心叶堇菜Viola concordifolia C. J. Wang
心叶堇菜Viola concordifolia C. J. Wang
22. 心叶堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版8: 1-6
Viola concordifolia C. J. Wang nom, nov.——V. cordifolia W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 6: 201. 1929 non Schwein. 1822 nec Schur 1877.
多年生草本，无地上茎和匍匐枝。根状茎粗短，节密生，粗约4-5毫米；支根多条，较粗壮而伸长，褐色。叶多数，基生；叶片卵形、宽卵形或三角状卵形，稀肾状，长3-8厘米，宽3-8厘米，先端尖或稍钝，基部深心形或宽心形，边缘具多数圆钝齿，两面无毛或疏生短毛；叶柄在花期通常与叶片近等长，在果期远较叶片为长，最上部具极狭的翅，通常无毛；托叶短，下部与叶柄合生，长约1厘米，离生部分开展。花淡紫色；花梗不高出于叶片，被短毛或无毛，近中部有2枚线状披针形小苞片；萼片宽披针形，长5-7毫米，宽约2毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物长约2毫米，末端钝或平截；上方花瓣与侧方花瓣倒卵形，长1.2-1.4厘米，宽5-6毫米，侧方花瓣里面无毛，下方花瓣长倒心形，顶端微缺，连距长约1.5厘米，距圆筒状，长4-5毫米，粗约2毫米；下方雄蕊的距细长，长约3毫米；子房圆锥状，无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，上部变粗，柱头顶部平坦，两侧及背方具明显缘边，前端具短喙，柱头孔较粗。蒴果椭圆形，长约1厘米。
产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖南、四川、贵州、云南。生于林缘、林下开阔草地间、山地草丛、溪谷旁。模式标本采自云南蒙自。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola yunnanfuensis W. Becker
心叶堇菜 xin ye jin cai
Viola bhutanica H. Hara; V. concordifolia C. J. Wang; V. cordifolia W. Becker (1929), not Schweinitz (1822), nor Schur (1877).
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome short, robust, 4-5 mm in diam., densely noded; roots numerous, whitish, elongated, robust. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules short, ca. 1 cm, 1/2-3/4 adnate to petioles, free part spreading; petiole usually subequaling blade at anthesis, conspicuously exceeding blade at fruiting, very narrowly winged in uppermost part, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, rarely reniform, 2-8 × 2.5-7 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrescent, sometimes purplish, adaxially spreading white puberulous or glabrescent, base deeply or broadly cordate, margin deeply crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers white or violet; pedicels not exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-7 × 1.5-2 mm, apex acuminate, appendages white puberulous or glabrous, ca. 1 mm, apex truncate or slightly dentate. Upper and lateral petals obovate, 1.2-1.4 cm × 5-6 mm, lateral ones conspicuously white bearded, anterior one narrowly obovate, ca. 1.5 cm (spur included), apex emarginate; spur cylindric, 2-3 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top, conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Oct.
Grasslands, thickets; below 3500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan].
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
22. 心叶堇菜（拉汉种子植物名称）图版8: 1-6
Viola concordifolia C. J. Wang nom, nov.——V. cordifolia W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 6: 201. 1929 non Schwein. 1822 nec Schur 1877.
多年生草本，无地上茎和匍匐枝。根状茎粗短，节密生，粗约4-5毫米；支根多条，较粗壮而伸长，褐色。叶多数，基生；叶片卵形、宽卵形或三角状卵形，稀肾状，长3-8厘米，宽3-8厘米，先端尖或稍钝，基部深心形或宽心形，边缘具多数圆钝齿，两面无毛或疏生短毛；叶柄在花期通常与叶片近等长，在果期远较叶片为长，最上部具极狭的翅，通常无毛；托叶短，下部与叶柄合生，长约1厘米，离生部分开展。花淡紫色；花梗不高出于叶片，被短毛或无毛，近中部有2枚线状披针形小苞片；萼片宽披针形，长5-7毫米，宽约2毫米，先端渐尖，基部附属物长约2毫米，末端钝或平截；上方花瓣与侧方花瓣倒卵形，长1.2-1.4厘米，宽5-6毫米，侧方花瓣里面无毛，下方花瓣长倒心形，顶端微缺，连距长约1.5厘米，距圆筒状，长4-5毫米，粗约2毫米；下方雄蕊的距细长，长约3毫米；子房圆锥状，无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，上部变粗，柱头顶部平坦，两侧及背方具明显缘边，前端具短喙，柱头孔较粗。蒴果椭圆形，长约1厘米。
产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖南、四川、贵州、云南。生于林缘、林下开阔草地间、山地草丛、溪谷旁。模式标本采自云南蒙自。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola yunnanfuensis W. Becker
心叶堇菜 xin ye jin cai
Viola bhutanica H. Hara; V. concordifolia C. J. Wang; V. cordifolia W. Becker (1929), not Schweinitz (1822), nor Schur (1877).
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome short, robust, 4-5 mm in diam., densely noded; roots numerous, whitish, elongated, robust. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules short, ca. 1 cm, 1/2-3/4 adnate to petioles, free part spreading; petiole usually subequaling blade at anthesis, conspicuously exceeding blade at fruiting, very narrowly winged in uppermost part, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, rarely reniform, 2-8 × 2.5-7 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrescent, sometimes purplish, adaxially spreading white puberulous or glabrescent, base deeply or broadly cordate, margin deeply crenate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers white or violet; pedicels not exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-7 × 1.5-2 mm, apex acuminate, appendages white puberulous or glabrous, ca. 1 mm, apex truncate or slightly dentate. Upper and lateral petals obovate, 1.2-1.4 cm × 5-6 mm, lateral ones conspicuously white bearded, anterior one narrowly obovate, ca. 1.5 cm (spur included), apex emarginate; spur cylindric, 2-3 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top, conspicuously margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a broad stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Oct.
Grasslands, thickets; below 3500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan].