栏目

柔垂缬草Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim.

柔垂缬草Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim.

别名:细臭灵丹;水臭草;哦板药康;嫩茎缬草;岩边香;垂柔缬草;蛇头细辛;缬香;蔓甘松;

科名:败酱科 Valerianaceae

属名:缬草属 Valeriana

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷031页
  3. 柔垂缬草(中国高等植物图鉴)图版10: 3
  Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 12: 228. 1868; Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 175. 1934; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 331. 图6076. 1975; M. T. Kao et C. E. Devol in Fl. Taiwan 4: 729. 1978. ——V. faberi Graebn. in Bot. Jahrb. 24 (59): 32. 1898.——V. nokozanensis Yamamoto, Suppl. Ic. Pl. Form. 5: 31. 1932.
  细柔草本,高20-80厘米;植株稍多汁;根茎细柱状,具明显的环节;匍枝细长具有柄 的心形或卵形小叶。基生叶与匍枝叶同形,有时3裂,钝头,波状圆齿或全缘。茎生叶卵 形,羽状全裂,裂片3--7枚,疏离;顶端裂片卵形或披针形,长2—4厘米,宽1—2厘米,钝头或渐尖,边缘具疏齿,侧裂片与顶裂片同形而依次渐小。花序顶生,或有时自上部叶腋出,伞房状聚伞花序,分枝细长,果期为甚;苞片和小苞片线形至线状披针形,最上部的小苞片等于或稍短于果长。花淡红色,花冠长2.5—3.5毫米,花冠裂片长圆形至卵状长圆 形,花冠裂片较花冠筒为短;雌雄蕊常伸出于花冠之外。瘦果线状卵形,长约3毫米,光秃,有时被白色粗毛。 花期4—6月,果期5—8月。
  产台湾、陕西、湖北、四川、云南。生于林缘、草地、溪边等水湿条件较好之处,海拔 1000--3600米。日本也有分布。模式标本采自日本。
  本种产于云南西北部以及四川宝兴、天全、峨眉、南川等地的标本,在体态上常与长序缬草 v.hardwickii Wall.有过渡类型,尤以果期具有延长的圆锥状聚伞花序更为相似,但本种常具有细柱状根茎和匍匐枝,花红色而较大,在花期前,仍易于区别。
  Hand.-Mazz.曾发表 V.tripteroides Hand.-Mazz.(在 Acta Hort. Gothob. 9:173. 1934),根据记载,该种与柔垂缬草 V.flaccidissima Maxim.近似,惟叶较小,匍枝细小,圆 锥花序较大,花较小。模式标本采自湖南武冈。其中有较大的圆锥花序和白色而较小的花两项特征,又与长序缬草 V.hardwickii Wall.相似,似有可能为柔垂缬草与长序缬草间 的一种过渡型;因未见标本,谨附记于此,以待改订。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Valeriana flaccidissima  Maximowicz Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 12: 228. 1867.
柔垂缬草   rou chui xie cao
Valeriana faberi Graebner; V. nokozanensis Yamamoto; V. tripteroides Handel-Mazzetti (1934), not (Neuman) Kreyer (1930).
Plants 20-80 cm tall, stoloniferous. Rhizomes 2-8 cm; roots fibrous, less than 0.5 mm in diam.; stolons terminating in leafy rosettes. Stems erect, simple, glabrous. Basal leaves simple or 3-lobed, margin crenulate or entire, apex obtuse. Cauline leaves ovate, pinnatisect, glabrous, or puberulent along veins abaxially; segments 3-7, remote; terminal segment ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 × 1-2 cm, glabrous or pubescent abaxially, margin coarsely serrate, apex obtuse or acuminate; lateral segments similar but smaller. Inflorescence paniculiform; involucral bracts and bracteoles linear to linear-lanceolate; bracteoles equal to or slightly shorter than achenes. Corolla reddish, purple, or white, funnelform, 2.5-3.5 mm; lobes oblong to ovate-oblong, shorter than corolla tube. Stamens and style usually exserted. Achenes narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 mm, glabrous or hispidulous. Fl. (Mar-) Apr-Jun, fr. May-Aug.
Forest margins, grassy areas, by streams; 400-3600 m. Anhui (Shucheng), Chongqing, SE Gansu, Guizhou, SE Henan (Shangcheng), W Hubei, Hunan (Xinning), Sichuan, Taiwan (Gaoxiong, Nantou, Xinzhu), Yunnan [Japan].

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