卵果蕨Phegopteriis connectilis (Michx.) Watt
卵果蕨Phegopteriis connectilis (Michx.) Watt
1.卵果蕨（中国高等植物图鉴）广羽金星蕨（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）长柄卵果蕨（台湾植物志）长柄假金星蕨（台湾植物志，第二版）图版15：1-8
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt in Canad. Nat. & Quart. Journ. Sci. n. s. 3: 29. 1866; Morton in Amer. Fern Journ. 57: 177. 1967; Holtt. in Blumea 17: 10. 1969 et 19(1): 26. 1971; Kuo, in Fl. Taiwan 1: 424. 1975; Love, Love et Pich. Ser., Cytotax. Atl. Pterid. 198. 1977; Kramer, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Europa 1: 124. f. 106-107. 1984; Dixit, Cens. Ind. Pterid. 110. 1984; Cody et Britton, Ferns & Fern Allies Canada 251. f. 130. 1989; Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. (rev. & enlarg.) 501. f. 501. 1992; A. R. Sm. in Fl. North Amer. 2: 222. 1993; Tsai et Shieh, in Fl. Taiwan 2ed. 1: 392. 1994. ——Polypodium connectilis Michx. in Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 271. 1803.——Phegopteri polypodioides Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1852; Christ, Farker. d. Erde 275. 1897; H. Ito in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 151. 1939. et Fil. Jap. Ill. f. 341. 1944; Manton, Prob. Cytol. Evel. Pterid. 82. 1950; Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 107. t. 40, f. 227. 1959; Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 312. 1963; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 206. f. 412. 1972; Fl. Tsinling. 2: 131. t. 33. f. 1-3. 1974; Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae. Pterid. Sin. 299. 1976; 丁宝章等, 河南植物志 1: 75. f. 91. 1981; Nakaike et Malik in Crypt. Fl. Pakistan 1: 266. 1992. ——Polypodium phegopteris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753; Ledeb., Fl. Amu. 337. 1859; Hook., Brit. Fern t. 3. 1861. et Sp. Fil. 4: 245. 1867; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2, Bot. 1: 308. 1880; Hope in Journ. Bomabay Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 79. 1903. ——Polystichum phegopteris (L.) Roth, Rem. Arch. 2: 106. 1799. et Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 72. 1800. ——Lastrea phegopteris (L.) Bory in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 233. 1826; Cop., Gen. Fil. 137. 1947; Owhi, Fl. Jap. Pterid. 94. 1957. ——Aspidium phegopterum (L.) Daumg., Enum. Stirp. Tans. 4: 28. 1846. ——Gymnocarpium phegopteris (L.) Newm. in Phytol. 4: 23. 1851. ——Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Keys, Pol. Cyath. Herb. Bung. 50. 1873. ——Nephrodium phegopteris (L.) Prantl, Excur. Bayern 23. 1844; Dielsin Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 170. 1899; Matsum, Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 323. 1904.——Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 284. 1906. et in Bot. Gaz. 56. 322. 1913; Kom., Fl. Pen. Kantsch. 1: 62. 1927; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. 1: Pl, 22. 1928; Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sib. Orient. extr. 5: 85. 1930.——Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. in Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 1043. 1917; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 277. 1936; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 (蕨类植物门) 131. f. 169. 1957; 张玉良等, 东北草本植物志, 1: 47. f. 40. 1958; K. Iwats. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto B, 31(3): 136. 1965 et Ferns & Fern AlliesJap. 210. pl. 133, 1-2. ——Phegopteris vulgaris Mett., Fil. Hort. Lips. 83. 1856. nom. illeg. et Farngat. Pheg. & Aspid. n. 19. 1858; J. Sm., Ferns Brit. & For. 171. 1866; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 290. 1883.
植株高25-40厘米。根状茎长而横走，粗1-2厘米，先端被亮棕色、卵状披针形的薄鳞片。叶远生；叶柄长15-30厘米，基部粗约2毫米，褐棕色，疏被鳞片，向上为禾秆色，近光滑；叶片三角形，先端渐尖并羽裂，长13-20厘米，基部宽10-18厘米，二回羽裂；羽片约10对，通常对生，平展，披针形，基部一对最大，略向下斜展，渐尖头，基部略变狭或不变狭，与第二对羽片分离，相距1-1.5厘米，长5-9厘米，宽1-2厘米，裂片长圆形，先端圆或钝，边缘全缘或波状浅裂；其上各对羽片渐次缩小，基部沿叶轴以倒三角形翅彼此相连；叶脉羽状，侧脉单一或偶有分叉。叶草质或纸质，干后灰绿色或黄绿色，两面疏被灰白色针状长毛，沿叶轴和羽轴多少被小鳞片；鳞片浅棕色，长卵状披针形，边缘有疏缘毛。孢子囊群卵圆形或圆形，背生于侧脉的近顶端，靠近叶边，无盖；孢子囊顶部近环带处有一二刚毛；孢子外壁光滑，周壁表面高低不平，具颗粒状纹饰。染色体2n＝60，90。
产黑龙江（饶河）、吉林（抚松、安图、长白山）、辽宁、河南（滦川、卢氏、西陕、老君山）、陕西（眉县、宁陕、佛坪、太白山）、四川（峨眉山、大相岭）、贵州（印江、梵净山）、云南（大关，白沙岭）。生林下，海拔1200-3140米。广布北半球温带地区，向南到中亚山地和喜马拉雅地区。模式标本采自北美。
本种和仅产于北美的姊妹种，六角卵果蕨Phegopteris hexagonopteris（Michx.）Fee形体极为相似，但后者的羽片向基部明显变狭，基部一对羽片和第二对羽片的倒三角下延的翅相连；叶薄草质，两面被疏短毛，侧脉常为二叉。虽然本种有时第二对羽片基部亦多少以倒三角形的翅下延，但极少和第一对羽片相连，且毛被和质地截然不同。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Phegopteris connectilis (Michaux) Watt Canad. Naturalist Geol., n.s. 3: 159. 1866.
卵果蕨 luan guo jue
Polypodium connectile Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 271. 1803; Aspidium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Baumgarten; Dryopteris phegopteris (Linnaeus) C. Christensen; Gymnocarpium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Newman; Nephrodium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Prantl; Phegopteris polypodioides Fée; P. vulgaris Mettenius; Polypodium phegopteris Linnaeus; Polystichum phegopteris (Linnaeus) Roth; Thelypteris phegopteris (Linnaeus) Slosson.
Plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhizome long creeping, with bright brown, ovate-lanceolate thin scales at apex. Fronds remote; stipe dark brown at base, stramineous distally, 15-30 cm, sparsely scaly, nearly smooth; lamina bipinnatifid, deltoid, 13-20 × 10-18 cm, acuminate and pinnatifid at apex; pinnae ca. 10 pairs, usually opposite, spreading, lanceolate, 5-9 × 1-2 cm, basal pair largest, bases slightly or not tapering, free from second pair of pinnae, slightly deflexed, apices acuminate; segments oblong, entire, undulate, or lobed along margins, rounded or obtuse at apices; distal pinnae gradually shortened, bases connected along rachises by triangular wings. Veins pinnate, lateral veins simple or occasionally forked. Fronds herbaceous or papery, drying gray-green or yellowish green, with sparse gray-white acicular hairs on both surfaces, ± with small scales along rachises and costae; scales brownish, ovate-lanceolate and ciliate along margins. Sori ovate-orbicular or orbicular, borne at or near ends of ultimate veins and close to margins. Sporangia with 1 or 2 hairs near annulus. 2n = 60, 90.
Forests, shrublands; 1200-3600 m. Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [widely distributed in temperate regions of the N Hemisphere, south to mountains of C Asia and the Himalaya].
Phegopteris connectilis is similar to P. hexagonoptera (Michaux) Fée, which occurs in North America only. In P. connectilis, the proximal pinnae taper to their bases, the proximal and subbasal pinnae are not connected by decurrent wings along the rachis, the laminae are thinly herbaceous and sparsely shortly hairy on both surfaces, and the lateral veins are mostly simple. Phegopteris hexagonoptera has the proximal pair of pinnae connected to the next pair by a wing along the rachis, shorter laminar hairs (less than 0.25 mm vs. mostly 0.3-0.5 mm or longer in P. connectilis), and ultimate veins forked or pinnate.
别名：long beechfern;广羽金星蕨;长柄卵果蕨;长柄假金星蕨;
科名：金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae
属名：卵果蕨属 Phegopteriis
1.卵果蕨（中国高等植物图鉴）广羽金星蕨（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）长柄卵果蕨（台湾植物志）长柄假金星蕨（台湾植物志，第二版）图版15：1-8
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt in Canad. Nat. & Quart. Journ. Sci. n. s. 3: 29. 1866; Morton in Amer. Fern Journ. 57: 177. 1967; Holtt. in Blumea 17: 10. 1969 et 19(1): 26. 1971; Kuo, in Fl. Taiwan 1: 424. 1975; Love, Love et Pich. Ser., Cytotax. Atl. Pterid. 198. 1977; Kramer, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Europa 1: 124. f. 106-107. 1984; Dixit, Cens. Ind. Pterid. 110. 1984; Cody et Britton, Ferns & Fern Allies Canada 251. f. 130. 1989; Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. (rev. & enlarg.) 501. f. 501. 1992; A. R. Sm. in Fl. North Amer. 2: 222. 1993; Tsai et Shieh, in Fl. Taiwan 2ed. 1: 392. 1994. ——Polypodium connectilis Michx. in Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 271. 1803.——Phegopteri polypodioides Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1852; Christ, Farker. d. Erde 275. 1897; H. Ito in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 151. 1939. et Fil. Jap. Ill. f. 341. 1944; Manton, Prob. Cytol. Evel. Pterid. 82. 1950; Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 107. t. 40, f. 227. 1959; Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 312. 1963; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 206. f. 412. 1972; Fl. Tsinling. 2: 131. t. 33. f. 1-3. 1974; Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae. Pterid. Sin. 299. 1976; 丁宝章等, 河南植物志 1: 75. f. 91. 1981; Nakaike et Malik in Crypt. Fl. Pakistan 1: 266. 1992. ——Polypodium phegopteris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753; Ledeb., Fl. Amu. 337. 1859; Hook., Brit. Fern t. 3. 1861. et Sp. Fil. 4: 245. 1867; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2, Bot. 1: 308. 1880; Hope in Journ. Bomabay Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 79. 1903. ——Polystichum phegopteris (L.) Roth, Rem. Arch. 2: 106. 1799. et Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 72. 1800. ——Lastrea phegopteris (L.) Bory in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 233. 1826; Cop., Gen. Fil. 137. 1947; Owhi, Fl. Jap. Pterid. 94. 1957. ——Aspidium phegopterum (L.) Daumg., Enum. Stirp. Tans. 4: 28. 1846. ——Gymnocarpium phegopteris (L.) Newm. in Phytol. 4: 23. 1851. ——Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Keys, Pol. Cyath. Herb. Bung. 50. 1873. ——Nephrodium phegopteris (L.) Prantl, Excur. Bayern 23. 1844; Dielsin Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 170. 1899; Matsum, Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 323. 1904.——Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 284. 1906. et in Bot. Gaz. 56. 322. 1913; Kom., Fl. Pen. Kantsch. 1: 62. 1927; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. 1: Pl, 22. 1928; Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sib. Orient. extr. 5: 85. 1930.——Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. in Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 1043. 1917; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 277. 1936; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 (蕨类植物门) 131. f. 169. 1957; 张玉良等, 东北草本植物志, 1: 47. f. 40. 1958; K. Iwats. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto B, 31(3): 136. 1965 et Ferns & Fern AlliesJap. 210. pl. 133, 1-2. ——Phegopteris vulgaris Mett., Fil. Hort. Lips. 83. 1856. nom. illeg. et Farngat. Pheg. & Aspid. n. 19. 1858; J. Sm., Ferns Brit. & For. 171. 1866; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 290. 1883.
植株高25-40厘米。根状茎长而横走，粗1-2厘米，先端被亮棕色、卵状披针形的薄鳞片。叶远生；叶柄长15-30厘米，基部粗约2毫米，褐棕色，疏被鳞片，向上为禾秆色，近光滑；叶片三角形，先端渐尖并羽裂，长13-20厘米，基部宽10-18厘米，二回羽裂；羽片约10对，通常对生，平展，披针形，基部一对最大，略向下斜展，渐尖头，基部略变狭或不变狭，与第二对羽片分离，相距1-1.5厘米，长5-9厘米，宽1-2厘米，裂片长圆形，先端圆或钝，边缘全缘或波状浅裂；其上各对羽片渐次缩小，基部沿叶轴以倒三角形翅彼此相连；叶脉羽状，侧脉单一或偶有分叉。叶草质或纸质，干后灰绿色或黄绿色，两面疏被灰白色针状长毛，沿叶轴和羽轴多少被小鳞片；鳞片浅棕色，长卵状披针形，边缘有疏缘毛。孢子囊群卵圆形或圆形，背生于侧脉的近顶端，靠近叶边，无盖；孢子囊顶部近环带处有一二刚毛；孢子外壁光滑，周壁表面高低不平，具颗粒状纹饰。染色体2n＝60，90。
产黑龙江（饶河）、吉林（抚松、安图、长白山）、辽宁、河南（滦川、卢氏、西陕、老君山）、陕西（眉县、宁陕、佛坪、太白山）、四川（峨眉山、大相岭）、贵州（印江、梵净山）、云南（大关，白沙岭）。生林下，海拔1200-3140米。广布北半球温带地区，向南到中亚山地和喜马拉雅地区。模式标本采自北美。
本种和仅产于北美的姊妹种，六角卵果蕨Phegopteris hexagonopteris（Michx.）Fee形体极为相似，但后者的羽片向基部明显变狭，基部一对羽片和第二对羽片的倒三角下延的翅相连；叶薄草质，两面被疏短毛，侧脉常为二叉。虽然本种有时第二对羽片基部亦多少以倒三角形的翅下延，但极少和第一对羽片相连，且毛被和质地截然不同。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Phegopteris connectilis (Michaux) Watt Canad. Naturalist Geol., n.s. 3: 159. 1866.
卵果蕨 luan guo jue
Polypodium connectile Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 271. 1803; Aspidium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Baumgarten; Dryopteris phegopteris (Linnaeus) C. Christensen; Gymnocarpium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Newman; Nephrodium phegopteris (Linnaeus) Prantl; Phegopteris polypodioides Fée; P. vulgaris Mettenius; Polypodium phegopteris Linnaeus; Polystichum phegopteris (Linnaeus) Roth; Thelypteris phegopteris (Linnaeus) Slosson.
Plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhizome long creeping, with bright brown, ovate-lanceolate thin scales at apex. Fronds remote; stipe dark brown at base, stramineous distally, 15-30 cm, sparsely scaly, nearly smooth; lamina bipinnatifid, deltoid, 13-20 × 10-18 cm, acuminate and pinnatifid at apex; pinnae ca. 10 pairs, usually opposite, spreading, lanceolate, 5-9 × 1-2 cm, basal pair largest, bases slightly or not tapering, free from second pair of pinnae, slightly deflexed, apices acuminate; segments oblong, entire, undulate, or lobed along margins, rounded or obtuse at apices; distal pinnae gradually shortened, bases connected along rachises by triangular wings. Veins pinnate, lateral veins simple or occasionally forked. Fronds herbaceous or papery, drying gray-green or yellowish green, with sparse gray-white acicular hairs on both surfaces, ± with small scales along rachises and costae; scales brownish, ovate-lanceolate and ciliate along margins. Sori ovate-orbicular or orbicular, borne at or near ends of ultimate veins and close to margins. Sporangia with 1 or 2 hairs near annulus. 2n = 60, 90.
Forests, shrublands; 1200-3600 m. Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [widely distributed in temperate regions of the N Hemisphere, south to mountains of C Asia and the Himalaya].
Phegopteris connectilis is similar to P. hexagonoptera (Michaux) Fée, which occurs in North America only. In P. connectilis, the proximal pinnae taper to their bases, the proximal and subbasal pinnae are not connected by decurrent wings along the rachis, the laminae are thinly herbaceous and sparsely shortly hairy on both surfaces, and the lateral veins are mostly simple. Phegopteris hexagonoptera has the proximal pair of pinnae connected to the next pair by a wing along the rachis, shorter laminar hairs (less than 0.25 mm vs. mostly 0.3-0.5 mm or longer in P. connectilis), and ultimate veins forked or pinnate.