长穗柽柳Tamarix elongata Ledeb.
长穗柽柳Tamarix elongata Ledeb.
1.长穗柽柳（中国高等植物图鉴）图版40: 1-5
Tamarix elongata Lodeb. Fl. Alt. 1; 421. 1829; Rusan., Tamarisks of Centaral Asia 44. 1949; Gorschk. in Fl. USSR. 15: 300. 1949;
大灌木，高l-3（-5）米，枝短而粗壮，挺直，末端粗钝，老枝灰色，去年生枝淡灰黄色或淡灰棕色；营养小枝淡黄绿色而有灰蓝色的色调。生长枝上的叶披针形，线状披针形或线形，长达4-9(-10）毫米，宽(0.3)1-3毫米，渐尖或急尖，向外伸，下面扩大，基部宽心形，背面隆起，半抱茎，具耳，营养小枝上的叶心状披针形或披针形，半抱茎，短下延，微.具耳，向上披针形紧缩。在生长枝的叶腋内，秋天生出长达5毫米的浅黄色花芽。总状花序侧生在去年生枝上，春天于发叶前或发叶时出现，单生，粗壮，长6-15（-25）厘米，通常长约12厘米，粗0.4-0.8（-1.5）厘米，基部有具苞片的总花梗，总花梗长1-2厘米，苞片线状披针形或宽线形，渐尖，淡绿色或膜质，长3-6毫米，明显地超出花萼（连花梗）或与花萼等长，宽0.3-0.7毫米，花时略向外倾，花末向外反折；花梗比花萼略短或等长。花较大，4 数，花萼深钟形，基部咯结合，萼片卵形，钝或急尖，边缘膜质，具牙齿；花瓣卵状椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形，两侧不等，先端圆钝，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.3毫米，盛花时充分张开向外折，粉红色，花后即落；假顶生花盘薄，4裂；雄蕊4（偶有6-7），与花瓣等长或略长，花丝基部变宽，逐渐过渡到花盘裂片；花药钝或顶端具小突起，粉红色；子房卵状圆锥形，长1.3-2毫米，几无花柱，柱头3枚。蒴果形为子房，长4-6毫米，宽2毫米，果皮枯草质，淡红色或橙黄色。春季4-5月开花。据记载秋季偶二次开花，二次花为5数。
产新疆、甘肃（河西）、青海（柴达木），宁夏（北部）和内蒙古（从西部到临河）。生于荒漠地区河谷阶地、干河床和沙丘上。土壤高度盐渍化或为盐土。可以在地下水深5-10米的地方生长。习见，但不能成为建群种，多散生在其它柽柳群落中。苏联中亚到西伯利亚和蒙古人民共和国也有分布。
本种为荒漠地区盐渍化沙地上良好的固沙造林树种。嫩枝为羊、骆驼和驴的饲料。枝干是好薪炭材。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Tamarix elongata Ledebour
长穗柽柳 chang sui cheng liu
Shrubs large, 1-3(-5) m tall. Branches of previous year grayish yellow or grayish brown; vegetative branchlets yellowish green and tinged with gray-blue. Leaves of growing branches spreading toward outside, enlarged in lower part, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 4-9(-10) × (0.3-)1-3 mm, abaxially raised, base broadly cordate, semiamplexicaul, auriculate, apex acuminate or acute; those of vegetative branchlets cordate-lanceolate or lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, shortly decurrent, faintly auriculate, upward attenuate. Flower buds yellowish, to 5 mm, produced from leaf axils of growing branches in autumn. Racemes lateral in branches of previous year, appearing in spring before or when leaves occur, solitary, robust, 6-15(-25) cm, usually ca. 12 cm, 4-8(-15) mm in diam.; peduncles 1-2 cm; bracts linear-lanceolate or broadly linear, 3-6 mm, conspicuously exceeding calyx (including pedicels) or equaling calyx, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, greenish or membranous, apex acuminate, slightly curved toward outside at anthesis, reflexed after anthesis. Pedicels slightly shorter than or ca. as long as calyx. Flowers larger, 4-merous. Calyx deeply campanulate, base slightly united; sepals ovate, margin membranous, dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Petals open and reflexed when flowers in full bloom, pink, ovate-elliptic or oblong-obovate, inequilateral, 2-2.5 × 1-1.3 mm, apex obtuse, immediately deciduous after anthesis. Disk pseudo-terminal, thin, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, rarely 6 or 7, equaling or slightly exceeding petals; filaments dilated at base, gradually transitional to disk lobes; anthers pink, obtuse or with small protrusions at apex. Ovary ovoid-conic, 1.3-2 mm; styles nearly absent; stigmas 3. Capsule reddish or orange-yellow, ovoid-conic, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. Apr-May, occasionally in autumn for second time. Flowers blooming in autumn 5-merous. 2n = 24*.
Salty soils of river valleys, river banks, sand dunes in desert regions. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].
别名：西河柳;乌日都布图日-苏海;
科名：柽柳科 Tamaricaceae
属名：柽柳属 Tamarix
1.长穗柽柳（中国高等植物图鉴）图版40: 1-5
Tamarix elongata Lodeb. Fl. Alt. 1; 421. 1829; Rusan., Tamarisks of Centaral Asia 44. 1949; Gorschk. in Fl. USSR. 15: 300. 1949;
大灌木，高l-3（-5）米，枝短而粗壮，挺直，末端粗钝，老枝灰色，去年生枝淡灰黄色或淡灰棕色；营养小枝淡黄绿色而有灰蓝色的色调。生长枝上的叶披针形，线状披针形或线形，长达4-9(-10）毫米，宽(0.3)1-3毫米，渐尖或急尖，向外伸，下面扩大，基部宽心形，背面隆起，半抱茎，具耳，营养小枝上的叶心状披针形或披针形，半抱茎，短下延，微.具耳，向上披针形紧缩。在生长枝的叶腋内，秋天生出长达5毫米的浅黄色花芽。总状花序侧生在去年生枝上，春天于发叶前或发叶时出现，单生，粗壮，长6-15（-25）厘米，通常长约12厘米，粗0.4-0.8（-1.5）厘米，基部有具苞片的总花梗，总花梗长1-2厘米，苞片线状披针形或宽线形，渐尖，淡绿色或膜质，长3-6毫米，明显地超出花萼（连花梗）或与花萼等长，宽0.3-0.7毫米，花时略向外倾，花末向外反折；花梗比花萼略短或等长。花较大，4 数，花萼深钟形，基部咯结合，萼片卵形，钝或急尖，边缘膜质，具牙齿；花瓣卵状椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形，两侧不等，先端圆钝，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.3毫米，盛花时充分张开向外折，粉红色，花后即落；假顶生花盘薄，4裂；雄蕊4（偶有6-7），与花瓣等长或略长，花丝基部变宽，逐渐过渡到花盘裂片；花药钝或顶端具小突起，粉红色；子房卵状圆锥形，长1.3-2毫米，几无花柱，柱头3枚。蒴果形为子房，长4-6毫米，宽2毫米，果皮枯草质，淡红色或橙黄色。春季4-5月开花。据记载秋季偶二次开花，二次花为5数。
产新疆、甘肃（河西）、青海（柴达木），宁夏（北部）和内蒙古（从西部到临河）。生于荒漠地区河谷阶地、干河床和沙丘上。土壤高度盐渍化或为盐土。可以在地下水深5-10米的地方生长。习见，但不能成为建群种，多散生在其它柽柳群落中。苏联中亚到西伯利亚和蒙古人民共和国也有分布。
本种为荒漠地区盐渍化沙地上良好的固沙造林树种。嫩枝为羊、骆驼和驴的饲料。枝干是好薪炭材。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Tamarix elongata Ledebour
长穗柽柳 chang sui cheng liu
Shrubs large, 1-3(-5) m tall. Branches of previous year grayish yellow or grayish brown; vegetative branchlets yellowish green and tinged with gray-blue. Leaves of growing branches spreading toward outside, enlarged in lower part, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 4-9(-10) × (0.3-)1-3 mm, abaxially raised, base broadly cordate, semiamplexicaul, auriculate, apex acuminate or acute; those of vegetative branchlets cordate-lanceolate or lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, shortly decurrent, faintly auriculate, upward attenuate. Flower buds yellowish, to 5 mm, produced from leaf axils of growing branches in autumn. Racemes lateral in branches of previous year, appearing in spring before or when leaves occur, solitary, robust, 6-15(-25) cm, usually ca. 12 cm, 4-8(-15) mm in diam.; peduncles 1-2 cm; bracts linear-lanceolate or broadly linear, 3-6 mm, conspicuously exceeding calyx (including pedicels) or equaling calyx, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, greenish or membranous, apex acuminate, slightly curved toward outside at anthesis, reflexed after anthesis. Pedicels slightly shorter than or ca. as long as calyx. Flowers larger, 4-merous. Calyx deeply campanulate, base slightly united; sepals ovate, margin membranous, dentate, apex obtuse or acute. Petals open and reflexed when flowers in full bloom, pink, ovate-elliptic or oblong-obovate, inequilateral, 2-2.5 × 1-1.3 mm, apex obtuse, immediately deciduous after anthesis. Disk pseudo-terminal, thin, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, rarely 6 or 7, equaling or slightly exceeding petals; filaments dilated at base, gradually transitional to disk lobes; anthers pink, obtuse or with small protrusions at apex. Ovary ovoid-conic, 1.3-2 mm; styles nearly absent; stigmas 3. Capsule reddish or orange-yellow, ovoid-conic, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. Apr-May, occasionally in autumn for second time. Flowers blooming in autumn 5-merous. 2n = 24*.
Salty soils of river valleys, river banks, sand dunes in desert regions. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].