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阳芋Solanum tuberosum Linn.

阳芋Solanum tuberosum Linn.

科名:茄科 Solanaceae

属名:茄属 Solanum

《中国植物志》第67(1)卷094页
  19. 阳芋(植物名实图考)洋芋(通称);土豆(东北通称);荷兰薯(广东梅县);山药蛋(河北);山药豆(华北通称);地蛋(山东)图版23:7-10
  Solanum tuberosum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 185. 1753; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13(1): 31. 1852; Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 34 Beibl. 75: 64. 1904; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 409. 1907; Liu, Chihli Fl. 154. 1927.
  草本,高30-80厘米,无毛或被疏柔毛。地下茎块状,扁圆形或长圆形,直径约3-10厘米,外皮白色,淡红色或紫色。叶为奇数不相等的羽状复叶,小叶常大小相间,长10-20厘米;叶柄长约2.5-5厘米;小叶,6-8对,卵形至长圆形,最大者长可达6厘米,宽达3.2厘米,最小者长宽均不及1厘米,先端尖,基部稍不相等,全缘,两面均被白色疏柔毛,侧脉每边6-7条,先端略弯,小叶柄长约1-8,毫米。伞房花序顶生,后侧生,花白色或蓝紫色;萼钟形,直径约1厘米,外面被疏柔毛,5裂,裂片披针形,先端长渐尖;花冠辐状,直径约2.5-3厘米,花冠筒隐于萼内,长约2毫米,冠檐长约1.5厘米,裂片5,三角形,长约5毫米;雄蕊长约6毫米,花药长为花丝长度的5倍;子房卵圆形,无毛,花柱长约8毫米,柱头头状。浆果圆球状,光滑,直径约1.5厘米。花期夏季。
  我国各地均有栽培。原产热带美洲的山地,现广泛种植于全球温带地区。
  块茎富含淀粉,可供食用,为山区主粮之一,并为淀粉工业的主要原料。刚抽出的芽条及果实中有丰富的龙葵碱,为提取龙葵碱的原料。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Solanum tuberosum  Linnaeus
阳芋   yang yu
Herbs erect or sprawling, 30-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Stolons bearing underground tubers; tubers white, red, or purplish, globose, oblate, or elliptic, 3-10 cm in diam., fleshy. Leaves interruptedly odd-pinnate, with 6-8 pairs of leaflets and smaller, unequal interstitial leaflets; petiole 2.5-5 cm; leaflet blade ovate or oblong, mostly sparingly pilose. Inflorescences appearing terminal, leaf opposed, or axillary, many-flowered, sparingly branched panicles. Pedicel articulate near middle, 1-2 cm. Calyx sparsely pubescent; lobes lanceolate. Corolla white, pink, or blue-purple, sometimes all on 1 plant, rotate, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; lobes deltate, ca. 5 mm. Filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers 5-6 mm. Ovary glabrous. Style ca. 8 mm. Berry green or yellowish green, often striped, globose, smooth, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn.
Widely cultivated throughout China, also in other temperate regions of the world [Native to South America]

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