常绿榆Ulmus lanceaefolia Roxb.
常绿榆Ulmus lanceaefolia Roxb.
23. 常绿榆（中国高等植物图鉴） 滇榆（中国树木分类学），常绿滇榆（树木学）图版117: 1-2
Ulmus lanceaefolia Roxb. apud Wall. Icon. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 86. t. 200. 1831; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 3: 263. 1916; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 101. 1929; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学214. 1937; 树木学, 上册: 453. 1961; 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 468. 图935. 1972;Soepadomo in van Steenis,, Fl. Malesiana 8(2): 40. f. 2. 4-7.1977; 傅立国, 东北林学院学报1980(3): 20. 1980; A. J. C. Grieson, Fl. Bhutan 1(1): 83. 1983; 云南树木图志, 中册: 637.图345(1-2). 1990. ——U. lancifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 66. 1832; Planch. in DC. Prodr. 17: 162. 1873; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 480. 1888; Schneid. Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 904. f. 565. f. 1912; Brandis, Ind. Trees 594. 1921.
常绿乔木，高达30米，胸径40-80厘米；树皮淡黄灰色或栗褐色；当年生枝密被短柔毛，去年生枝多少被毛，有散生皮孔，小枝无木栓翅及膨大的木栓层；冬芽卵圆形，芽鳞背面多少被毛，先端有长毛。叶宿存或第二年春季脱落，披针形、卵状披针形或长圆状披针形，稀长椭圆形、长圆形或卵形，质地厚，长3-12（常5-10)厘米，宽1-4（常2-3.5)厘米，中脉两侧不对称，先端长渐尖，基部偏斜，一边楔形或微圆，一边圆楔形至半心脏形，叶面除中脉凹陷处有毛外，余处无毛，亮绿色，叶背色较浅，仅基部近叶柄处有毛，边缘具钝而整齐的单锯齿；叶柄长2-7毫米，密被短柔毛，或下面毛较少或几无毛。花出自花芽，常3-11排成簇状聚伞花序，生于当年生枝或去年生枝的叶腋。翅果常明显偏斜，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，稀长圆形或近圆形，基部有明显的子房柄，长1.7-3.7厘米，宽1.3-2.4厘米，除顶端缺口柱头面具毛外，余处无毛，果核部分位于翅果中上部，上端接近缺口，宿存花被上部杯状。下部管状，无毛，花被片裂至杯状花被的近中部，果梗细长，密生短毛，长及花被的2-3倍。花果期2月下旬至4月初，成熟后不立即脱落，可在树上宿存数月之久。
分布于云南南部至西部。生于海拔500-1 500 米地带之山坡、溪旁的常绿阔叶林中。在云南南部常与思茅黄肉楠、钝叶桂、普文楠及木莲等树种混生，组成第二层林。老挝、缅甸、印度、不丹也有分布。
木材坚韧，硬度适中。可供建筑、家具、器具、车辆、造船及农具等用材。
常绿榆的花期曾有文献记为秋季或冬季。经查核大量标本、文献（包括原始记载）及野外观察，其开花时期应为春季2月。本种近越南榆 U. tonkinensis Gagnep., 区别在于花春季开放，簇状聚伞花序不仅生于当年生枝的叶腋，而且还常生于去年生枝上，花梗及果梗均密生短毛，翅果常明显偏斜，多为倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长达3.7厘米，基部有明显的子房柄，长3-6毫米。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Ulmus lanceifolia Roxburgh ex Wallich
常绿榆 chang lü yu
Ulmus tonkinensis Gagnepain.
Trees, to 30 m tall, d.b.h. 40-80 cm, evergreen. Bark yellowish gray to chestnut brown, exfoliating in irregular flakes. Branchlets brown to red-brown, pubescent when young, ± pubescent with age, unwinged and without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels. Winter buds dark brown to red-brown, ovoid-orbicular, pubescent or glabrous. Petiole 2-7 mm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or narrowly orbicular-lanceolate, 3-10(-11) × 1.5-3.5 cm, thick, abaxially pea green and pubescent only near petiole or occasionally with a few hairs on midvein, adaxially lustrous green and pubescent only on midvein, base rounded or ± oblique and asymmetric, margin obtusely regularly simply serrate, apex acuminate; midvein depressed; secondary veins 6-18 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences fascicled cymes, 3-11-flowered. Flowers from floral buds. Perianth glabrous or margin ciliate. Samaras orange-brown, obovate, orbicular-obovate, or ± orbicular, strongly oblique, 1.2-2.8 × 1.2-2.1 cm, glabrous except for pubescence on stigmatic surface in notch; stalk shorter than perianth, glabrous or pubescent; perianth persistent. Seed at center or toward apex of samara. Fl. and fr. winter or early spring, rarely in autumn. 2n = 28.
300-1500 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
Ulmus lanceifolia has been reported from Nepal (Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 205. 1982), but this identity is uncertain.
别名：滇榆、披针叶榆
科名：榆科 Ulmaceae
属名：榆属 Ulmus
23. 常绿榆（中国高等植物图鉴） 滇榆（中国树木分类学），常绿滇榆（树木学）图版117: 1-2
Ulmus lanceaefolia Roxb. apud Wall. Icon. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 86. t. 200. 1831; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 3: 263. 1916; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 101. 1929; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学214. 1937; 树木学, 上册: 453. 1961; 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 468. 图935. 1972;Soepadomo in van Steenis,, Fl. Malesiana 8(2): 40. f. 2. 4-7.1977; 傅立国, 东北林学院学报1980(3): 20. 1980; A. J. C. Grieson, Fl. Bhutan 1(1): 83. 1983; 云南树木图志, 中册: 637.图345(1-2). 1990. ——U. lancifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 66. 1832; Planch. in DC. Prodr. 17: 162. 1873; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 480. 1888; Schneid. Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 904. f. 565. f. 1912; Brandis, Ind. Trees 594. 1921.
常绿乔木，高达30米，胸径40-80厘米；树皮淡黄灰色或栗褐色；当年生枝密被短柔毛，去年生枝多少被毛，有散生皮孔，小枝无木栓翅及膨大的木栓层；冬芽卵圆形，芽鳞背面多少被毛，先端有长毛。叶宿存或第二年春季脱落，披针形、卵状披针形或长圆状披针形，稀长椭圆形、长圆形或卵形，质地厚，长3-12（常5-10)厘米，宽1-4（常2-3.5)厘米，中脉两侧不对称，先端长渐尖，基部偏斜，一边楔形或微圆，一边圆楔形至半心脏形，叶面除中脉凹陷处有毛外，余处无毛，亮绿色，叶背色较浅，仅基部近叶柄处有毛，边缘具钝而整齐的单锯齿；叶柄长2-7毫米，密被短柔毛，或下面毛较少或几无毛。花出自花芽，常3-11排成簇状聚伞花序，生于当年生枝或去年生枝的叶腋。翅果常明显偏斜，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，稀长圆形或近圆形，基部有明显的子房柄，长1.7-3.7厘米，宽1.3-2.4厘米，除顶端缺口柱头面具毛外，余处无毛，果核部分位于翅果中上部，上端接近缺口，宿存花被上部杯状。下部管状，无毛，花被片裂至杯状花被的近中部，果梗细长，密生短毛，长及花被的2-3倍。花果期2月下旬至4月初，成熟后不立即脱落，可在树上宿存数月之久。
分布于云南南部至西部。生于海拔500-1 500 米地带之山坡、溪旁的常绿阔叶林中。在云南南部常与思茅黄肉楠、钝叶桂、普文楠及木莲等树种混生，组成第二层林。老挝、缅甸、印度、不丹也有分布。
木材坚韧，硬度适中。可供建筑、家具、器具、车辆、造船及农具等用材。
常绿榆的花期曾有文献记为秋季或冬季。经查核大量标本、文献（包括原始记载）及野外观察，其开花时期应为春季2月。本种近越南榆 U. tonkinensis Gagnep., 区别在于花春季开放，簇状聚伞花序不仅生于当年生枝的叶腋，而且还常生于去年生枝上，花梗及果梗均密生短毛，翅果常明显偏斜，多为倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长达3.7厘米，基部有明显的子房柄，长3-6毫米。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Ulmus lanceifolia Roxburgh ex Wallich
常绿榆 chang lü yu
Ulmus tonkinensis Gagnepain.
Trees, to 30 m tall, d.b.h. 40-80 cm, evergreen. Bark yellowish gray to chestnut brown, exfoliating in irregular flakes. Branchlets brown to red-brown, pubescent when young, ± pubescent with age, unwinged and without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels. Winter buds dark brown to red-brown, ovoid-orbicular, pubescent or glabrous. Petiole 2-7 mm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or narrowly orbicular-lanceolate, 3-10(-11) × 1.5-3.5 cm, thick, abaxially pea green and pubescent only near petiole or occasionally with a few hairs on midvein, adaxially lustrous green and pubescent only on midvein, base rounded or ± oblique and asymmetric, margin obtusely regularly simply serrate, apex acuminate; midvein depressed; secondary veins 6-18 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences fascicled cymes, 3-11-flowered. Flowers from floral buds. Perianth glabrous or margin ciliate. Samaras orange-brown, obovate, orbicular-obovate, or ± orbicular, strongly oblique, 1.2-2.8 × 1.2-2.1 cm, glabrous except for pubescence on stigmatic surface in notch; stalk shorter than perianth, glabrous or pubescent; perianth persistent. Seed at center or toward apex of samara. Fl. and fr. winter or early spring, rarely in autumn. 2n = 28.
300-1500 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
Ulmus lanceifolia has been reported from Nepal (Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 205. 1982), but this identity is uncertain.