苦树Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
苦树Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
1.苦树（中国树木分类学）
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 198. 1844, et in Hook. f Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 520. 1875; Planch. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 573. 1846; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 152. 1916; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学592, 图492. 1957; Hara in Fl. East. Himal. 2, 68. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴2, 562, 图2853. 1972;云南植物志1: 190, 图版44: 8-10. 1977; Whitmore in Hara et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 84. 1979;江苏植物志, 下册404. 1982;云南种子植物名录, 上册824. 1984.——Simaba quassioides D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 248. 1825.——Rhus ailanthoides Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 89. 1833.——icrasma ailanthoides (Bunge) Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 573. 1848.——P. japonica A. Gray. in Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 383. 1958-59.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Bennett
苦树 ku shu
Trees, deciduous, up to 10 m tall; bark purplish brown, smooth, with gray stripes. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15-30 cm; stipules lanceolate, early deciduous; leaflets 9-15; blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, base cuneate, oblique except for terminal leaflet, both surfaces glabrous except abaxially pubescent on midrib or lateral veins when young, then glabrescent, apex acuminate; leaf scar conspicuous, semirounded or rounded. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes; rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate or oblong, abaxially yellow-brown puberulent, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces with midrib puberulent. Stamens 2 × as long as petals in males, shorter than petals in females, opposite sepals. Disk 4- or 5-lobed. Carpels 4 or 5, free. Druparium blue-green when ripe, globose, 6-8 × 5-7 mm, calyx persistent, testa thin. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
Mountainous mixed forests; 1400-3200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
别名：红连茶;黄楝树;臭辣子;苦皮树;苦树皮;赶狗木;米板树;苦皮子;鱼胆树;小叶嫩蒲柴;熊胆树;黄连茶;崖漆树;黄楝;黄檀木;进口苦;苦力芽;苦楝子;苦楝瓣树;黄连芽子树;苦楝;空条;苦弹子;苦胆树;苦(木/云);小苦梀;土樗子;苦胆木;红赶狗木;小苦楝;簕林;麻桑皮;玉皇架;苦枟木;苦木树;金边苦楝;山苦楝;黄栋树;光序苦树;兜栌树;毛椿树;苦檀木;山熊胆;黄苦楝;桑兴;苦楝树;苦檀;苦坛木;苦梀树;苦树黄楝树;榆香枝;苦栋树;苦木;苦桑头;nigaki;
科名：苦木科 Simaroubaceae
属名：苦树属 Picrasma
1.苦树（中国树木分类学）
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 198. 1844, et in Hook. f Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 520. 1875; Planch. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 573. 1846; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 152. 1916; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学592, 图492. 1957; Hara in Fl. East. Himal. 2, 68. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴2, 562, 图2853. 1972;云南植物志1: 190, 图版44: 8-10. 1977; Whitmore in Hara et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 84. 1979;江苏植物志, 下册404. 1982;云南种子植物名录, 上册824. 1984.——Simaba quassioides D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 248. 1825.——Rhus ailanthoides Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 89. 1833.——icrasma ailanthoides (Bunge) Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 573. 1848.——P. japonica A. Gray. in Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 383. 1958-59.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Bennett
苦树 ku shu
Trees, deciduous, up to 10 m tall; bark purplish brown, smooth, with gray stripes. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15-30 cm; stipules lanceolate, early deciduous; leaflets 9-15; blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, base cuneate, oblique except for terminal leaflet, both surfaces glabrous except abaxially pubescent on midrib or lateral veins when young, then glabrescent, apex acuminate; leaf scar conspicuous, semirounded or rounded. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes; rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate or oblong, abaxially yellow-brown puberulent, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces with midrib puberulent. Stamens 2 × as long as petals in males, shorter than petals in females, opposite sepals. Disk 4- or 5-lobed. Carpels 4 or 5, free. Druparium blue-green when ripe, globose, 6-8 × 5-7 mm, calyx persistent, testa thin. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
Mountainous mixed forests; 1400-3200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka].