辣椒Capsicum annuum Linn.

别名：cayenne pepper;番辣;嘛披;辣著;辣茄;辣角;鸡嘴椒;广辣;番椒;朝天椒;红海椒;青椒;海椒;拉召;胡椒;唐辛;泽得日嘎;长辣椒;辣子;牛角椒;菜椒;小米辣;小米椒;香椒;

科名：茄科 Solanaceae

属名：辣椒属 Capsicum

《中国植物志》第67(1)卷062页
  1．辣椒（通称）牛角椒、长辣椒
  Capsicum annuum L. , Sp. Pl. 188. 1753——C. longum DC. , Cat. Hort. Monosp. 860. 1813 ——C. frutescens L. var. longum Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl. 783. 1949. C. frutescens auct. non Linn,中国高等植物图鉴, 3: 图5388. 1974.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Capsicum annuum  Linnaeus
辣椒   la jiao
Capsicum annuum var. conoide (Miller) Irish; C. annuum var. fasciculatum (Sturtevant) Irish; C. annuum var. grossum (Linnaeus) Sendtner; C. conoide Miller; C. fasciculatum Sturtevant; C. frutescens Linnaeus; C. frutescens var. fasciculatum L. Bailey; C. frutescens var. longum L. Bailey; C. frutescens var. grossum L. Bailey; C. grossum Linnaeus; C. longum de Candolle.
Shrubs or annual or perennial herbs, 20-80 cm tall. Stems glabrescent. Leaves solitary or paired; petiole 4-7 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 4-13 × 1.5-4 cm, glabrescent, base narrowed, margin entire, apex short acuminate or acute. Inflorescences solitary flowers or few-flowered clusters. Pedicel bent at apex, 1-2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, undulate, 2-3 × 3 mm. Corolla white, ca. 1 cm. Anthers purplish, 1.8-2 mm. Berry mostly red (orange, yellow, or purple in cultivation), variously shaped, up to 15 cm. Seeds pale yellow, discoid or reniform, 3-5 mm. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Nov.
Widely cultivated in China [native to Mexico and South America, widely cultivated and naturalized throughout the world]
The species includes forms with sweet or pungent fruits. The fruits are an important vegetable and flavoring, and the seed oil is edible. Fruits are used medicinally for inducing sweat. Plants are sometimes cultivated as ornamentals. During its long cultivation, many cultivars have been selected with very different fruit appearance.
The practice of referring woody plants of this species to Capsicum frutescens Linnaeus has little merit since herbaceous plants often become woody with age, and other characterssupposed to distinguish the two species occur in various populations in both herbaceous and woody plants.

《全国中草药汇编》:辣椒

【拼音名】 Là Jiāo
【别名】 辣子、辣角、牛角椒、红海椒、海椒、番椒、大椒、辣虎
【来源】 茄科辣椒属植物辣椒Capsicum frutescens L.[C. annuum L.]，以果实、根和茎枝入药。6～7月果红时采收，晒干。
【性味】 果：辛、热。
【功能主治】 果：温中散寒，健胃消食。用于胃寒疼痛，胃肠胀气，消化不良；外用治冻疮，风湿痛，腰肌痛。
根：活血消肿。外用治冻疮。
【用法用量】 果1～3钱；根外用适量，煎水洗患处。
【注意】 对胃及十二指肠溃疡，急性胃炎，肺结核以及痔疮或眼部疾病患者忌用。
【备注】 （1）辣椒变种很多，同供药用者尚有：指天椒（长柄椒）Capsicum frutescens L. var. conoides （Mill.）Bailey；簇生椒（朝天椒）Capsicum frutescens L. var. fasciculatum （Sturt.）Bailey；小指椒（象牙辣椒、细长辣椒）Capsicum frutescens L. var. acuminatum Fingh.；长辣椒Capsicum frutescens L. var. longum Bailey。总之，凡果实尖长而辣者可用，形圆而不辣者如灯笼椒（柿子椒）则不入药，青辣椒也不药用。
（2）辣椒有刺激性，若有疮疖、牙痛、痔疮或眼部疾病，不宜食用。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》