白豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) W. C. Cheng
白豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) W. C. Cheng
白豆杉(中国树木分类学)短水松(江西井冈山)图版102
Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng,中大林学所报告, 树木学1: 1. 1947; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学1: 282.图133. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Taiwania 10: 20. 1964; Dallimore and Jackson, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo. ed. 4. 557. 1966;中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴1: 333.图666. 1972. ——Taxus chienii Cheng,科学社生物所论文集9: 240. f. 23. 1934; Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 14: 687. 1935;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学7. 图4. 1937; 刘玉壶, 中研汇报1 (2): 144. 1947; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志19. 1945,再版17. 1951. ——Nothotaxus chienii (Cheng) Florin in Acta Hort. Berg. 14 (9), 394. t. 1-3. f. 1-4. 1948.
灌木,高达4米;树皮灰褐色,裂成条片状脱落;一年生小枝圆,近平滑,稀有或疏或密的细小瘤状突起,褐黄色或黄绿色,基部有宿存的芽鳞。叶条形,排列成两列,直或微弯,长1.5-2.6厘米,宽2.5-4.5毫米,先端凸尖,基部近圆形,有短柄,两面中脉隆起,上面光绿色,下面有两条白色气孔带,宽约1.1毫米,较绿色边带为宽或几等宽。种子卵圆形,长5-8毫米,径4-5毫米,上部微扁,顶端有凸起的小尖,成熟时肉质杯状假种皮白色,基部有宿存的苞片。花期3月下旬至5月,种子10月成熟。
产于浙江南部龙泉昂山及凤凰山、江西井冈山、湖南南部莽山及西北部慈利至江娅、广东北部乳源、广西临桂四明山、七分山及上林县大明山等高山上部,生于常绿阔叶树林及落叶阔叶树林中。杭州等地有栽培。模式标本采自浙江龙泉。
木材纹理均匀,结构细致。可作雕刻及器具等用材。叶常绿,种子具白色肉质的假种皮,颇为美观,为优美的庭园树种。
形态特征:常绿灌木或小乔木,高达4米。枝通常近轮生或近对生,基部有宿存芽鳞。叶条形,螺旋状着生,排成两列,直或微弯,先端骤尖,基部近圆形,两面中脉凸起,下面有两条白色气孔带,有短柄,叶内无树脂道。雌雄异株,球花单生叶腋,无梗;雄球花圆球形,基部有4对苞片,雄蕊6——12枚,盾形,交叉对生,花药4—6枚,辐射排列,花丝短,雄蕊之间生有苞片;雌球花基部有7对苞片,排成4列,胚珠1,直立,着生于花轴顶端的苞腋,珠托发育成肉质、杯状、白色的假种皮;种子坚果状,卵圆形,微扁,长5—7毫米,顶端具小尖头,有短梗或无柄。花期3—5月,果期7——10月。2n=26。单种属。
地理分布:浙江:龙泉、遂昌、缙云。江西:德兴、井冈山。湖南:宜章、道县、桑植、慈利、大庸市。广西:临桂、上林县。广东:乳源。地图4.
生 境:散生于常绿落叶阔叶混交林下或落叶阔叶林下,岩石旁或石山上,土壤为棕壤,pH值为4.2—5.5。海拔500—1300米。
属中文名:白豆杉属
属拉丁名:Pseudotaxus
本属特征:常绿灌木或小乔木,高达4米。枝通常近轮生或近对生,基部有宿存芽鳞。叶条形,螺旋状着生,排成两列,直或微弯,先端骤尖,基部近圆形,两面中脉凸起,下面有两条白色气孔带,有短柄,叶内无树脂道。雌雄异株,球花单生叶腋,无梗;雄球花圆球形,基部有4对苞片,雄蕊6——12枚,盾形,交叉对生,花药4—6枚,辐射排列,花丝短,雄蕊之间生有苞片;雌球花基部有7对苞片,排成4列,胚珠1,直立,着生于花轴顶端的苞腋,珠托发育成肉质、杯状、白色的假种皮;种子坚果状,卵圆形,微扁,长5—7毫米,顶端具小尖头,有短梗或无柄。花期3—5月,果期7——10月。2n=26。单种属。
本属花粉形态:花粉球形或近球形,常褶皱,直径为(22.6一)26.4(一34.8)微米(不包括乳头状突起)。远极具1小乳头状突起(薄壁区),其高度约2.5—3微米,顶端较圆钝,常不明显。外壁厚度约1.7微米,内外层几等厚,胞芽状纹饰。具小胞芽的乌氏体不均匀地分布于外壁表面。图4.2.
本属生境:散生于常绿落叶阔叶混交林下或落叶阔叶林下,岩石旁或石山上,土壤为棕壤,pH值为4.2—5.5。海拔500—1 300米。
本属分布:浙江:龙泉、遂昌、缙云。江西:德兴、井冈山。湖南:宜章、道县、桑植、慈利、大庸市。广西:临桂、上林县。广东:乳源。地图4.
科中文名:红豆杉科
科拉丁名:Taxaceae
本科概述:该科为一小科,有5属约23种。主要分布于北半球。我国有4属约13种。主要分布于西南至东部,其中1属为我国特有属。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Pseudotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) W. C. Cheng
白豆杉 bai dou shan
Taxus chienii W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot., 9(3): 240. 1934; Nothotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) Florin; ?Pseudotaxus liana Silba.
Shrubs to 4 m tall; bark grayish brown, peeling off in strips. Leafy branchlets ovate or elliptic in outline, 2.2-5 × 1.2-3.2 cm, axis green or yellow-green in 1st year, dark green in 2nd year, terete, sometimes with nodular projections. Leaves borne at 40-45° to axis when young but at 50-90° on mature trees; petiole absent or less than 1 mm; blade bright green adaxially in 1st year, subsequently abruptly turning very dark green, linear, straight or slightly falcate, 1-2.6 cm × 2-4.5 mm, not leathery, midvein ca. 0.4 mm wide, stomatal bands ca. 0.5-1.1 mm wide, broader than or about as wide as marginal bands, of ca. 9 rows on young plants but of 13-19 rows on adult plants, marginal bands 0.2-0.3 mm wide, base obtuse and ± asymmetric, margin revolute, apex obtuse, mucronate, mucro pale whitish green, hooked, 0.4-0.7 mm. Aril campanulate, 5-7 mm. Seed ovoid, 5-8 × 4-5 mm, slightly flattened distally. Pollination late Mar-May, seed maturity Oct.
* Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests. N Guangdong, N Guangxi, NW and S Hunan, SW Jiangxi, S Zhejiang; also cultivated in Zhejiang (Hangzhou Shi, etc.) as an ornamental.
A rare species. The wood is used as a carving material and for making utensils.
Pseudotaxus liana was described from Guangxi and at the same time recorded from Hunan and Jiangxi. In the protologue (Silba, Phytologia 81: 327. 1996, as "liiana"), it was said to differ from P. chienii in its broadly ovate or ovate-oblong leaves, 1.3-2.8 cm × 3.5-5.5 mm, which are thick and leathery; it was also compared with two species in the Podocarpaceae: Podocarpus brassii Pilger, from Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea, and Prumnopitys harmsiana (Pilger) de Laubenfels, from South America. Further study is needed to ascertain whether it is distinct from Pseudotaxus chienii and, if so, to settle its generic, and possibly also familial, placement. If it is distinct, then some of the records of P. chienii may in fact belong to the new species.
Lectotypified by LIN Qi & CAO Ziyu. 2007. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 29(3): 292. 2007.
别名:短水杉;短水松;
科名:红豆杉科 Taxaceae
属名:白豆杉属 Pseudotaxus
《中国植物志》第7卷448页
白豆杉(中国树木分类学)短水松(江西井冈山)图版102
Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng,中大林学所报告, 树木学1: 1. 1947; 郑万钧等, 中国树木学1: 282.图133. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Taiwania 10: 20. 1964; Dallimore and Jackson, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo. ed. 4. 557. 1966;中国科学院植物研究所, 中国高等植物图鉴1: 333.图666. 1972. ——Taxus chienii Cheng,科学社生物所论文集9: 240. f. 23. 1934; Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 14: 687. 1935;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学7. 图4. 1937; 刘玉壶, 中研汇报1 (2): 144. 1947; 郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志19. 1945,再版17. 1951. ——Nothotaxus chienii (Cheng) Florin in Acta Hort. Berg. 14 (9), 394. t. 1-3. f. 1-4. 1948.
灌木,高达4米;树皮灰褐色,裂成条片状脱落;一年生小枝圆,近平滑,稀有或疏或密的细小瘤状突起,褐黄色或黄绿色,基部有宿存的芽鳞。叶条形,排列成两列,直或微弯,长1.5-2.6厘米,宽2.5-4.5毫米,先端凸尖,基部近圆形,有短柄,两面中脉隆起,上面光绿色,下面有两条白色气孔带,宽约1.1毫米,较绿色边带为宽或几等宽。种子卵圆形,长5-8毫米,径4-5毫米,上部微扁,顶端有凸起的小尖,成熟时肉质杯状假种皮白色,基部有宿存的苞片。花期3月下旬至5月,种子10月成熟。
产于浙江南部龙泉昂山及凤凰山、江西井冈山、湖南南部莽山及西北部慈利至江娅、广东北部乳源、广西临桂四明山、七分山及上林县大明山等高山上部,生于常绿阔叶树林及落叶阔叶树林中。杭州等地有栽培。模式标本采自浙江龙泉。
木材纹理均匀,结构细致。可作雕刻及器具等用材。叶常绿,种子具白色肉质的假种皮,颇为美观,为优美的庭园树种。
形态特征:常绿灌木或小乔木,高达4米。枝通常近轮生或近对生,基部有宿存芽鳞。叶条形,螺旋状着生,排成两列,直或微弯,先端骤尖,基部近圆形,两面中脉凸起,下面有两条白色气孔带,有短柄,叶内无树脂道。雌雄异株,球花单生叶腋,无梗;雄球花圆球形,基部有4对苞片,雄蕊6——12枚,盾形,交叉对生,花药4—6枚,辐射排列,花丝短,雄蕊之间生有苞片;雌球花基部有7对苞片,排成4列,胚珠1,直立,着生于花轴顶端的苞腋,珠托发育成肉质、杯状、白色的假种皮;种子坚果状,卵圆形,微扁,长5—7毫米,顶端具小尖头,有短梗或无柄。花期3—5月,果期7——10月。2n=26。单种属。
地理分布:浙江:龙泉、遂昌、缙云。江西:德兴、井冈山。湖南:宜章、道县、桑植、慈利、大庸市。广西:临桂、上林县。广东:乳源。地图4.
生 境:散生于常绿落叶阔叶混交林下或落叶阔叶林下,岩石旁或石山上,土壤为棕壤,pH值为4.2—5.5。海拔500—1300米。
属中文名:白豆杉属
属拉丁名:Pseudotaxus
本属特征:常绿灌木或小乔木,高达4米。枝通常近轮生或近对生,基部有宿存芽鳞。叶条形,螺旋状着生,排成两列,直或微弯,先端骤尖,基部近圆形,两面中脉凸起,下面有两条白色气孔带,有短柄,叶内无树脂道。雌雄异株,球花单生叶腋,无梗;雄球花圆球形,基部有4对苞片,雄蕊6——12枚,盾形,交叉对生,花药4—6枚,辐射排列,花丝短,雄蕊之间生有苞片;雌球花基部有7对苞片,排成4列,胚珠1,直立,着生于花轴顶端的苞腋,珠托发育成肉质、杯状、白色的假种皮;种子坚果状,卵圆形,微扁,长5—7毫米,顶端具小尖头,有短梗或无柄。花期3—5月,果期7——10月。2n=26。单种属。
本属花粉形态:花粉球形或近球形,常褶皱,直径为(22.6一)26.4(一34.8)微米(不包括乳头状突起)。远极具1小乳头状突起(薄壁区),其高度约2.5—3微米,顶端较圆钝,常不明显。外壁厚度约1.7微米,内外层几等厚,胞芽状纹饰。具小胞芽的乌氏体不均匀地分布于外壁表面。图4.2.
本属生境:散生于常绿落叶阔叶混交林下或落叶阔叶林下,岩石旁或石山上,土壤为棕壤,pH值为4.2—5.5。海拔500—1 300米。
本属分布:浙江:龙泉、遂昌、缙云。江西:德兴、井冈山。湖南:宜章、道县、桑植、慈利、大庸市。广西:临桂、上林县。广东:乳源。地图4.
科中文名:红豆杉科
科拉丁名:Taxaceae
本科概述:该科为一小科,有5属约23种。主要分布于北半球。我国有4属约13种。主要分布于西南至东部,其中1属为我国特有属。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Pseudotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) W. C. Cheng
白豆杉 bai dou shan
Taxus chienii W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot., 9(3): 240. 1934; Nothotaxus chienii (W. C. Cheng) Florin; ?Pseudotaxus liana Silba.
Shrubs to 4 m tall; bark grayish brown, peeling off in strips. Leafy branchlets ovate or elliptic in outline, 2.2-5 × 1.2-3.2 cm, axis green or yellow-green in 1st year, dark green in 2nd year, terete, sometimes with nodular projections. Leaves borne at 40-45° to axis when young but at 50-90° on mature trees; petiole absent or less than 1 mm; blade bright green adaxially in 1st year, subsequently abruptly turning very dark green, linear, straight or slightly falcate, 1-2.6 cm × 2-4.5 mm, not leathery, midvein ca. 0.4 mm wide, stomatal bands ca. 0.5-1.1 mm wide, broader than or about as wide as marginal bands, of ca. 9 rows on young plants but of 13-19 rows on adult plants, marginal bands 0.2-0.3 mm wide, base obtuse and ± asymmetric, margin revolute, apex obtuse, mucronate, mucro pale whitish green, hooked, 0.4-0.7 mm. Aril campanulate, 5-7 mm. Seed ovoid, 5-8 × 4-5 mm, slightly flattened distally. Pollination late Mar-May, seed maturity Oct.
* Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests. N Guangdong, N Guangxi, NW and S Hunan, SW Jiangxi, S Zhejiang; also cultivated in Zhejiang (Hangzhou Shi, etc.) as an ornamental.
A rare species. The wood is used as a carving material and for making utensils.
Pseudotaxus liana was described from Guangxi and at the same time recorded from Hunan and Jiangxi. In the protologue (Silba, Phytologia 81: 327. 1996, as "liiana"), it was said to differ from P. chienii in its broadly ovate or ovate-oblong leaves, 1.3-2.8 cm × 3.5-5.5 mm, which are thick and leathery; it was also compared with two species in the Podocarpaceae: Podocarpus brassii Pilger, from Indonesia (Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea, and Prumnopitys harmsiana (Pilger) de Laubenfels, from South America. Further study is needed to ascertain whether it is distinct from Pseudotaxus chienii and, if so, to settle its generic, and possibly also familial, placement. If it is distinct, then some of the records of P. chienii may in fact belong to the new species.
Lectotypified by LIN Qi & CAO Ziyu. 2007. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 29(3): 292. 2007.
- 白豆杉的化学成分分析
- 白豆杉的地理分布及潜在分布区估计
- 白豆杉叶精油成分的研究与化学分类
- 红豆杉科白豆杉属植物的分类学研究
- 凤阳山白豆杉种群结构及群落特性的研究
- 利用RAPD标记分析濒危植物白豆杉种群的遗传结构
- 中国红豆杉属和白豆杉属的核形态学研究
- 紫杉醇及短叶醇在白豆杉中的存在
- 红豆杉与白豆杉
- 浙江省白豆杉植物群落区系研究
- 浙江省白豆杉群落学研究
- 衢江区大源尾野生白豆杉资源保护利用探讨
- 中国特有濒危植物白豆杉生长地的土壤性状分析
- 浙江省白豆杉植物区系探析
- 浙江省白豆杉资源调查及植物区系研究
- 西藏红豆杉、白豆杉和红豆杉植物细胞培养物及培养液的化学成分研究
- 凤阳山自然保护区白豆杉种群生态学的研究
- 翠枝玉籽白豆杉
- 浙江省白豆杉资源调查研究
- 江西三清山台湾松+白豆杉-猴头杜鹃植物群落研究
- 中国特有濒危裸子植物白豆杉RAPD反应体系的优化
- 白豆杉属——云南一新记录属
- 衢县大源尾白豆杉群落的初步研究
- 白豆杉的核型和性染色体的研究
- 凤阳山白豆杉各群落区系组成和物种多样性的比较研究
- 中国特有种子植物白豆杉主要化学成分的研究
- 白豆杉扦插繁殖试验小结
- 白豆杉的配子体发育和受精作用
- 白豆杉及其繁殖
- 白豆杉细胞培养