缬草Valeriana officinalis Linn.

别名：地麝;满山香;满坡香;鹿子草;姜十八;猫食菜;狗足香;珠勒根－呼吉;穿心排草;愁半天;广时爬地黄;臭草;欧缬草;朱玛底线;通经草;蛇头细辛;甲白;黄菊花;路边香;宽叶缬草;半边愁;马蹄香;王子香;四季香;抓地虎;山射;豆鼓草;七姐妹;珍珠香;山胡椒;手爪七;拔地麻;天山缬草;五里香;大救驾;巴木柏－额布斯;巴地麻;七里香;毛节缬草;媳妇菜;香草;墨香;蜘蛛香;枝香;小救驾;山茼蒿;garden valerian;

科名：败酱科 Valerianaceae

属名：缬草属 Valeriana

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷031页
  4. 缬草 欧缬草（中国高等植物图鉴），拔地麻、媳妇菜（中国经济植物志、东北各省），香草（河北、甘肃），珍珠香、满山香（陕西），满坡香、五里香（湖南），大救驾、小救驾（陕西、四川）
  Valeriana officinalis Linn., Sp Pl. 1: 31. 1753; DC., Prodr. 4: 641. 1830; Turcz., Fl. Baic. -Dahur. 1: 539. 1842; Hock. in Engl. u. pr., Nat. Pflanzenf. 4 (4): 179. 1837; Grub. in Fl. URSS 23: 625. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 330, 图6074. 1975.——V. alternifolia Bunge. in Ldb. Fl. Alt. 1: 52. 1829. ——V. dubia Bunge, l. c. ——V. officinalis Linn. var. alternifolia Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 439. 1844. ——V. stolonifera Czern. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 18: 133. 1845, in nota——V. officinalis Linn. var. angustifolia Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. -Bat. 3: 114. 1867; Makino in Journ. Bot. Tokyo 11: 282. 1897.——V. coreana Briq. in Ann. Conserv. et Gard. Bot. Geneve 17: 327. 1914;——V. fauriei Briq., l. c.; Kao et Devol in Fl. Taiwan 4: 729. 1978. ——V. chinensis Kreyer ex Komarov. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 30: 215. 1932. ——V. stubendorfii Kreyer ex Komarov, l. c. ——V. tianschanica Kreyer ex Hand. -Mazz. in Act Hort. Gothob. 9: 175. 1934.——V. nipponica Nakai ex Kitagawa in Rep. First Exped. Sci. Manch. Sect. 44: 49. 1936. ——V. leiocarpa Kitagawa in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 5: 158. 1941.
形态特征：多年生草本，高1-2米。根状茎粗短；根簇生，多数，较粗长，有特异浓香气。茎直立，中空，有纵棱，常被白色粗毛。基生叶丛生，具长叶柄。叶柄基部稍宽，呈鞘状。叶枯后残存；茎生叶对生/叶柄向上渐短或近无柄 ；叶片羽状全裂，裂片3-15，披针形或条形，顶端裂片稍大或与侧裂片近等大，边缘有不规侧锯齿或全缘，两面三刀面稍被柔毛，下面脉上和叶缘的毛较密。聚伞花序多数排列成顶生的伞房状圆锥花序；苞片羽状分裂；小苞片条状披针形；花萼内卷，萼齿不明显；花冠淡紫红色，筒状，先端5裂，裂片近圆形；雄蕊3枚，着生于花冠筒内，伸出于花冠军外；子房下位，花柱细长，柱头2裂。瘦果卵形，长约4毫米，基部平截，顶端有羽状冠毛。花期5-7月。果期8-9月。
分    布：恩施、神农架
生    境：山谷灌木丛中或较阴湿处
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：根及根茎
药用功能：安神、止痛
药用主治：用于头痛、头晕、胃痛等症。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Valeriana officinalis  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 31. 1753.
缬草   xie cao
Valeriana alternifolia Bunge; V. alternifolia f. angustifolia (Komarov) Kitagawa; V. alternifolia var. angustifolia (Komarov) S. H. Li; V. alternifolia f. verticillata (Komarov) S. X. Li; V. chinensis Kreyer ex Komarov; V. coreana Briquet; V. coreana subsp. leiocarpa (Kitagawa) Voroschilov; V. dubia Bunge; V. fauriei Briquet; V. fauriei var. leiocarpa (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; V. leiocarpa Kitagawa; V. nipponica Nakai ex Kitagawa; V. officinalis var. alternifolia (Bunge) Ledebour; V. officinalis var. latifolia Briquet; V. pseudofficinalis C. Y. Cheng & H. B. Chen; V. stubendorfii Kreyer ex Komarov; V. stubendorfii f. angustifolia Komarov; V. stubendorfii f. verticillata Komarov; V. subbipinnatifolia A. I. Baranov; V. tianschanica Kreyer ex Handel-Mazzetti.
Plants up to 150 cm tall, infrequently stoloniferous. Rhizomes reduced; roots fascicled, clavate, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam. Stems hirsute or hispidulous, particularly at nodes, rarely glabrous. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves usually wilted at anthesis; cauline leaves petiolate to sessile; petiole 0-8 cm; blade ovate to broadly ovate, 5-15 × 3-8 cm, pinnatisect; segments 7-15, lanceolate or linear, glabrous or ± hispidulous, base decurrent, margin entire or coarsely serrate; terminal and lateral segments similar in shape and size. Inflorescence corymbiform, large and compact even in fruit, or with 2 distinct, secondary lateral inflorescences; bracts leaflike below, small and linear-lanceolate otherwise; bracteoles elliptic-oblong, oblanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, margin scarious-ciliate, apex awned. Corolla purplish red, pink, or white, funnelform, 4-6 mm; lobes elliptic. Stamens and style strongly exserted. Achenes narrowly ovoid, 4-5 mm, both sides glabrous or pubescent. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56.
Grassy slopes, forests, by streams; below 2500 m, but up to 4000 m in Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xizang. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou (Fanjing Shan, Huangping, Kaili), Hebei, Henan, W Hubei, W Hunan (Sangzhi, Xinning), Jiangxi (Lu Shan), N and SE Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong (Changqing, Kunyu Shan, Taishan), Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang (Jomda, Qamdo, Riwoqê), Zhejiang (Tianmu Shan) [Japan, Russia; Europe].
Valeriana officinalis is a very variable species for which several infraspecific taxa have been described.Valeriana officinalis is a very variable species for which several infraspecific taxa have been described.

《全国中草药汇编》:缬草

【拼音名】 Xié Cǎo
【别名】 拔地麻、小救驾[陕西]、鹿子草、臭草
【来源】 败酱科缬草属植物缬草Valeriana officinalis L.及黑水缬草V. amurensis P. Smirn.，以根状茎及根入药。秋季采集，去净秧苗及泥土，晒干。
【性味】 辛、甘，温。
【功能主治】 安神，理气，止痛。用于神经衰弱，失眠，癔病，癫痫，胃腹胀痛，腰腿痛，跌打损伤。
【用法用量】 1～2钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》