深圆齿堇菜Viola davidii Franch.
深圆齿堇菜Viola davidii Franch.
73．深圆齿堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola davidii Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2. 8: 230. 1886, et Pl. David. 2: 21. 1888; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 419. 1917; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 380. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 241. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 918. 图3556. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册204. 1984. ——V. davidii Franch. var. paucicrenata W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 420. 1917. ——V. sikkimensis W. Beck. var. debilis W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 260. 1916.——V. smithiana W. Beck. in Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 2: 287. 1926.
多年生细弱无毛草本，无地上茎或几无地上茎，高4-9厘米，有时具匍匐枝。根状茎细，几垂直，节密生。叶基生；叶片圆形或有时肾形，长、宽1-3厘米，先端圆钝，基部浅心形或截形，边缘具较深圆齿，两面无毛，上面深绿色，下面灰绿色；叶柄长短不等，长2-5厘米，无毛；托叶褐色，离生或仅基部与叶柄合生，披针形，长约0.5毫米，先端渐尖，边缘疏生细齿。花白色或有时淡紫色；花梗细，长4-9厘米，上部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长3-5毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端稍尖，基部附属物短，末端截形，边缘膜质；花瓣倒卵状长圆形，上方花瓣长1-1.2厘米，宽约4毫米，侧方花瓣与上方花瓣近等大，里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约9毫米，有紫色脉纹；距较短，长约2毫米，囊状；花药长约1.5毫米，药隔顶端附属物长约1毫米，下方雄蕊之距钝角状，长约1.5毫米；子房球形，有褐色腺点，花柱棍棒状，基部膝曲，柱头两侧及后方有狭缘边，前方具短喙。蒴果椭圆形，长约7毫米，无毛，常具褐色腺点。花期3-6月，果期5-8月。
产陕西南部、湖北、湖南、福建、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于林下、林缘、山坡草地、溪谷或石上阴蔽处。模式标本采自四川宝兴。
《秦岭植物志》1 (3): 317. 1981. 所载的 V. davidii Franch. 实为 V. faurieana W. Beck. 的误定。仅陕西南郑产者为深圆齿堇菜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola davidii Franchet
深圆齿堇菜 shen yuan chi jin cai
Viola davidii var. paucicrenata W. Becker; V. schneideri W. Becker; V. smithiana W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, nearly acaulescent, 7-10 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome obliquely ascending, shortly noded, with dense rootlets. Stolon developed, 10-15 cm, with scattered leaves and flowers, producing adventitious roots at nodes, top usually developing into a new plant. Leaves nearly basal; stipules mostly free, brown, broadly lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, adaxially brown striate, margin remotely fimbriate-dentate, apex long acuminate; petioles unequal in length, longest to 5 cm; leaf blade abaxially often glaucous, adaxially greenish, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2-7 × 1.5-3.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, with brown glandular dots when dry, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly 6-8-crenate on each side, apex rounded or acute. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels exceeding or subequaling leaves, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 × 1.5-2 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin narrowly membranous, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, 7-8 mm, lateral ones bearded, anterior one shorter; spur saccate, short, 1.5-2 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam.; spur of anterior stamens oblong, short, subequaling anthers, ca. 2 mm. Ovary oblong, glabrous; styles clavate, base nearly erect, gradually thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously and broadly margined on lateral sides, beaked in front, beak upward and straight, short, stout, with large stigma hole at tip. Capsule oblong, 5-7 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-May and Sep, fr. May-Oct.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, roadsides; 1200-2800 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
别名：马蹄草;浅圆齿堇菜;深园齿堇菜;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
73．深圆齿堇菜（静生生物调查所汇报）
Viola davidii Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2. 8: 230. 1886, et Pl. David. 2: 21. 1888; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 419. 1917; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 380. 1931; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1 (3): 241. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 918. 图3556. 1972; 云南种子植物名录 上册204. 1984. ——V. davidii Franch. var. paucicrenata W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 420. 1917. ——V. sikkimensis W. Beck. var. debilis W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 260. 1916.——V. smithiana W. Beck. in Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 2: 287. 1926.
多年生细弱无毛草本，无地上茎或几无地上茎，高4-9厘米，有时具匍匐枝。根状茎细，几垂直，节密生。叶基生；叶片圆形或有时肾形，长、宽1-3厘米，先端圆钝，基部浅心形或截形，边缘具较深圆齿，两面无毛，上面深绿色，下面灰绿色；叶柄长短不等，长2-5厘米，无毛；托叶褐色，离生或仅基部与叶柄合生，披针形，长约0.5毫米，先端渐尖，边缘疏生细齿。花白色或有时淡紫色；花梗细，长4-9厘米，上部有2枚线形小苞片；萼片披针形，长3-5毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端稍尖，基部附属物短，末端截形，边缘膜质；花瓣倒卵状长圆形，上方花瓣长1-1.2厘米，宽约4毫米，侧方花瓣与上方花瓣近等大，里面无须毛，下方花瓣较短，连距长约9毫米，有紫色脉纹；距较短，长约2毫米，囊状；花药长约1.5毫米，药隔顶端附属物长约1毫米，下方雄蕊之距钝角状，长约1.5毫米；子房球形，有褐色腺点，花柱棍棒状，基部膝曲，柱头两侧及后方有狭缘边，前方具短喙。蒴果椭圆形，长约7毫米，无毛，常具褐色腺点。花期3-6月，果期5-8月。
产陕西南部、湖北、湖南、福建、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于林下、林缘、山坡草地、溪谷或石上阴蔽处。模式标本采自四川宝兴。
《秦岭植物志》1 (3): 317. 1981. 所载的 V. davidii Franch. 实为 V. faurieana W. Beck. 的误定。仅陕西南郑产者为深圆齿堇菜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola davidii Franchet
深圆齿堇菜 shen yuan chi jin cai
Viola davidii var. paucicrenata W. Becker; V. schneideri W. Becker; V. smithiana W. Becker.
Herbs perennial, nearly acaulescent, 7-10 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome obliquely ascending, shortly noded, with dense rootlets. Stolon developed, 10-15 cm, with scattered leaves and flowers, producing adventitious roots at nodes, top usually developing into a new plant. Leaves nearly basal; stipules mostly free, brown, broadly lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, adaxially brown striate, margin remotely fimbriate-dentate, apex long acuminate; petioles unequal in length, longest to 5 cm; leaf blade abaxially often glaucous, adaxially greenish, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2-7 × 1.5-3.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, with brown glandular dots when dry, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly 6-8-crenate on each side, apex rounded or acute. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels exceeding or subequaling leaves, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 × 1.5-2 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin narrowly membranous, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, 7-8 mm, lateral ones bearded, anterior one shorter; spur saccate, short, 1.5-2 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam.; spur of anterior stamens oblong, short, subequaling anthers, ca. 2 mm. Ovary oblong, glabrous; styles clavate, base nearly erect, gradually thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously and broadly margined on lateral sides, beaked in front, beak upward and straight, short, stout, with large stigma hole at tip. Capsule oblong, 5-7 mm, glabrous. Fl. Mar-May and Sep, fr. May-Oct.
● Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, roadsides; 1200-2800 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.