软雀花Sanicula elata Hamilt.
软雀花Sanicula elata Hamilt.
13．软雀花（拟）三叶七、水茯苓（四川）图版25
Sanicula elata Hamilt. in D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183. 1825; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 56. 1867; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 178. 1875; Chermezon in Fl. Gen. L’Indo-chine 2: 1141. 1923; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 708 1933; Shan in Sinensia 7 (4): 488. 1936. ——S. hermaphrodita Hamilt. ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183. 1825. ——S. montana Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: 882. 1826——S. europaea var. elata de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 421. 1906.
多年生草本，高20-80厘米。根圆锥形，直生或斜生，侧根细长。茎通常单生，直立，无毛，有纵条纹，下部草绿色或紫褐色，上部为重复的叉式分枝。基生叶少至多数，有长柄，叶片宽卵状心形，圆心形或近五角形，长3-7厘米，宽4-10厘米，掌状3裂，也有5裂，中间裂片楔状倒卵形、卵形或卵状披针形，中部以上常有2-3浅裂，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，侧面裂片斜卵形，与中间裂片相近似，下部边缘常有2浅裂或深裂，有时呈不规则的羽状浅裂或缺刻状，所有裂片边缘有锯齿，齿端有小尖头；茎生叶有短柄，掌状3 (-5) 裂，裂片的形状、大小与基生叶相似或略小；最上部的茎生叶有短柄或无柄，通常3裂，裂片卵状披针形。花序2-4回叉式分枝，侧枝较开展而伸长，顶部和中间的分枝短缩，长0.5-2厘米，有些侧生的伞形花序近于无柄；总苞片2，很少1，对生，无柄，披针形，全缘或疏生1-3刺毛状的齿；伞形花序2-3出；伞辐不等长，长约5毫米；小总苞片7-10，卵状披针形至线形，长约1毫米，有1脉；小伞形花序有花4-8；雄花1-4，花柄长1-1.5毫米；萼齿线状披针形至刺毛状，长约1毫米、宽0.4毫米、顶端尖锐；花瓣白色、淡黄色至淡蓝色、倒卵形、与萼齿等长或超过，顶端内凹；花丝长约1.5毫米，花药长0.8毫米；两性花通常3，很少为4，近无柄或有1毫米长的短柄；萼齿和花瓣形状同雄花；花柱长于萼齿2倍，向外反曲。果实球状卵形，长2.5-3毫米，宽2-2.5毫米，宿存的萼齿通常为皮刺所覆盖或有1/2-2/3伸出，皮刺呈钩状；油管小，合生面两侧有2个较大的油管。胚乳腹面微凹。花果期5-10月。
产广西、四川、云南、西藏等省区。生长在海拔1000-3300米的林下或河沟边。日本、越南、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸、印度、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、斯里兰卡、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、扎伊尔及非洲东南部和马达加斯加也有分布。
全草可供药用。
本种在外形上与变豆菜 S. chinensis Bunge 很相似，区别在于本种果实较小；花柱长于萼齿而向外反曲；后者果实较大、花柱与萼齿同长或稍长，直立而不向外反卷。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Sanicula elata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don
软雀花 ruan que hua
Plants 20–80 cm high. Stem erect, branched above, upper parts purplish brown-tinged. Basal leaves several; petioles 5–25 cm; blade broadly ovate-cordate or subpentagonal, 3–7 × 4–10 cm, palmately 3(–5)-parted, irregularly serrate, teeth mucronate; central segment obovate or rhombic, shallowly 2–3-parted, base cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral segments oblique-ovate, often 2-parted. Cauline leaves short-petiolate; blade 3(–5)-parted, upper leaves greatly reduced. Inflorescence cymose branched, terminal branch often very short, lateral branches elongate; bracts 2, lanceolate; rays ca. 5 mm, unequal; bracteoles 7–10, linear; umbellules 4–8-flowered. Staminate flowers 1–4 per umbellule, pedicels 1–1.5 mm; petals white, pale yellow or pale blue. Fertile flowers 3(or 4) per umbellule; calyx teeth shorter than bristles, persistent; styles 2-times longer than calyx teeth, recurved. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, densely covered with uncinate bristles; vittae 5, small, commissural vittae 2, larger. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
Forests, stream banks; 800–3200 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; E Africa].
The species has reputed medicinal value. It is a widespread and very variable species, and the leaf dissection tends to intergrade with that of Sanicula astrantiifolia in E Himalayan material.
别名：高变豆菜;变豆菜;锯叶变豆菜;水茯苓;三叶七;
科名：伞形科 Umbelliferae
属名：变豆菜属 Sanicula
13．软雀花（拟）三叶七、水茯苓（四川）图版25
Sanicula elata Hamilt. in D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183. 1825; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 56. 1867; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 178. 1875; Chermezon in Fl. Gen. L’Indo-chine 2: 1141. 1923; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 708 1933; Shan in Sinensia 7 (4): 488. 1936. ——S. hermaphrodita Hamilt. ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 183. 1825. ——S. montana Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: 882. 1826——S. europaea var. elata de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 421. 1906.
多年生草本，高20-80厘米。根圆锥形，直生或斜生，侧根细长。茎通常单生，直立，无毛，有纵条纹，下部草绿色或紫褐色，上部为重复的叉式分枝。基生叶少至多数，有长柄，叶片宽卵状心形，圆心形或近五角形，长3-7厘米，宽4-10厘米，掌状3裂，也有5裂，中间裂片楔状倒卵形、卵形或卵状披针形，中部以上常有2-3浅裂，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，侧面裂片斜卵形，与中间裂片相近似，下部边缘常有2浅裂或深裂，有时呈不规则的羽状浅裂或缺刻状，所有裂片边缘有锯齿，齿端有小尖头；茎生叶有短柄，掌状3 (-5) 裂，裂片的形状、大小与基生叶相似或略小；最上部的茎生叶有短柄或无柄，通常3裂，裂片卵状披针形。花序2-4回叉式分枝，侧枝较开展而伸长，顶部和中间的分枝短缩，长0.5-2厘米，有些侧生的伞形花序近于无柄；总苞片2，很少1，对生，无柄，披针形，全缘或疏生1-3刺毛状的齿；伞形花序2-3出；伞辐不等长，长约5毫米；小总苞片7-10，卵状披针形至线形，长约1毫米，有1脉；小伞形花序有花4-8；雄花1-4，花柄长1-1.5毫米；萼齿线状披针形至刺毛状，长约1毫米、宽0.4毫米、顶端尖锐；花瓣白色、淡黄色至淡蓝色、倒卵形、与萼齿等长或超过，顶端内凹；花丝长约1.5毫米，花药长0.8毫米；两性花通常3，很少为4，近无柄或有1毫米长的短柄；萼齿和花瓣形状同雄花；花柱长于萼齿2倍，向外反曲。果实球状卵形，长2.5-3毫米，宽2-2.5毫米，宿存的萼齿通常为皮刺所覆盖或有1/2-2/3伸出，皮刺呈钩状；油管小，合生面两侧有2个较大的油管。胚乳腹面微凹。花果期5-10月。
产广西、四川、云南、西藏等省区。生长在海拔1000-3300米的林下或河沟边。日本、越南、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸、印度、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、斯里兰卡、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、扎伊尔及非洲东南部和马达加斯加也有分布。
全草可供药用。
本种在外形上与变豆菜 S. chinensis Bunge 很相似，区别在于本种果实较小；花柱长于萼齿而向外反曲；后者果实较大、花柱与萼齿同长或稍长，直立而不向外反卷。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Sanicula elata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don
软雀花 ruan que hua
Plants 20–80 cm high. Stem erect, branched above, upper parts purplish brown-tinged. Basal leaves several; petioles 5–25 cm; blade broadly ovate-cordate or subpentagonal, 3–7 × 4–10 cm, palmately 3(–5)-parted, irregularly serrate, teeth mucronate; central segment obovate or rhombic, shallowly 2–3-parted, base cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral segments oblique-ovate, often 2-parted. Cauline leaves short-petiolate; blade 3(–5)-parted, upper leaves greatly reduced. Inflorescence cymose branched, terminal branch often very short, lateral branches elongate; bracts 2, lanceolate; rays ca. 5 mm, unequal; bracteoles 7–10, linear; umbellules 4–8-flowered. Staminate flowers 1–4 per umbellule, pedicels 1–1.5 mm; petals white, pale yellow or pale blue. Fertile flowers 3(or 4) per umbellule; calyx teeth shorter than bristles, persistent; styles 2-times longer than calyx teeth, recurved. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, densely covered with uncinate bristles; vittae 5, small, commissural vittae 2, larger. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
Forests, stream banks; 800–3200 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; E Africa].
The species has reputed medicinal value. It is a widespread and very variable species, and the leaf dissection tends to intergrade with that of Sanicula astrantiifolia in E Himalayan material.