裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta Ledeb.
裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta Ledeb.
61．裂叶堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）深裂叶堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称），奥尼图一尼勒一其其格（蒙名）图版17: 11-16
Viola dissecta Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 255. 1829 et Fl. Ross. 1: 244. 1842; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 320. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 453. 1979; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 432. t. 20. f. 5. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 85. 图版1, 图16. 1955; 东北植物检索表227. 1959; 东北草本植物志6: 116. 图版45, 图1-3. 1977; 北京植物志 上册589. 1984; 中国沙漠植物志2: 386. 图版137, 图7. 1987; 汪劲武, 植物研究8 (2): 127. 1988.——V. pinnata L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 934, 1753 p. p. quoad pl. sibir.: Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 256. 1829 et Fl. Ross. 1: 243. 1842. ——V. pinnata L. var. sibirica Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 292. 1824. ——V. pinnata L. var. drssecta Turcz. Fl. Baic. Dahur. 1: 178. 1842. ——V. pinnata L. var. dissecta (Ledeb.) Regel lus. Glabra et pubescens Regel Pl. Radd. 1: 222. 1861. ——V. pinnata L. subsp. multifida W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 439. 1922 et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 123. 1923. cum var. latisecta W. Beck. et var. angustisecta W. Beck. ——V. dissecta Ledeb. var. pubescens (Regel) Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. March. 2: 296. 1938 et Fl. Lineam. Mansh. 320. 1939.——V. dissecta Ledeb. f. pubescens (Regel) Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 34: 7. 1959 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 454. 1979.
多年生草本，无地上茎，植株高度变化大，花期高3-17厘米，果期高4-34厘米。根状茎垂直，缩短，长约5-12毫米，粗3-8毫米，节密，常自下部发出数条较肥厚的淡黄色，根。基生叶叶片轮廓呈圆形、肾形或宽卵形，长1.2-9厘米，宽1.5-10厘米，通常3，稀5全裂，两侧裂片具短柄，常2深裂，中裂片3深裂，裂片线形、长圆形或狭卵状披针形，宽0.2-3厘米，边缘全缘或疏生不整齐缺刻状钝齿，亦或近羽状浅裂，最终裂片全缘，通常有细缘毛，幼叶两面被白色短柔毛，后变无毛或仅上面疏生短柔毛，下面叶脉明显隆起并被短柔毛或无毛；叶柄长度、毛被物等常因植株个体不同变化较大，长1.5-24厘米，幼叶之柄常被短柔毛，后变秃净无毛；托叶近膜质，苍白色至淡绿色，约2/3以上与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，先端渐尖，边缘疏生细齿。花较大，淡紫色至紫堇色；花梗通常与叶等长或稍超出于叶，果期通常比叶短，有毛或无毛；在花梗中部以下有2枚线形小苞片；萼片卵形，长圆状卵形或披针形，长4-7毫米，先端稍尖，边缘狭膜质，具3脉，基部附属物短，长约1-1.5毫米，末端截形，全缘或具1-2个细齿；上方花瓣长倒卵形，长8-13毫米，宽6-9毫米，上部微向上反曲，侧方花瓣长圆状倒卵形，长7-10毫米，宽约6毫米，里面基部有长须毛或疏生须毛，下方花瓣连距长1.4-2.2厘米；距明显，圆筒形，长4-8毫米，粗2-3毫米，末端钝而稍膨胀；花药长1.5-2毫米，药隔顶端附属物长1.5-2毫米，下方雄蕊之距细长，长3-5毫米，粗0.5-0.7毫米；子房卵球形，长约1.8毫米，无毛，花柱棍棒状，长2-2.5毫米，基部稍细并微向前方膝曲，柱头两侧及后方具稍增厚而直展的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具明显的柱头孔。蒴果长圆形或椭圆形，长7-18毫米，先端尖，果皮坚、硬，无毛。花期较长，自4月至9月，果期5-10月。2n=24。
产吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、浙江、四川、西藏。生于山坡草地、杂木林缘、灌丛下及田边、路旁等地。朝鲜、蒙古、苏联远东地区、西伯利亚及中亚地区有分布。
本种生长在低海拔地区林缘或林下较肥沃而湿润土壤上的植株较高大，叶的裂片较宽，花大；在海拔1500-2200米的山地草原生长的植株通常较低矮，叶的裂片狭而细，花亦小。其高大类型与南山堇菜 V. chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck. 相近似，但本种花较小，呈淡紫色或紫堇色，萼片的附属物极短，叶裂片在果期通常呈厚纸质，深绿色，下面的叶脉明显隆起可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola dissecta Ledebour
裂叶堇菜 lie ye jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, highly variable in height, 3-17 cm tall at anthesis, 4-34 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 5-12 mm, 3-8 mm in diam., densely noded, often producing from lower part several thicker yellowish roots. Stipules of basal leaves glaucous to greenish, over 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part narrowly lanceolate, submembranous, margin remotely denticulate, apex acuminate; petioles highly variable in length and indumentum, 1.5-24 cm, those of young leaves often pubescent, glabrescent; blades of basal leaves orbicular, reniform, or broadly ovate, 1.2-9 × 1.5-10 cm, both surfaces white pubescent, later glabrescent or sparsely pubescent only adaxially, veins conspicuously raised and pubescent or glabrous abaxially, usually 3-, rarely 5-sect, segments linear, oblong, or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 0.2-3 cm wide, margin entire or sparsely irregularly dentate, or subpinnatilobed, terminal lobes usually minutely ciliate, blade not divided, margin incised. Flowers purplish or purple-violet, large; pedicels usually subequaling or slightly exceeding leaves, usually shorter than leaves at fruiting, hairy or glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate, oblong-ovate, or lanceolate, 4-7 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous, apex ± acute, basal auricles short, 1-1.5 mm, apex truncate, entire or 1- or 2-denticulate. Upper petals narrowly obovate, 8-13 × 6-9 mm, slightly curved upward in upper part, lateral ones oblong-obovate, 7-10 mm × ca. 6 mm, sparsely bearded, anterior one (including spur) 1.4- 2.2 cm; spur conspicuous, cylindric, 4-8 mm, 2-3 mm in diam., apex obtuse and slightly enlarged. Anthers 1.5-2 mm, appendage of connectives 1.5-2 mm, spur of anterior 2 stamens long, 3-5 mm, slender, 0.5-0.7 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous; styles clavate, 2-2.5 mm, slightly slender at base and slightly geniculate forward; stigmas slightly thickened and margined on lateral sides and abaxially, margins spreading, shortly beaked in front, with a conspicuous stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule oblong or ellipsoid, 7-18 mm, apex acute, pericarp hard, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct.
Grasslands in logged forest areas and on mountain slopes, mixed forest margins, thickets, field margins, roadsides; below 3000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
【拼音名】 Liè Yè Jǐn Cài
【别名】 疔毒草
【来源】 堇菜科裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta Ledeb.，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 吉林。
【性味】 微苦，凉。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，消痈肿。主治无名肿毒，疮疖，麻疹热毒。
【用法用量】 2～3钱；外用适量，捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：短毛裂叶堇菜;奥尼图-尼勒-其其格;疔毒草;紫花地丁;裂叶地丁;疗毒草;胡堇菜;亚尔母堂;深裂叶堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
61．裂叶堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）深裂叶堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称），奥尼图一尼勒一其其格（蒙名）图版17: 11-16
Viola dissecta Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 255. 1829 et Fl. Ross. 1: 244. 1842; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 320. 1939 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 453. 1979; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 432. t. 20. f. 5. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 85. 图版1, 图16. 1955; 东北植物检索表227. 1959; 东北草本植物志6: 116. 图版45, 图1-3. 1977; 北京植物志 上册589. 1984; 中国沙漠植物志2: 386. 图版137, 图7. 1987; 汪劲武, 植物研究8 (2): 127. 1988.——V. pinnata L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 934, 1753 p. p. quoad pl. sibir.: Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 256. 1829 et Fl. Ross. 1: 243. 1842. ——V. pinnata L. var. sibirica Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 292. 1824. ——V. pinnata L. var. drssecta Turcz. Fl. Baic. Dahur. 1: 178. 1842. ——V. pinnata L. var. dissecta (Ledeb.) Regel lus. Glabra et pubescens Regel Pl. Radd. 1: 222. 1861. ——V. pinnata L. subsp. multifida W. Beck. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 439. 1922 et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 123. 1923. cum var. latisecta W. Beck. et var. angustisecta W. Beck. ——V. dissecta Ledeb. var. pubescens (Regel) Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. March. 2: 296. 1938 et Fl. Lineam. Mansh. 320. 1939.——V. dissecta Ledeb. f. pubescens (Regel) Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 34: 7. 1959 et Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 454. 1979.
多年生草本，无地上茎，植株高度变化大，花期高3-17厘米，果期高4-34厘米。根状茎垂直，缩短，长约5-12毫米，粗3-8毫米，节密，常自下部发出数条较肥厚的淡黄色，根。基生叶叶片轮廓呈圆形、肾形或宽卵形，长1.2-9厘米，宽1.5-10厘米，通常3，稀5全裂，两侧裂片具短柄，常2深裂，中裂片3深裂，裂片线形、长圆形或狭卵状披针形，宽0.2-3厘米，边缘全缘或疏生不整齐缺刻状钝齿，亦或近羽状浅裂，最终裂片全缘，通常有细缘毛，幼叶两面被白色短柔毛，后变无毛或仅上面疏生短柔毛，下面叶脉明显隆起并被短柔毛或无毛；叶柄长度、毛被物等常因植株个体不同变化较大，长1.5-24厘米，幼叶之柄常被短柔毛，后变秃净无毛；托叶近膜质，苍白色至淡绿色，约2/3以上与叶柄合生，离生部分狭披针形，先端渐尖，边缘疏生细齿。花较大，淡紫色至紫堇色；花梗通常与叶等长或稍超出于叶，果期通常比叶短，有毛或无毛；在花梗中部以下有2枚线形小苞片；萼片卵形，长圆状卵形或披针形，长4-7毫米，先端稍尖，边缘狭膜质，具3脉，基部附属物短，长约1-1.5毫米，末端截形，全缘或具1-2个细齿；上方花瓣长倒卵形，长8-13毫米，宽6-9毫米，上部微向上反曲，侧方花瓣长圆状倒卵形，长7-10毫米，宽约6毫米，里面基部有长须毛或疏生须毛，下方花瓣连距长1.4-2.2厘米；距明显，圆筒形，长4-8毫米，粗2-3毫米，末端钝而稍膨胀；花药长1.5-2毫米，药隔顶端附属物长1.5-2毫米，下方雄蕊之距细长，长3-5毫米，粗0.5-0.7毫米；子房卵球形，长约1.8毫米，无毛，花柱棍棒状，长2-2.5毫米，基部稍细并微向前方膝曲，柱头两侧及后方具稍增厚而直展的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端具明显的柱头孔。蒴果长圆形或椭圆形，长7-18毫米，先端尖，果皮坚、硬，无毛。花期较长，自4月至9月，果期5-10月。2n=24。
产吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、浙江、四川、西藏。生于山坡草地、杂木林缘、灌丛下及田边、路旁等地。朝鲜、蒙古、苏联远东地区、西伯利亚及中亚地区有分布。
本种生长在低海拔地区林缘或林下较肥沃而湿润土壤上的植株较高大，叶的裂片较宽，花大；在海拔1500-2200米的山地草原生长的植株通常较低矮，叶的裂片狭而细，花亦小。其高大类型与南山堇菜 V. chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck. 相近似，但本种花较小，呈淡紫色或紫堇色，萼片的附属物极短，叶裂片在果期通常呈厚纸质，深绿色，下面的叶脉明显隆起可以区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola dissecta Ledebour
裂叶堇菜 lie ye jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, highly variable in height, 3-17 cm tall at anthesis, 4-34 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 5-12 mm, 3-8 mm in diam., densely noded, often producing from lower part several thicker yellowish roots. Stipules of basal leaves glaucous to greenish, over 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part narrowly lanceolate, submembranous, margin remotely denticulate, apex acuminate; petioles highly variable in length and indumentum, 1.5-24 cm, those of young leaves often pubescent, glabrescent; blades of basal leaves orbicular, reniform, or broadly ovate, 1.2-9 × 1.5-10 cm, both surfaces white pubescent, later glabrescent or sparsely pubescent only adaxially, veins conspicuously raised and pubescent or glabrous abaxially, usually 3-, rarely 5-sect, segments linear, oblong, or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 0.2-3 cm wide, margin entire or sparsely irregularly dentate, or subpinnatilobed, terminal lobes usually minutely ciliate, blade not divided, margin incised. Flowers purplish or purple-violet, large; pedicels usually subequaling or slightly exceeding leaves, usually shorter than leaves at fruiting, hairy or glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate, oblong-ovate, or lanceolate, 4-7 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous, apex ± acute, basal auricles short, 1-1.5 mm, apex truncate, entire or 1- or 2-denticulate. Upper petals narrowly obovate, 8-13 × 6-9 mm, slightly curved upward in upper part, lateral ones oblong-obovate, 7-10 mm × ca. 6 mm, sparsely bearded, anterior one (including spur) 1.4- 2.2 cm; spur conspicuous, cylindric, 4-8 mm, 2-3 mm in diam., apex obtuse and slightly enlarged. Anthers 1.5-2 mm, appendage of connectives 1.5-2 mm, spur of anterior 2 stamens long, 3-5 mm, slender, 0.5-0.7 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous; styles clavate, 2-2.5 mm, slightly slender at base and slightly geniculate forward; stigmas slightly thickened and margined on lateral sides and abaxially, margins spreading, shortly beaked in front, with a conspicuous stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule oblong or ellipsoid, 7-18 mm, apex acute, pericarp hard, glabrous. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct.
Grasslands in logged forest areas and on mountain slopes, mixed forest margins, thickets, field margins, roadsides; below 3000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
【拼音名】 Liè Yè Jǐn Cài
【别名】 疔毒草
【来源】 堇菜科裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta Ledeb.，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 吉林。
【性味】 微苦，凉。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，消痈肿。主治无名肿毒，疮疖，麻疹热毒。
【用法用量】 2～3钱；外用适量，捣烂敷患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》