水丝麻Maoutia puya (Hook.) Wedd.
水丝麻Maoutia puya (Hook.) Wedd.
1.水丝麻（中国经济植物志）翻白叶麻（云南南部），三元麻（四川、云南），野麻、山麻（云南河口），半（云南傣语）图版87: 14-16
Maoutia puya (Hook.)Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 4, 1: 194. 1854; et in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 235: 1869; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 592. 1888; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 154. 1929; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 524, 图1048. 1972; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 133, fig. 12 (0). 1983; 西藏植物志1: 565. 1983; 云南种子植物名录,上册, 726. 1984;贵州植物志4: 85, 图版31, 1989. ——Urtica puya Buch. -Ham. et Wall. Cat. no. 4605. 1830, nom. nud.; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. et Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 316. 1851, excl. syn. Roxb. ——Boehmeria nivea (L.)Gaudich. var. crassifola C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 26: 486. 1899. ——B. esquirolii Levl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 372. 1912, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 423. 1915.
灌木，高1-2米，小枝被伸展的褐色或褐灰色粗毛。叶椭圆形或卵形，长5-15厘米，宽3-7厘米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形，边缘有牙齿，上面粗糙，疏生糙伏毛，下面密生雪白色毡毛，钟乳体点状，基出脉3，侧脉2-4对；叶柄长1-6厘米，密生褐色粗毛；托叶2深裂，裂片条状披针形，长7-15毫米，先端尾状渐尖。花序雌雄同株，聚伞状，成对腋生，长3-5厘米，有多数分枝；团伞花序由数朵异性花或同性花组成，稀疏着生于分枝上；苞片三角状卵形或披针形，长1-1.5毫米。雄花径1.2-1.5毫米；花被片5，合生至中部；雄蕊5；退化雌蕊三角状卵形，基部密生雪白色绵毛。雌花：花被片2，不等大，小，生于子房的基部，多少合生成不对称的浅兜状，长约0.8毫米，外面有微毛；柱头画笔头状，在果时宿存。瘦果卵状三角形，有三棱，长约1毫米，着生花被处稍凹陷，外果皮稍肉质，外面疏生短伏毛，内果皮稍骨质，宿存花被稍肉质。花期6-8月，果期9-10月。
产西藏东南部、云南、广西、贵州和四川西南部。生于海拔400-2 000米溪谷荫湿疏林灌丛中。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度东北部、越南也有分布。
茎皮纤维长（单纤维长约180毫米），坚韧，富有光泽，可制人造棉、织鱼网、造纸等，是一种优良的纤维植物。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Maoutia puya (Hooker) Weddell
水丝麻 shui si ma
Boehmeria puya Hooker, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 316. 1851; B. esquirolii H. Léveillé; B. nivea var. crassifolia C. H. Wright.
Shrubs 1-2 m tall, monoecious. Branchlets zigzagged, branchlets and petiole spreading, brown or gray-brown hirtellous. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 7-15 mm, 2-cleft; petiole 1-6 cm; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 5-15 × 3-7 cm, secondary veins 2-4 on each side from distal 1/3, sparsely appressed strigose, adaxially rugose, thickly, snow white tomentose abaxially, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin coarsely dentate, apex acuminate. Cymes in pairs, 3-5 cm; glomerules lax, 2-3 mm in diam.; bracts triangular or lanceolate, membranous. Male flowers shortly pedicellate, obovoid in bud, 1 mm in diam.; perianth lobes 5, ovate, connate at middle, apex acuminate; rudimentary ovary trigonous-ovoid, ca. 0.4 mm. Female flowers sessile; perianth lobes 2, minute, unequal, ± connate at base, enclosing base of ovary. Achene ovoid-trigonous, ca. 1.2 mm, appressed strigillose. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Thickets, valleys, dry slopes or shady, wet places; 400-2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SW Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
Fiber from the stem bast is of high quality due to its strength, sheen, and length; a single fiber may be 18 cm long. The fibers are used to make cloth, fishing nets, and paper.
别名：翻白叶;翻白叶麻;普爷麻;山麻;山元麻;野麻;野荨麻;沅麻;三元麻;黄爷麻;水麻;白山麻柳;啊车车朴;
科名：荨麻科 Urticaceae
属名：水丝麻属 Maoutia
1.水丝麻（中国经济植物志）翻白叶麻（云南南部），三元麻（四川、云南），野麻、山麻（云南河口），半（云南傣语）图版87: 14-16
Maoutia puya (Hook.)Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 4, 1: 194. 1854; et in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 235: 1869; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 592. 1888; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 154. 1929; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 524, 图1048. 1972; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 133, fig. 12 (0). 1983; 西藏植物志1: 565. 1983; 云南种子植物名录,上册, 726. 1984;贵州植物志4: 85, 图版31, 1989. ——Urtica puya Buch. -Ham. et Wall. Cat. no. 4605. 1830, nom. nud.; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. et Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 316. 1851, excl. syn. Roxb. ——Boehmeria nivea (L.)Gaudich. var. crassifola C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 26: 486. 1899. ——B. esquirolii Levl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 372. 1912, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 423. 1915.
灌木，高1-2米，小枝被伸展的褐色或褐灰色粗毛。叶椭圆形或卵形，长5-15厘米，宽3-7厘米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形，边缘有牙齿，上面粗糙，疏生糙伏毛，下面密生雪白色毡毛，钟乳体点状，基出脉3，侧脉2-4对；叶柄长1-6厘米，密生褐色粗毛；托叶2深裂，裂片条状披针形，长7-15毫米，先端尾状渐尖。花序雌雄同株，聚伞状，成对腋生，长3-5厘米，有多数分枝；团伞花序由数朵异性花或同性花组成，稀疏着生于分枝上；苞片三角状卵形或披针形，长1-1.5毫米。雄花径1.2-1.5毫米；花被片5，合生至中部；雄蕊5；退化雌蕊三角状卵形，基部密生雪白色绵毛。雌花：花被片2，不等大，小，生于子房的基部，多少合生成不对称的浅兜状，长约0.8毫米，外面有微毛；柱头画笔头状，在果时宿存。瘦果卵状三角形，有三棱，长约1毫米，着生花被处稍凹陷，外果皮稍肉质，外面疏生短伏毛，内果皮稍骨质，宿存花被稍肉质。花期6-8月，果期9-10月。
产西藏东南部、云南、广西、贵州和四川西南部。生于海拔400-2 000米溪谷荫湿疏林灌丛中。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度东北部、越南也有分布。
茎皮纤维长（单纤维长约180毫米），坚韧，富有光泽，可制人造棉、织鱼网、造纸等，是一种优良的纤维植物。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Maoutia puya (Hooker) Weddell
水丝麻 shui si ma
Boehmeria puya Hooker, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 316. 1851; B. esquirolii H. Léveillé; B. nivea var. crassifolia C. H. Wright.
Shrubs 1-2 m tall, monoecious. Branchlets zigzagged, branchlets and petiole spreading, brown or gray-brown hirtellous. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 7-15 mm, 2-cleft; petiole 1-6 cm; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 5-15 × 3-7 cm, secondary veins 2-4 on each side from distal 1/3, sparsely appressed strigose, adaxially rugose, thickly, snow white tomentose abaxially, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin coarsely dentate, apex acuminate. Cymes in pairs, 3-5 cm; glomerules lax, 2-3 mm in diam.; bracts triangular or lanceolate, membranous. Male flowers shortly pedicellate, obovoid in bud, 1 mm in diam.; perianth lobes 5, ovate, connate at middle, apex acuminate; rudimentary ovary trigonous-ovoid, ca. 0.4 mm. Female flowers sessile; perianth lobes 2, minute, unequal, ± connate at base, enclosing base of ovary. Achene ovoid-trigonous, ca. 1.2 mm, appressed strigillose. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Thickets, valleys, dry slopes or shady, wet places; 400-2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SW Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam].
Fiber from the stem bast is of high quality due to its strength, sheen, and length; a single fiber may be 18 cm long. The fibers are used to make cloth, fishing nets, and paper.