七星莲Viola diffusa Ging.
七星莲Viola diffusa Ging.
83. 七星莲（植物名实图考） 蔓茎堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报），茶匙黄（台湾植物志）
Viola diffusa Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 298. 1824; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 20. 1861; Hook. f. et Thoms. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 183. 1872; Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 9: 735. 1876, et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 325. 1877; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 43. 1884, et l. c. 2: 20. 1888, Pl. Delav. 72. 1889; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 52. 1886; Diels in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 29: 477. 1901; H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boss. 1077. 1901; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 1: 60. 1911; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40(2): 114. 1923; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 129. 1940; Cnang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1(3): 249, 261. 1949; Lin in Taiwania 1: 271. 1950; 海南植物志 1: 360. 1964; Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 212. 1966; Jacobs et D. M. Moore in Fl. Males. 7: 202. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 907. 图3543. 1972; Hsieh Changfu in Fl. Taiwan 3: 773. excl. Pl. 811. 1977; 秦岭植物志 1(3): 315. 图274. 1981; 西藏植物志 3: 292. 1986. ——V. tenuis Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 482. 1842. ——V. kiusiana Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 138. 1902, et l. c. 19: 73. 1905. ——V. diffusa Ging. var. tomentosa W. Beck. l. c. 20(2): 127. 1906. ——V. diffuse Ging. subsp. Tenuis W. Beck. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 19: 714. 1921, p. p. ——V. wilsonii W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 6: 251. 1928, syn. nov. ——V. diffuse Ging. var. brevisepala W. Beck. l. c. 6: 251. 1928, syn. nov.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola diffusa Gingins
七星莲 qi xing lian
Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang; V. diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker; V. diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu; V. diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker; V. diffusa subsp. tenuis (Bentham) W. Becker; V. diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker; V. diffusoides C. J. Wang; V. tenuis Bentham; V. wilsonii W. Becker.
Herbs annual, stiffly hairy or white puberulous throughout, or subglabrous, rarely glabrous, producing stolon at anthesis. Stolon with rosulate leaves at top, usually producing adventitious roots. Rhizome short, with numerous white rootlets and fibrous roots. Basal leaves numerous, fasciculate and rosulate, or alternate on stolon; stipules adnate to petioles at base, 2/3 free, linear-lanceolate, 4-12 mm, margin remotely denticulate or fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-4.5 cm, conspicuously winged, usually puberulous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3.5 × 1-2 cm, both surfaces densely white puberulous on young leaves, later gradually sparsely so, but still densely puberulous along veins and margin, or glabrous, base broadly cuneate or truncate, rarely shallowly cordate, conspicuously decurrent to petiole, margin obtusely dentate and ciliate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Flowers purplish or yellowish, small, long pedicellate, in basal leaf axils and leaf axils of stolon; pedicels 1.5-8.5 cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 4-5.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin sparsely ciliate, apex rounded or remotely denticulate. Lateral petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm, glabrous or shortly bearded, anterior one ca. 6 mm (spur included), conspicuously shorter than other petals, apex acute; spur very short, only ca. 1.5 mm, slightly exserted out of basal auricles of sepals; spur of 2 anterior stamens triangular, short, broad. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate, gradually thickened in upper part; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule oblong, 6-7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, often with persistent styles. Seeds ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 26*, 74*.
Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, rock crevices; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
别名：黄花香;白花犁头草;白地黄瓜;九头草;地黄瓜;筋骨菜;地白草;银茶匙;野白菜;雪里青;小黄瓜香;提脓草;石白菜;地白菜;地蹦草;地消;匐伏堇;黄瓜菜;黄瓜香;黄花菜;黄花草;白草;地白蜡;心叶蔓茎堇菜;七星连;七星草;茶匙黄;犁头菜;蔓生堇菜;岩白菜;天芥菜;葡萄;七堇菜;须毛蔓茎堇;铺地堇菜;黄瓜草;匍匐茎;蔓堇菜;蔓茎紫堇;瓜米草;冷毒草;匍匐堇菜;匍匐堇;毛叶犁头草;蔓茎堇;伏堇菜;王瓜草;蔓茎堇菜;曼茎堇菜;白犁头草;伏地堇;匍伏堇;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
83. 七星莲（植物名实图考） 蔓茎堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报），茶匙黄（台湾植物志）
Viola diffusa Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 298. 1824; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 20. 1861; Hook. f. et Thoms. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 183. 1872; Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 9: 735. 1876, et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 325. 1877; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 43. 1884, et l. c. 2: 20. 1888, Pl. Delav. 72. 1889; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 52. 1886; Diels in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 29: 477. 1901; H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boss. 1077. 1901; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 1: 60. 1911; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40(2): 114. 1923; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 129. 1940; Cnang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1(3): 249, 261. 1949; Lin in Taiwania 1: 271. 1950; 海南植物志 1: 360. 1964; Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 212. 1966; Jacobs et D. M. Moore in Fl. Males. 7: 202. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 907. 图3543. 1972; Hsieh Changfu in Fl. Taiwan 3: 773. excl. Pl. 811. 1977; 秦岭植物志 1(3): 315. 图274. 1981; 西藏植物志 3: 292. 1986. ——V. tenuis Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 482. 1842. ——V. kiusiana Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 138. 1902, et l. c. 19: 73. 1905. ——V. diffusa Ging. var. tomentosa W. Beck. l. c. 20(2): 127. 1906. ——V. diffuse Ging. subsp. Tenuis W. Beck. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 19: 714. 1921, p. p. ——V. wilsonii W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 6: 251. 1928, syn. nov. ——V. diffuse Ging. var. brevisepala W. Beck. l. c. 6: 251. 1928, syn. nov.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola diffusa Gingins
七星莲 qi xing lian
Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang; V. diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker; V. diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu; V. diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker; V. diffusa subsp. tenuis (Bentham) W. Becker; V. diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker; V. diffusoides C. J. Wang; V. tenuis Bentham; V. wilsonii W. Becker.
Herbs annual, stiffly hairy or white puberulous throughout, or subglabrous, rarely glabrous, producing stolon at anthesis. Stolon with rosulate leaves at top, usually producing adventitious roots. Rhizome short, with numerous white rootlets and fibrous roots. Basal leaves numerous, fasciculate and rosulate, or alternate on stolon; stipules adnate to petioles at base, 2/3 free, linear-lanceolate, 4-12 mm, margin remotely denticulate or fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-4.5 cm, conspicuously winged, usually puberulous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3.5 × 1-2 cm, both surfaces densely white puberulous on young leaves, later gradually sparsely so, but still densely puberulous along veins and margin, or glabrous, base broadly cuneate or truncate, rarely shallowly cordate, conspicuously decurrent to petiole, margin obtusely dentate and ciliate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Flowers purplish or yellowish, small, long pedicellate, in basal leaf axils and leaf axils of stolon; pedicels 1.5-8.5 cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 4-5.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin sparsely ciliate, apex rounded or remotely denticulate. Lateral petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm, glabrous or shortly bearded, anterior one ca. 6 mm (spur included), conspicuously shorter than other petals, apex acute; spur very short, only ca. 1.5 mm, slightly exserted out of basal auricles of sepals; spur of 2 anterior stamens triangular, short, broad. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate, gradually thickened in upper part; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule oblong, 6-7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, often with persistent styles. Seeds ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 26*, 74*.
Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, rock crevices; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].