南山堇菜Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck.
南山堇菜Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck.
62. 南山堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）胡堇草（图经本草）胡堇菜（中国植物图鉴），细芹叶堇（拉汉种子植物名称）图版17: 6-10
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2 (2): 856. 1902. p. p. et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 120. 1923; 贾祖璋, 中国植物图鉴 399. 1940; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 433. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 84. 图版1, 图11. 1955, et採集と飼育24 (4): 40. 1962; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 911. 图3552. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 99. 图版39. 图1-6. 1977; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 453. 1979; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 127. 1988. ——V. pinnata L. var. chaerophylloides Regel, pl. Radd. 1: 222. 1861; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 312. 1877; Palib. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 17 (1): 34. 1899; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 48. 1905. ——V. disssecta Ledeb. var. chaerophylloides (Regel) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2: 153. May. 1912. ——V. sieboldiana (Maxim.) Makino var. chaerophylloides (Regel) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32: 226. 1918. ——V. napellifolia Nakai l. c. 36: 86. 93. 1922. ——V. albida Palib. var. chaerophylloides (Regel) F. Maek. in Hara Enum. Spermt. Jap. 3: 195. 1954, p. p.
多年生草本，无地上茎，花期较矮小，高4-20厘米，果期高可达30余厘米。根状茎直立，较短粗，长3-10毫米，被残存的托叶所包围，下部有3-6条较粗的淡黄色或白色的根。基生叶2-6枚，具长柄；叶片3全裂，裂片具明显的短柄，侧裂片2深裂，中央裂片2-3深裂，最终裂片的形状和大小变异幅度较大，卵状披针形、披针形、长圆形、线状披针形，边缘具不整齐的缺刻状齿或浅裂，有时深裂，先端钝或尖，两面无毛或上面和下面沿叶脉有短柔毛；叶柄在花期长3-9厘米，通常绿色，有时稍带淡紫色，无毛，有光泽，果期伸长，长可达20余厘米；托叶膜质，1/2以上与叶柄合生，宽披针形，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏细齿和缘毛或全缘。花较大，花径2-2.5厘米，白色、乳白色或淡紫色，有香味；花梗通常呈淡紫色，无毛，有光泽，花期与叶等长或高出于叶，中部以下有2枚小苞片；小苞片线形或线状披针形，具极稀疏而细的小齿；萼片长圆状卵形或狭卵形，长10-14毫米，基部附属物发达，长4.5-6毫米，末端具不整齐的缺刻或浅裂，无毛，具3脉和膜质缘；花瓣宽倒卵形，上方花瓣长13-15毫米，宽约9毫米，侧方花瓣长约15毫米，宽约7毫米，里面基部有细须毛，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，连距长16-20毫米；距长而粗，长5-7毫米，直或稍下弯；花药长2.5-3毫米，下方雄蕊之距较细，长约5毫米，粗约1.5毫米；子房无毛，长约2毫米，花柱长约3毫米，基部稍膝曲，柱头两侧及后方有稍肥厚的缘边，中央部分微隆起，前方具明显的短喙，喙端具圆形柱头孔。蒴果大，长椭圆状，长1-1.6厘米，无毛，先端尖。种子多数，卵状，长约2.2毫米，直径约1.5毫米。花果期4-9月。2n=24。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、四川北部。生于海拔1600米以下山地阔叶林下或林缘、溪谷阴湿处、阳坡灌丛及草坡。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有。
本种的叶形变化虽大，但叶片通常3全裂，裂片有明显的短柄，侧裂片2深裂，中裂片2-3深裂；花较大，白色、乳白色或淡紫色，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，萼片基部的附属物发达，末端具不整齐的齿裂，果期宿存而明显，易与裂叶堇菜 J．dissecta Ledeb. 相区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker
南山堇菜 nan shan jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, dwarf at anthesis, 4-20 cm tall, to more than 30 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 3-10 mm, stout, surrounded by remains of stipules, with 3-6 robust yellowish or white roots. Basal leaves 2-6, long petiolate; stipules over 1/2 adnate to petioles, broadly lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely denticulate and ciliate or entire, apex acuminate; petioles 3-9 cm at anthesis, usually green, sometimes purplish, glabrous, nitid, elongated at fruiting to more than 20 cm; leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent along veins, 3-sect, segments shortly stipitate, lateral segments deeply 2-fid, central segment deeply 2- or 3-fid, terminal lobes highly variable in shape and size, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, or linear-lanceolate, margin irregularly dentate or shallowly divided, sometimes triparted to pinnatiparted or 3-lobed, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white, creamy-white, or purplish, large, 2-2.5 cm in diam., fragrant; pedicels usually purplish, nitid, subequaling or exceeding leaves at anthesis, glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate, margin very remotely and minutely denticulate. Sepals oblong-ovate or narrowly ovate, 1-1.4 cm, basal auricles developed, 4.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, margin membranous, apex irregularly emarginate or shallowly divided. Petals broadly obovate, upper petals 1.3-1.5 cm × ca. 9 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.5 × 0.7 cm, sparsely bearded, anterior one purple-striate, 1.6-2 cm (spur included); spur long, 5-7 mm, stout, straight or slightly curved downward. Anthers 2.5-3 mm, spur of anterior 2 stamens ca. 5 mm, slender, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Ovary ca. 2 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 3 mm, base slightly geniculate; stigmas slightly thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front, with a rounded stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, large, 1-1.6 cm, glabrous, apex acute. Seeds numerous, ovoid, ca. 2.2 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.
Mixed forests, forest margins, shaded and moist places in stream valleys, thickets on sunny slopes, grassy slopes; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, SE Russia].
别名：南山堇;细芹叶堇;细芥叶堇;胡堇草;胡堇菜;胡堇;奥衣根-尼勒-其其格;
科名：堇菜科 Violaceae
属名：堇菜属 Viola
62. 南山堇菜（东北师范大学科学研究通报）胡堇草（图经本草）胡堇菜（中国植物图鉴），细芹叶堇（拉汉种子植物名称）图版17: 6-10
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2 (2): 856. 1902. p. p. et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40 (2): 120. 1923; 贾祖璋, 中国植物图鉴 399. 1940; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 433. 1949; 竹内亮, 东北师范大学科学研究通报 1: 84. 图版1, 图11. 1955, et採集と飼育24 (4): 40. 1962; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 911. 图3552. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 99. 图版39. 图1-6. 1977; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 453. 1979; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 127. 1988. ——V. pinnata L. var. chaerophylloides Regel, pl. Radd. 1: 222. 1861; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 312. 1877; Palib. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 17 (1): 34. 1899; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3: 48. 1905. ——V. disssecta Ledeb. var. chaerophylloides (Regel) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2: 153. May. 1912. ——V. sieboldiana (Maxim.) Makino var. chaerophylloides (Regel) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32: 226. 1918. ——V. napellifolia Nakai l. c. 36: 86. 93. 1922. ——V. albida Palib. var. chaerophylloides (Regel) F. Maek. in Hara Enum. Spermt. Jap. 3: 195. 1954, p. p.
多年生草本，无地上茎，花期较矮小，高4-20厘米，果期高可达30余厘米。根状茎直立，较短粗，长3-10毫米，被残存的托叶所包围，下部有3-6条较粗的淡黄色或白色的根。基生叶2-6枚，具长柄；叶片3全裂，裂片具明显的短柄，侧裂片2深裂，中央裂片2-3深裂，最终裂片的形状和大小变异幅度较大，卵状披针形、披针形、长圆形、线状披针形，边缘具不整齐的缺刻状齿或浅裂，有时深裂，先端钝或尖，两面无毛或上面和下面沿叶脉有短柔毛；叶柄在花期长3-9厘米，通常绿色，有时稍带淡紫色，无毛，有光泽，果期伸长，长可达20余厘米；托叶膜质，1/2以上与叶柄合生，宽披针形，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏细齿和缘毛或全缘。花较大，花径2-2.5厘米，白色、乳白色或淡紫色，有香味；花梗通常呈淡紫色，无毛，有光泽，花期与叶等长或高出于叶，中部以下有2枚小苞片；小苞片线形或线状披针形，具极稀疏而细的小齿；萼片长圆状卵形或狭卵形，长10-14毫米，基部附属物发达，长4.5-6毫米，末端具不整齐的缺刻或浅裂，无毛，具3脉和膜质缘；花瓣宽倒卵形，上方花瓣长13-15毫米，宽约9毫米，侧方花瓣长约15毫米，宽约7毫米，里面基部有细须毛，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，连距长16-20毫米；距长而粗，长5-7毫米，直或稍下弯；花药长2.5-3毫米，下方雄蕊之距较细，长约5毫米，粗约1.5毫米；子房无毛，长约2毫米，花柱长约3毫米，基部稍膝曲，柱头两侧及后方有稍肥厚的缘边，中央部分微隆起，前方具明显的短喙，喙端具圆形柱头孔。蒴果大，长椭圆状，长1-1.6厘米，无毛，先端尖。种子多数，卵状，长约2.2毫米，直径约1.5毫米。花果期4-9月。2n=24。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、四川北部。生于海拔1600米以下山地阔叶林下或林缘、溪谷阴湿处、阳坡灌丛及草坡。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有。
本种的叶形变化虽大，但叶片通常3全裂，裂片有明显的短柄，侧裂片2深裂，中裂片2-3深裂；花较大，白色、乳白色或淡紫色，下方花瓣有紫色条纹，萼片基部的附属物发达，末端具不整齐的齿裂，果期宿存而明显，易与裂叶堇菜 J．dissecta Ledeb. 相区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker
南山堇菜 nan shan jin cai
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, dwarf at anthesis, 4-20 cm tall, to more than 30 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 3-10 mm, stout, surrounded by remains of stipules, with 3-6 robust yellowish or white roots. Basal leaves 2-6, long petiolate; stipules over 1/2 adnate to petioles, broadly lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely denticulate and ciliate or entire, apex acuminate; petioles 3-9 cm at anthesis, usually green, sometimes purplish, glabrous, nitid, elongated at fruiting to more than 20 cm; leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent along veins, 3-sect, segments shortly stipitate, lateral segments deeply 2-fid, central segment deeply 2- or 3-fid, terminal lobes highly variable in shape and size, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, or linear-lanceolate, margin irregularly dentate or shallowly divided, sometimes triparted to pinnatiparted or 3-lobed, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white, creamy-white, or purplish, large, 2-2.5 cm in diam., fragrant; pedicels usually purplish, nitid, subequaling or exceeding leaves at anthesis, glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate, margin very remotely and minutely denticulate. Sepals oblong-ovate or narrowly ovate, 1-1.4 cm, basal auricles developed, 4.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, margin membranous, apex irregularly emarginate or shallowly divided. Petals broadly obovate, upper petals 1.3-1.5 cm × ca. 9 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.5 × 0.7 cm, sparsely bearded, anterior one purple-striate, 1.6-2 cm (spur included); spur long, 5-7 mm, stout, straight or slightly curved downward. Anthers 2.5-3 mm, spur of anterior 2 stamens ca. 5 mm, slender, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Ovary ca. 2 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 3 mm, base slightly geniculate; stigmas slightly thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front, with a rounded stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, large, 1-1.6 cm, glabrous, apex acute. Seeds numerous, ovoid, ca. 2.2 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.
Mixed forests, forest margins, shaded and moist places in stream valleys, thickets on sunny slopes, grassy slopes; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, SE Russia].