长1.5-1.8厘米；距短而粗，长约3毫米，平直或微向上弯，下方雄蕊之距短于花药，长约3毫米；子房无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶部两侧及后方具肥厚的缘边，呈钉帽状，前方有斜生的短绢，喙端有较宽的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，无毛，先端稍尖。2n=24。
产黑龙江、吉林。生于针叶林下、林缘，灌丛，草地或溪谷湿地苔藓群落中。朝鲜、日本、苏联及欧洲亦有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola epipsiloides A. L?ve & D. L?ve
溪堇菜 xi jin cai
Viola repens Turczaninow ex Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1(2,3) [Fl. Ochot.]: 18. 1856, not Schweinitz (1822).
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-20 cm tall. Rhizome creeping, long and white, with remains of brown stipules. Leaves basal, usually 2, sometimes 3; stipules free, white, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, membranous, margin entire or sometimes 2- or 3-denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-5 cm at anthesis, to 10 cm in fruit, very narrowly winged or wingless; leaf blade broadly ovate, orbicular, or reniform, 1.5-2.5 × 2-3 cm, abaxially ± puberulous, later glabrescent or sparsely puberulous only along veins, adaxially glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers purple or purplish; pedicels not or slightly exceeding leaves, robust, with 2 linear bracteoles in upper part. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, margin narrowly membranous, basal auricles short, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, lateral ones sparsely bearded, anterior one purple-striate, 1.5-1.8 cm (spur included); spur short, ca. 3 mm, robust, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward; spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter than anthers, ca. 3 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, gradually thickened upward; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and at apex, very shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule 5-10 mm, ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acuminate. Fl. May, fr. Jun. 2n = 24.
Needle-leaved forests, in moist and boggy places, usually along streams. 400-1300 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, N Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
In FRPS (51: 38. 1991), the name Viola epipsila Ledebour was misapplied to this species.
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
18. 溪堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）图版7: 1-4
Viola epipsila Ledeb. Ind. sem. Hort. Dorpat. 5: 1820; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 247. 1842; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 61. 1905; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 405. 1917; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 404. 1949; 东北草本植物志6: 89. 图版33, 图1-2 1977. ——V. repens Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11: 88. 1838, nom. nud. ; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 49. 1859; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 405. 1949; Maek. in Hara Enum. Sperm. Jap. 3: 214. 1954; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 74. 1955; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 458. 1979. ——V. palustris L. var. epipsila (Ledeb.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 323. 1877. et in Mel. Biol. 9: 733. 1877.——V. epipsila Ledeb. subsp. repens (Turcz.) W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl 34 (2): 406. 1917; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 320. 1939. ——V. epipsila Ledeb subsp. palustraides W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 72. 1921 et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 146. 1923.
多年生草本，无地上茎，高达5-20厘米。根状茎细长而横走，或有时斜生，白色，节间较长，节上有残留的褐色托叶，节处散生多条分枝细根。叶基生，通常多为2枚，有时3枚；叶片宽卵形，圆形或肾形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端急尖或略钝，基部深心形，边缘具浅圆齿，上面无毛，下面初期或多或少被柔毛，后渐变无毛或仅沿叶脉疏生柔毛；叶柄在花期长2-5厘米，果期长达10厘米，有极狭的翅或无翅；托叶离生，卵状披针形，长约8毫米，白色膜质，先端渐尖，全缘或有时具2-3细齿。花紫色或淡紫色；花梗较粗壮，不超过或稍超出于叶，上部约1/3处有2枚线形小苞片；萼片卵状披针形，长约4毫米，具狭膜质缘，基部附属物短，末端截形；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，侧方花瓣里面疏生微毛，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，连距长1.5-1.8厘米；距短而粗，长约3毫米，平直或微向上弯，下方雄蕊之距短于花药，长约3毫米；子房无毛，花柱基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头顶部两侧及后方具肥厚的缘边，呈钉帽状，前方有斜生的短绢，喙端有较宽的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，无毛，先端稍尖。2n=24。
产黑龙江、吉林。生于针叶林下、林缘，灌丛，草地或溪谷湿地苔藓群落中。朝鲜、日本、苏联及欧洲亦有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola epipsiloides A. L?ve & D. L?ve
溪堇菜 xi jin cai
Viola repens Turczaninow ex Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1(2,3) [Fl. Ochot.]: 18. 1856, not Schweinitz (1822).
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-20 cm tall. Rhizome creeping, long and white, with remains of brown stipules. Leaves basal, usually 2, sometimes 3; stipules free, white, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, membranous, margin entire or sometimes 2- or 3-denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-5 cm at anthesis, to 10 cm in fruit, very narrowly winged or wingless; leaf blade broadly ovate, orbicular, or reniform, 1.5-2.5 × 2-3 cm, abaxially ± puberulous, later glabrescent or sparsely puberulous only along veins, adaxially glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers purple or purplish; pedicels not or slightly exceeding leaves, robust, with 2 linear bracteoles in upper part. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, margin narrowly membranous, basal auricles short, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, lateral ones sparsely bearded, anterior one purple-striate, 1.5-1.8 cm (spur included); spur short, ca. 3 mm, robust, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward; spur of 2 anterior stamens shorter than anthers, ca. 3 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base, gradually thickened upward; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and at apex, very shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule 5-10 mm, ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acuminate. Fl. May, fr. Jun. 2n = 24.
Needle-leaved forests, in moist and boggy places, usually along streams. 400-1300 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, N Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
In FRPS (51: 38. 1991), the name Viola epipsila Ledebour was misapplied to this species.