灰叶堇菜Viola delavayi Franch.
灰叶堇菜Viola delavayi Franch.
96. 灰叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola delavayi Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33: 413. 1886, et Pl. Delav. 73. pl. 20, 1889; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 43. 1918; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 382. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. n. s. 1 (3): 235. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 916. 图3562. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册205. 1984. ——V. boissieui Levl. et Maire in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 282. 1913; W. Beck. l. c. 40 (2): 140. 1923. ——V. impatiens Levl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 343. 1914; W. Beck. l. c. 40 (2): 139. 1923.——V. delavayi Franch. var. villosa W. Beck. l. c. 36 (2): 44. 1918.
多年生草本。根状茎短粗，具多数暗褐色纤维状根。地上茎直立，高15-25厘米，细弱，无毛，通常不分枝，下部无叶。基生叶通常1枚或缺，叶片厚纸质，卵形，长3-4厘米，宽约3厘米，先端渐尖，基部心形，具波状锯齿缘，齿端具腺点，上面绿色，无毛，下面苍白色，基部疏生长柔毛，具长达7厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片较基生叶小，宽卵形或三角状卵形，基部浅心形或截形，上部叶卵状披针形；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛或稀被长柔毛；托叶草质，披针形、长圆形或卵形，长0.5-1.3厘米，下部者比叶柄短1-3倍，上部者等长或超出叶柄，全缘或具疏粗齿。花黄色，由上部叶腋抽出，具长梗；花梗较叶片为长，长约1.5-3厘米，近顶部（紧靠花下）有2枚线形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，先端尖，无毛或被疏柔毛，基部附属物很短，呈截形；上方花瓣倒卵形，长约1.2厘米，侧方花瓣长约0.9-1厘米，下方花瓣宽倒卵形，长8-9毫米，宽约5毫米，基部有紫色条纹；距极短，长仅0.5-1毫米，末端钝圆；子房卵形，光滑无毛；花柱下部细，上部增粗，柱头2裂，裂片直伸，宽卵形，顶端圆。蒴果小，卵形或近长圆形，长3-4毫米，与宿存的萼片近等长或稍短。花期6-8月，果期7-8月。
产四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1800-2800米的山地林缘、草坡、溪谷潮湿处。模式标本采自云南大理。
民间以全草入药，能清热解毒；根能治跌打损伤。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola delavayi Franchet
灰叶堇菜 hui ye jin cai
Viola boissieui H. Léveillé & Maire; V. delavayi f. depauperata Diels; V. delavayi var. villosa W. Becker; V. impatiens H. Léveillé.
Herbs perennial. Rhizome short, stout, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems erect, 15-25 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaf usually 1 or absent; petiole to 7 cm; leaf blade abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, ovate, 3-4 × ca. 3 cm, thickly papery, glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous at base, base cordate, margin repand-serrate, apex acuminate. Stipules lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 0.5-1.3 mm, lower ones 1-3 × shorter than petiole, upper ones subequaling or exceeding petiole, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely and large toothed; cauline leaf petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous or rarely villous; cauline leaf blade smaller than those of basal leaves, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, base shallowly cordate or truncate; upper leaf blade ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in leaf axils at top, yellow, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding blades, 1.5-3 cm, 2-bracteolate near top; bracteoles linear. Sepals linear, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, apex acute, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, lateral ones 0.9-1 cm, anterior one broadly obovate, 8-9.5 mm, base purple striate; spur very short, only 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, smooth, glabrous; styles slender in lower part, thickened in upper part; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes spreading, straight, broadly ovate, apex rounded. Capsule ovoid or nearly oblong, small, 3-4 mm, subequaling or slightly shorter than persistent sepals. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forest margins on mountains, grassy slopes, moist places in stream valleys; 1800-2800 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
别名：黄花地丁;踏膀药;黄花地草果;黄花细辛;土细辛;小黄药;具茎黄花堇菜;黄花堇菜;华斗菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
96. 灰叶堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola delavayi Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33: 413. 1886, et Pl. Delav. 73. pl. 20, 1889; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 43. 1918; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 382. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. n. s. 1 (3): 235. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 916. 图3562. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册205. 1984. ——V. boissieui Levl. et Maire in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 282. 1913; W. Beck. l. c. 40 (2): 140. 1923. ——V. impatiens Levl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 343. 1914; W. Beck. l. c. 40 (2): 139. 1923.——V. delavayi Franch. var. villosa W. Beck. l. c. 36 (2): 44. 1918.
多年生草本。根状茎短粗，具多数暗褐色纤维状根。地上茎直立，高15-25厘米，细弱，无毛，通常不分枝，下部无叶。基生叶通常1枚或缺，叶片厚纸质，卵形，长3-4厘米，宽约3厘米，先端渐尖，基部心形，具波状锯齿缘，齿端具腺点，上面绿色，无毛，下面苍白色，基部疏生长柔毛，具长达7厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片较基生叶小，宽卵形或三角状卵形，基部浅心形或截形，上部叶卵状披针形；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛或稀被长柔毛；托叶草质，披针形、长圆形或卵形，长0.5-1.3厘米，下部者比叶柄短1-3倍，上部者等长或超出叶柄，全缘或具疏粗齿。花黄色，由上部叶腋抽出，具长梗；花梗较叶片为长，长约1.5-3厘米，近顶部（紧靠花下）有2枚线形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，先端尖，无毛或被疏柔毛，基部附属物很短，呈截形；上方花瓣倒卵形，长约1.2厘米，侧方花瓣长约0.9-1厘米，下方花瓣宽倒卵形，长8-9毫米，宽约5毫米，基部有紫色条纹；距极短，长仅0.5-1毫米，末端钝圆；子房卵形，光滑无毛；花柱下部细，上部增粗，柱头2裂，裂片直伸，宽卵形，顶端圆。蒴果小，卵形或近长圆形，长3-4毫米，与宿存的萼片近等长或稍短。花期6-8月，果期7-8月。
产四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1800-2800米的山地林缘、草坡、溪谷潮湿处。模式标本采自云南大理。
民间以全草入药，能清热解毒；根能治跌打损伤。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola delavayi Franchet
灰叶堇菜 hui ye jin cai
Viola boissieui H. Léveillé & Maire; V. delavayi f. depauperata Diels; V. delavayi var. villosa W. Becker; V. impatiens H. Léveillé.
Herbs perennial. Rhizome short, stout, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems erect, 15-25 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaf usually 1 or absent; petiole to 7 cm; leaf blade abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, ovate, 3-4 × ca. 3 cm, thickly papery, glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous at base, base cordate, margin repand-serrate, apex acuminate. Stipules lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 0.5-1.3 mm, lower ones 1-3 × shorter than petiole, upper ones subequaling or exceeding petiole, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely and large toothed; cauline leaf petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous or rarely villous; cauline leaf blade smaller than those of basal leaves, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, base shallowly cordate or truncate; upper leaf blade ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in leaf axils at top, yellow, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding blades, 1.5-3 cm, 2-bracteolate near top; bracteoles linear. Sepals linear, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, apex acute, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, lateral ones 0.9-1 cm, anterior one broadly obovate, 8-9.5 mm, base purple striate; spur very short, only 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, smooth, glabrous; styles slender in lower part, thickened in upper part; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes spreading, straight, broadly ovate, apex rounded. Capsule ovoid or nearly oblong, small, 3-4 mm, subequaling or slightly shorter than persistent sepals. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forest margins on mountains, grassy slopes, moist places in stream valleys; 1800-2800 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.