蜘蛛香Valeriana jatamansi Jones

别名：老龙须;豆豉草;狗嗅药;臭狗药;红天麻;鸡屎臭药;九转香;老君须;雷公七;马蹄香;拔地麻;马蹄暗消;摸摸香;蜘蛛香缬;养心莲;老虎七;香草;臭药;新叶缬草;猫儿屎;磨脚花;乌参;大救驾;香疙蔸;心叶缬草;鬼见愁;土细辛;连香草;养血莲;香草子;马蹄草;支柱香;珍珠香;印度缬草;

科名：败酱科 Valerianaceae

属名：缬草属 Valeriana

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷028页
  1. 蜘蛛香（本草纲目拾遗）马蹄香（中国经济植物志），大救驾（陕西、四川），老君须（陕西）图版10：1
  Valeriana jatamansi Jones in As. Res. 2: 405, 416. 1790; Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 9: 171. 1934; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 196. 1942; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 334, 图6082. 1975. ——V. wallichii DC., Prodr. 4: 623- 642. 1830.——V. harmsii Graebn, in Bot. Jahrb. 24 (59): 33. 198. ——V. mairei Briq. in Ann. Cons. Bot. Gen. 17: 330. 1914. ——V. jatamansi Jones var. frondosa Hand. -Mazz., l. c. ——V. jatamansi Jones var hygrobia (Briq.) Hand. -Mazz., l. c. 172.——V. jatamansi Jones var. glabra Merr., l. c.
  植株高20-70厘米；根茎粗厚，块柱状，节密，有浓烈香味；茎1至数株丛生。基生叶发达，叶片心状圆形至卵状心形，长2-9厘米，宽3-8厘米，边缘具疏浅波齿，被短毛或有时无毛，叶柄长为叶片的2-3倍；茎生叶不发达，每茎2对，有时3对，下部的心状圆形，近无柄，上部的常羽裂，无柄。花序为顶生的聚伞花序，苞片和小苞片长钻形，中肋明显，最上部的小苞片常与果实等长。花白色或微红色，杂性；雌花小，长1.5毫米，不育花药着生在极短的花丝上，位于花冠喉部；雌蕊伸长于花冠之外，柱头深3裂；两性花较大，长3-4毫米、雌雄蕊与花冠等长。瘦果长卵形，两面被毛。花期5-7月，果期6-9月。
  产河南、陕西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生山顶草地、林中或溪边，海拔2500米以下。印度也有分布。
  药圃常有栽培，药用或、香料用。
  本种的叶片大小、厚薄、被毛程度以及果实被毛或光秃，随生境而变异；Hand. -Mazz.等人曾立为若干变种。根据标本，因未找到其规律性的区分标准，这里仍作一种处理。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Valeriana jatamansi  W. Jones Asiat. Res. 2: 416. 1790.
蜘蛛香   zhi zhu xiang
Valeriana harmsii Graebner; V. jatamansi var. frondosa Handel-Mazzetti; V. jatamansi var. glabra Merrill; V. jatamansi var. hygrobia (Briquet) Handel-Mazzetti; V. hygrobia Briquet; V. mairei Briquet; V. wallichii Candolle; V. wallichii var. violifolia Franchet.
Plants 20-70 cm tall. Rhizomes short, robust, usually 0.5-2 cm in diam., nodes crowded; roots fibrous. Stems 1 to several, erect, glabrate to pubescent, more densely so at nodes. Basal leaves persistent, rosulate; petiole 4-10 cm; blade simple, cordate to cordate-ovate, 2-14 × 3-10 cm, hispidulous or glabrous, margin irregularly crenulate, crenate, or dentate, apex acute. Cauline leaves in 2 or 3 pairs, sessile or subsessile, 1-3 cm, simple or trifoliolate; lateral lobes reduced; terminal lobe ovate. Inflorescence corymbiform, villous at nodes; bracts subulate, margin scarious; bracteoles ca. as long as achenes. Corolla white or pinkish, funnelform; flowers polygamous; bisexual flowers 3-4 mm, female flowers ca. 1.5 mm. Stamens and style exserted. Achenes narrowly ovoid, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm, both sides villous. Fl. (Apr-)May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 16, 32.
Grassy slopes, forests, by streams; below 2500(-3100) m. Chongqing (Kaixian, Nanchuan), Gansu, Guizhou (Leishan, Zunyi), Henan (Xixia), W Hubei, Hunan (Longshan), Sichuan (Emei Shan), Xizang (Zayü), Yunnan [Bhutan, E and N India, Nepal, N Thailand, Vietnam].