普通针毛蕨Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching
普通针毛蕨Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching
6.普通针毛蕨（植物分类学报）华南金星蕨（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）图版：14：7-12.
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310. 1963; Ching et S. H. Wu in W. Y. Chun, Fl. Hainan 1: 120. f. 53, 1964; Holtt. in Blumea 17: 27. 1969; Allertonia 1: 17. f. 7. 1977 et Fl. Males. Ser 2, 1(5): 348. 1981; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 205. f. 410. 1972; Kuo in Fl. Taiwan 1: 417. 1975; Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 289. f. 93a, t. 59: 7-8. 1976; Fl. Fujian. 1: 136. f. 126. 1982; 蒋木青, 安徽植物志 1: 116. f. 109. 1985; Andrews, Ferns Queensl. 361. f. 36, lA. 1990; Shing in J. F. Cheng et G. F. Chu, Fl. Jiangxi 1: 191. f. 180. 1993 et in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 94. 1993. C. F. Zhang et S. Y. Zhang, Fl. Zhejiang 1: 151. f. 1-154. 1993.——Polystichum torresianum Gaud. in Freyc., Voy Bot. 333. 1824.——Lastrea torresiana Moore, Ind. Fil. 86. 1858; Cop., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2: 331. 1960. ——Thelypteris torresiana Alston in Lilloa 30: 111. 1960; K. Iwats. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto B, 31: 151. 1965 et Ferns & Fern Allies Jap. 213. 1992. proparte; Tagawa et K. Iwats. in Fl. Thailand 3(3): 398. 1988.——Aspidium uliginosum Kze. in Linn. 20: 6. 1847. ——Dryopteris uliginosa C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 100. 1934. non Druce 1908. ——Thelypteris uliginosa Ching Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 342, 1936; Tard.-Blot et C. Chr. Fl. Indo-Chine 7(3): 371. 1941; DeVol, Ferns & Fern Allies East Cent. Chin. in Mus. Heude Notes Bot. Chin. 7: 63. 1945; Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal. 2: 241. 1954; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说(蕨类植物门) 133. 1957.——Polypodium tenericaule Wall. ex Hook. in Journ. Bot. Kew Mus. 9: 3530. descr. 1857; in Blamiston, Five Months on the Yangtze 365. 1862; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 459. 1861. ——Lastrea tenericaulis Moore, Ind. Fil. 99. 1858; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 266. 1883; Tagawa, Col, Ill. Jap. Pterid. 113. 223. 1959. ——Nephrodium tenericaule Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 142. 1862. excl. pl. 269; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2, Bot 1: 528. 1880.——Dryopteris tenericaulis Ching in Sinensia 3: 325. 1933. pro parte. ——Polypodium trichodes J. Sm. in Journ. Bot. 3: 394. 1841. ——Nephrodium setigerum Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. 284. 1827. pro parte; Dunn et Tutcher, in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 348. 1912.——Dryopteris setigera C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 292. 1906. pro parte; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 9. 1927. ——Aspidium mollissium Christ in Bull. Boiss. 6: 968. 1898.——Dryopteris mollissima C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 278. 1906. ——Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata in Journ. coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 417. 1911; Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 193. 1933. ——Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34: 142. 1920; H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 49: 365. 1935. ——Thelypteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 589. 1938 et in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 144. 1939.
植株高60-150厘米。根状茎短，直立或斜升，顶端密被红棕色、有毛的线状披针形鳞片。叶簇生；叶柄长30-70厘米，粗3-5毫米，灰绿色，干后禾秆色，基部被短毛，向上近光滑；叶片长30-80厘米，下部宽20-50厘米，三角状卵形，先端渐尖并羽裂，基部不变狭，三回羽状；羽片约15对，近对生，斜上，下部的相距6-10厘米，柄长2-2.5厘米，基部一对最大，长10-30厘米，宽4-12厘米，长圆披针形，渐尖头，基部略变狭，上侧与叶轴并行，下侧斜向下，二回羽状；一回小羽片15-20对，互生，斜上，向上的多少与羽轴合生并下延而彼此相连，下部数对略有短柄，长3-10厘米，宽0.8-2厘米，披针形，渐尖头，基部圆楔形，羽状分裂；裂片10-15对，斜上，彼此接近，长4-12毫米，宽2-3毫米，披针形，钝头或钝尖头，基部彼此以狭翅相连，边缘全缘或往往锐裂；第二对以上各对羽片和基部的同形，但基部不变狭，渐次缩短。叶脉不甚明显，侧脉单一或在锐裂的裂片上分叉，斜上，每裂片3-7对。叶草质，干后褐绿色，下面被较多的灰白色、多细胞、开展的细长针状毛和头状短腺毛，上面沿羽轴和小羽被短针毛，叶轴和羽轴浅禾秆色，下面光滑，上面被多细胞的细长针状毛。孢子囊群小，圆形，每裂片2-6对，生于侧脉的近顶部；囊群盖小，圆肾形，淡绿色，成熟时隐没于囊群中，不易见。孢子囊顶部具2-3根头状短毛。孢子圆肾形，周壁表面具稀疏的小刺状及小穴状纹饰。染色体2n＝144，186。
广布于长江以南各省区。向西至四川（峨眉山）和云南东北部（绥江）。生山谷潮湿处，从海岸起上达海拔1000米。分布于缅甸、尼泊尔、不丹、印度、越南、日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚及美洲热带和亚热带地区。模式标本采自西太平洋的马里雅纳群岛。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudichaud) Ching Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310. 1963.
普通针毛蕨 pu tong zhen mao jue
Polystichum torresianum Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 8: 333. 1828; Aspidium mollissimum Christ; A. uliginosum Kunze; Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata; D. mollissima (Christ) C. Christensen; D. oligophlebia (Baker) C. Christensen var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) Nakai; D. tenericaulis (Wallich ex Hooker) Ching; D. uliginosa (Kunze) C. Christensen; Lastrea oligophlebia (Baker) Copeland var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H. It? ex M. Mizushima; L. tenericaulis (Wallich ex Hooker) T. Moore; L. torresiana (Gaudichaud) T. Moore; Nephrodium tenericaule (Wallich ex Hooker) Hooker; Polypodium tenericaule Wallich ex Hooker; P. trichodes J. Smith; Thelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H. It?; T. torresiana (Gaudichaud) Alston; T. uliginosa (Kunze) Ching.
Plants 60-150 cm tall. Rhizomes short, erect or ascending, with dense reddish brown hairy linear-lanceolate scales at apices. Fronds clustered; stipes 30-70 cm, grayish green, when dry stramineous, bases shortly hairy, distally subglabrous; laminae triangular-ovate, 30-80 × 20-50 cm, not tapering at bases, 3-pinnate, acuminate and pinnatifid at apices; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, subopposite, stalks 2-2.5 cm; proximal pairs largest, oblong-lanceolate, 10-30 × 4-12 cm, bases slightly tapering, acroscopic sides parallel with rachises, 2-pinnate, apices acuminate; pinnules of 1-pinnate laminae 15-20 pairs, alternate, distal ones ± adnate to costae and decurrent and connected to each other, proximal several pairs shortly stalked, lanceolate, 3-10 × 0.8-2 cm, rounded-truncate at bases, pinnatifid, acuminate at apices; segments 10-15 pairs, approximate, lanceolate, 4-12 × 2-3 mm, bases connected to each other by narrow wings, margins entire or often sharply lobate, apices obtuse or bluntly pointed; second pair of pinnae of similar shape as proximal pair, but not tapering at bases and gradually shortened. Veins not evident, veinlets simple or forked on sharply lobate segments, 3-7 pairs per segment. Laminae herbaceous, when dry dark brownish green, with more grayish white multicellular spreading long acicular hairs and capitate short glands abaxially, adaxially with short hairs along costae and costules, rachises and costae stramineous, glabrous abaxially, adaxially with multicellular slender hairs. Sori small, 2-6 pairs per segment, attached near ends of veinlets; indusia small, orbicular-reniform, greenish, hidden in mature sori. Sporangia each with 2 or 3 capitate short hairs at top. 2n = 144, 186.
Wet places in mountain valleys; sea level to 1000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam; tropical and subtropical regions of America, Australia, Pacific islands].
别名：swordfern;大金星蕨;华南金星蕨;
科名：金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae
属名：针毛蕨属 Macrothelypteris
6.普通针毛蕨（植物分类学报）华南金星蕨（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）图版：14：7-12.
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310. 1963; Ching et S. H. Wu in W. Y. Chun, Fl. Hainan 1: 120. f. 53, 1964; Holtt. in Blumea 17: 27. 1969; Allertonia 1: 17. f. 7. 1977 et Fl. Males. Ser 2, 1(5): 348. 1981; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 205. f. 410. 1972; Kuo in Fl. Taiwan 1: 417. 1975; Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 289. f. 93a, t. 59: 7-8. 1976; Fl. Fujian. 1: 136. f. 126. 1982; 蒋木青, 安徽植物志 1: 116. f. 109. 1985; Andrews, Ferns Queensl. 361. f. 36, lA. 1990; Shing in J. F. Cheng et G. F. Chu, Fl. Jiangxi 1: 191. f. 180. 1993 et in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 94. 1993. C. F. Zhang et S. Y. Zhang, Fl. Zhejiang 1: 151. f. 1-154. 1993.——Polystichum torresianum Gaud. in Freyc., Voy Bot. 333. 1824.——Lastrea torresiana Moore, Ind. Fil. 86. 1858; Cop., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2: 331. 1960. ——Thelypteris torresiana Alston in Lilloa 30: 111. 1960; K. Iwats. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto B, 31: 151. 1965 et Ferns & Fern Allies Jap. 213. 1992. proparte; Tagawa et K. Iwats. in Fl. Thailand 3(3): 398. 1988.——Aspidium uliginosum Kze. in Linn. 20: 6. 1847. ——Dryopteris uliginosa C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 100. 1934. non Druce 1908. ——Thelypteris uliginosa Ching Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 342, 1936; Tard.-Blot et C. Chr. Fl. Indo-Chine 7(3): 371. 1941; DeVol, Ferns & Fern Allies East Cent. Chin. in Mus. Heude Notes Bot. Chin. 7: 63. 1945; Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal. 2: 241. 1954; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说(蕨类植物门) 133. 1957.——Polypodium tenericaule Wall. ex Hook. in Journ. Bot. Kew Mus. 9: 3530. descr. 1857; in Blamiston, Five Months on the Yangtze 365. 1862; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 459. 1861. ——Lastrea tenericaulis Moore, Ind. Fil. 99. 1858; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 266. 1883; Tagawa, Col, Ill. Jap. Pterid. 113. 223. 1959. ——Nephrodium tenericaule Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 142. 1862. excl. pl. 269; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2, Bot 1: 528. 1880.——Dryopteris tenericaulis Ching in Sinensia 3: 325. 1933. pro parte. ——Polypodium trichodes J. Sm. in Journ. Bot. 3: 394. 1841. ——Nephrodium setigerum Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. 284. 1827. pro parte; Dunn et Tutcher, in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 348. 1912.——Dryopteris setigera C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 292. 1906. pro parte; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 9. 1927. ——Aspidium mollissium Christ in Bull. Boiss. 6: 968. 1898.——Dryopteris mollissima C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 278. 1906. ——Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata in Journ. coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 417. 1911; Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 193. 1933. ——Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34: 142. 1920; H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 49: 365. 1935. ——Thelypteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 589. 1938 et in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 144. 1939.
植株高60-150厘米。根状茎短，直立或斜升，顶端密被红棕色、有毛的线状披针形鳞片。叶簇生；叶柄长30-70厘米，粗3-5毫米，灰绿色，干后禾秆色，基部被短毛，向上近光滑；叶片长30-80厘米，下部宽20-50厘米，三角状卵形，先端渐尖并羽裂，基部不变狭，三回羽状；羽片约15对，近对生，斜上，下部的相距6-10厘米，柄长2-2.5厘米，基部一对最大，长10-30厘米，宽4-12厘米，长圆披针形，渐尖头，基部略变狭，上侧与叶轴并行，下侧斜向下，二回羽状；一回小羽片15-20对，互生，斜上，向上的多少与羽轴合生并下延而彼此相连，下部数对略有短柄，长3-10厘米，宽0.8-2厘米，披针形，渐尖头，基部圆楔形，羽状分裂；裂片10-15对，斜上，彼此接近，长4-12毫米，宽2-3毫米，披针形，钝头或钝尖头，基部彼此以狭翅相连，边缘全缘或往往锐裂；第二对以上各对羽片和基部的同形，但基部不变狭，渐次缩短。叶脉不甚明显，侧脉单一或在锐裂的裂片上分叉，斜上，每裂片3-7对。叶草质，干后褐绿色，下面被较多的灰白色、多细胞、开展的细长针状毛和头状短腺毛，上面沿羽轴和小羽被短针毛，叶轴和羽轴浅禾秆色，下面光滑，上面被多细胞的细长针状毛。孢子囊群小，圆形，每裂片2-6对，生于侧脉的近顶部；囊群盖小，圆肾形，淡绿色，成熟时隐没于囊群中，不易见。孢子囊顶部具2-3根头状短毛。孢子圆肾形，周壁表面具稀疏的小刺状及小穴状纹饰。染色体2n＝144，186。
广布于长江以南各省区。向西至四川（峨眉山）和云南东北部（绥江）。生山谷潮湿处，从海岸起上达海拔1000米。分布于缅甸、尼泊尔、不丹、印度、越南、日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚及美洲热带和亚热带地区。模式标本采自西太平洋的马里雅纳群岛。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudichaud) Ching Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310. 1963.
普通针毛蕨 pu tong zhen mao jue
Polystichum torresianum Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 8: 333. 1828; Aspidium mollissimum Christ; A. uliginosum Kunze; Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata; D. mollissima (Christ) C. Christensen; D. oligophlebia (Baker) C. Christensen var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) Nakai; D. tenericaulis (Wallich ex Hooker) Ching; D. uliginosa (Kunze) C. Christensen; Lastrea oligophlebia (Baker) Copeland var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H. It? ex M. Mizushima; L. tenericaulis (Wallich ex Hooker) T. Moore; L. torresiana (Gaudichaud) T. Moore; Nephrodium tenericaule (Wallich ex Hooker) Hooker; Polypodium tenericaule Wallich ex Hooker; P. trichodes J. Smith; Thelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H. It?; T. torresiana (Gaudichaud) Alston; T. uliginosa (Kunze) Ching.
Plants 60-150 cm tall. Rhizomes short, erect or ascending, with dense reddish brown hairy linear-lanceolate scales at apices. Fronds clustered; stipes 30-70 cm, grayish green, when dry stramineous, bases shortly hairy, distally subglabrous; laminae triangular-ovate, 30-80 × 20-50 cm, not tapering at bases, 3-pinnate, acuminate and pinnatifid at apices; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, subopposite, stalks 2-2.5 cm; proximal pairs largest, oblong-lanceolate, 10-30 × 4-12 cm, bases slightly tapering, acroscopic sides parallel with rachises, 2-pinnate, apices acuminate; pinnules of 1-pinnate laminae 15-20 pairs, alternate, distal ones ± adnate to costae and decurrent and connected to each other, proximal several pairs shortly stalked, lanceolate, 3-10 × 0.8-2 cm, rounded-truncate at bases, pinnatifid, acuminate at apices; segments 10-15 pairs, approximate, lanceolate, 4-12 × 2-3 mm, bases connected to each other by narrow wings, margins entire or often sharply lobate, apices obtuse or bluntly pointed; second pair of pinnae of similar shape as proximal pair, but not tapering at bases and gradually shortened. Veins not evident, veinlets simple or forked on sharply lobate segments, 3-7 pairs per segment. Laminae herbaceous, when dry dark brownish green, with more grayish white multicellular spreading long acicular hairs and capitate short glands abaxially, adaxially with short hairs along costae and costules, rachises and costae stramineous, glabrous abaxially, adaxially with multicellular slender hairs. Sori small, 2-6 pairs per segment, attached near ends of veinlets; indusia small, orbicular-reniform, greenish, hidden in mature sori. Sporangia each with 2 or 3 capitate short hairs at top. 2n = 144, 186.
Wet places in mountain valleys; sea level to 1000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam; tropical and subtropical regions of America, Australia, Pacific islands].