巴山榧树Torreya fargesii Franch.
巴山榧树Torreya fargesii Franch.
3. 巴山榧树（中国树木学） 铁头枞、紫柏（四川南川），篦子杉（中国树木分类学），球果榧（中国裸子植物志） 图版106
Torreya fargesii Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 13: 264. 1899; Pritz. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 214. 1901; Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. 18 Heft, 4(5): 108. 1903; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 4. 1927, ed. 2. 5. 1940, et Bibliogr. 4. 1949; 胡先骕, 科学社生物所论文集 3(5): 4. 1927; Orr in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: t. 256. f. 3. 1937; Dallimore and Jsckson, Handb. Conif. 75. 1923, ed. 3. 102. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo ed. 4. 628. 1966; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 9. 1937, 不包括云南的植物; Cheng in Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse V, 1(2): 90. 1939, pro paste; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志 16. 1945, 再版14. 1951, 均不包括云南的植物; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学 1: 289. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Taiwania 10: 23. 1964; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 335. 图670. 1972. ——Tumion fargesii (Franch.) Skeels in Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash. 38: 88. 1925. ——Torreya grandis auct. non Fort.: Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 7. 1914; Chun, Chinese Econ. Trees 47. 1921, quoad plant. Hupeh. et Szechuan.
乔木，高达12米；树皮深灰色，不规则纵裂；一年生枝绿色，二、三年生枝呈黄绿色或黄色，稀淡褐黄色。叶条形，稀条状披针形，通常直，稀薇弯，长1.3-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，先端微凸尖或微渐尖，具刺状短尖头，基部微偏斜，宽楔形，上面亮绿色，无明显隆起的中脉，通常有两条较明显的凹槽，延伸不达中部以上，稀无凹槽，下面淡绿色，中脉不隆起，气孔带较中脉带为窄，干后呈淡褐色，绿色边带较宽，约为气孔带的一倍。雄球花卵圆形，基部的苞片背部具纵脊，雄蕊常具4个花药，花丝短，药隔三角状，边具细缺齿。种子卵圆形、圆球形或宽椭圆形，肉质假种皮微被白粉，径约1.5厘米，顶端具小凸尖，基部有宿存的苞片；骨质种皮的内壁平滑；胚乳周围显著地向内深皱。花期4-5月，种子9-10月成熟。
为我国特有树种，产于陕西南部、湖北西部、四川东部、东北部及西部峨眉山海拔1000-1800米地带。散生于针、阔叶林中。模式标本采自四川城口。
木材坚硬，结构细致。可作家具、农具等用；种子可榨油。
形态特征：常绿小乔木或灌木。树皮深灰色。叶交叉对生，长1.3-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，先端有刺状短尖头，基部宽楔形，无明显隆起的中脉，下面淡绿色，干后呈淡褐色。种子卵圆形，宽椭圆形或圆球形，长约2厘米，宽1.5厘米，顶端有小尖头。花期4-5月，种子次年9-10月成熟。
用 途：种子可榨油。木材可作家具、家具等
分 布：产新华、宋洛、木鱼坪、松柏。
生 境：生长在海拔800-1500米的山坡、灌木丛中疏林中。
繁殖方式：播种繁殖。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Torreya fargesii Franchet
巴山榧树 ba shan fei shu
Trees or shrubs to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark gray, pale brown, or grayish brown, irregularly vertically fissured, sometimes flaking. Leafy branchlets oblong to elliptic-oblong in outline, 5-13 × 3-7.5 cm, axis green in 1st year, thereafter yellowish. Leaves borne at 55-80° to branchlet axis; petiole 0.5-1 mm; blade shining green adaxially, linear to linear-lanceolate, straight or distally falcate, 1.2-3.6(-4) cm × 2-4 mm, with 2 longitudinal grooves, midvein indistinct adaxially, 0.3-0.6 mm wide abaxially, stomatal bands light brown, (0.15-)0.2-0.3 mm wide, marginal bands 0.5-1.2 mm wide, base broadly cuneate, ± asymmetric, margin flat or very narrowly revolute, apex usually shortly and symmetrically tapered, cuspidate, cusp 0.3-1 mm. Pollen cones pale yellow, ovoid, ca. 5-6 × 4.5-5 mm; bracts in 4-12 pairs in 4 rows, longitudinally ridged. Aril pale green or slightly white powdery, with small apical mucro. Seed ovoid to globose or broadly ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam.; inner wall of seed coat smooth or with 2 opposite longitudinal ridges; female gametophyte tissue conspicuously and deeply ruminate internally. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Sep-Oct of 2nd year.
* Coniferous, mixed, and broad-leaved forests; 1000-3400 m. ?S Anhui, W Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan
Suitable for afforestation and reforestation. The high quality timber is used in constructing houses, bridges, and furniture, and making implements and utensils; an oil is extracted from the seed.
别名：球果香榧;岩柏;铁头榧;巴山榧;篦子枞;篦子丛;篦子杉;榧树;球果榧;球果杉;天丛树;托杉;崖头杉;崖柏;野杉树;野熊树;紫柏;铁头枞;
科名：红豆杉科 Taxaceae
属名：榧树属 Torreya
3. 巴山榧树（中国树木学） 铁头枞、紫柏（四川南川），篦子杉（中国树木分类学），球果榧（中国裸子植物志） 图版106
Torreya fargesii Franch. in Journ. de Bot. 13: 264. 1899; Pritz. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 214. 1901; Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. 18 Heft, 4(5): 108. 1903; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 4. 1927, ed. 2. 5. 1940, et Bibliogr. 4. 1949; 胡先骕, 科学社生物所论文集 3(5): 4. 1927; Orr in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: t. 256. f. 3. 1937; Dallimore and Jsckson, Handb. Conif. 75. 1923, ed. 3. 102. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo ed. 4. 628. 1966; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 9. 1937, 不包括云南的植物; Cheng in Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse V, 1(2): 90. 1939, pro paste; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志 16. 1945, 再版14. 1951, 均不包括云南的植物; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学 1: 289. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Taiwania 10: 23. 1964; 中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 335. 图670. 1972. ——Tumion fargesii (Franch.) Skeels in Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash. 38: 88. 1925. ——Torreya grandis auct. non Fort.: Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 7. 1914; Chun, Chinese Econ. Trees 47. 1921, quoad plant. Hupeh. et Szechuan.
乔木，高达12米；树皮深灰色，不规则纵裂；一年生枝绿色，二、三年生枝呈黄绿色或黄色，稀淡褐黄色。叶条形，稀条状披针形，通常直，稀薇弯，长1.3-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，先端微凸尖或微渐尖，具刺状短尖头，基部微偏斜，宽楔形，上面亮绿色，无明显隆起的中脉，通常有两条较明显的凹槽，延伸不达中部以上，稀无凹槽，下面淡绿色，中脉不隆起，气孔带较中脉带为窄，干后呈淡褐色，绿色边带较宽，约为气孔带的一倍。雄球花卵圆形，基部的苞片背部具纵脊，雄蕊常具4个花药，花丝短，药隔三角状，边具细缺齿。种子卵圆形、圆球形或宽椭圆形，肉质假种皮微被白粉，径约1.5厘米，顶端具小凸尖，基部有宿存的苞片；骨质种皮的内壁平滑；胚乳周围显著地向内深皱。花期4-5月，种子9-10月成熟。
为我国特有树种，产于陕西南部、湖北西部、四川东部、东北部及西部峨眉山海拔1000-1800米地带。散生于针、阔叶林中。模式标本采自四川城口。
木材坚硬，结构细致。可作家具、农具等用；种子可榨油。
形态特征：常绿小乔木或灌木。树皮深灰色。叶交叉对生，长1.3-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，先端有刺状短尖头，基部宽楔形，无明显隆起的中脉，下面淡绿色，干后呈淡褐色。种子卵圆形，宽椭圆形或圆球形，长约2厘米，宽1.5厘米，顶端有小尖头。花期4-5月，种子次年9-10月成熟。
用 途：种子可榨油。木材可作家具、家具等
分 布：产新华、宋洛、木鱼坪、松柏。
生 境：生长在海拔800-1500米的山坡、灌木丛中疏林中。
繁殖方式：播种繁殖。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Torreya fargesii Franchet
巴山榧树 ba shan fei shu
Trees or shrubs to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark gray, pale brown, or grayish brown, irregularly vertically fissured, sometimes flaking. Leafy branchlets oblong to elliptic-oblong in outline, 5-13 × 3-7.5 cm, axis green in 1st year, thereafter yellowish. Leaves borne at 55-80° to branchlet axis; petiole 0.5-1 mm; blade shining green adaxially, linear to linear-lanceolate, straight or distally falcate, 1.2-3.6(-4) cm × 2-4 mm, with 2 longitudinal grooves, midvein indistinct adaxially, 0.3-0.6 mm wide abaxially, stomatal bands light brown, (0.15-)0.2-0.3 mm wide, marginal bands 0.5-1.2 mm wide, base broadly cuneate, ± asymmetric, margin flat or very narrowly revolute, apex usually shortly and symmetrically tapered, cuspidate, cusp 0.3-1 mm. Pollen cones pale yellow, ovoid, ca. 5-6 × 4.5-5 mm; bracts in 4-12 pairs in 4 rows, longitudinally ridged. Aril pale green or slightly white powdery, with small apical mucro. Seed ovoid to globose or broadly ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam.; inner wall of seed coat smooth or with 2 opposite longitudinal ridges; female gametophyte tissue conspicuously and deeply ruminate internally. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Sep-Oct of 2nd year.
* Coniferous, mixed, and broad-leaved forests; 1000-3400 m. ?S Anhui, W Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan
Suitable for afforestation and reforestation. The high quality timber is used in constructing houses, bridges, and furniture, and making implements and utensils; an oil is extracted from the seed.