北水苦荬Veronica anagallisaquatica Linn.
北水苦荬Veronica anagallisaquatica Linn.
58.北水苦荬（中国高等植物图鉴），仙桃草（四川中药志）图86
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 12, 1753; 北京植物志, 中册; 869. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴, 4. 43. 图5500. 1975.
多年生（稀为一年生）草本，通常全体无毛，极少在花序轴、花梗、花萼和蒴果上有几根腺毛。根茎斜走。茎直立或基部倾斜，不分枝或分枝，高10-100厘米。叶无柄，上部的半抱茎，多为椭圆形或长卵形，少为卵状矩圆形，更少为披针形，长2-10厘米，宽1-3.5厘米，全缘或有疏而小的锯齿。花序比叶长，多花；花梗与苞片近等长，上升，与花序轴成锐角，果期弯曲向上，使蒴果靠近花序轴，花序通常不宽于1厘米；花萼裂片卵状披针形，急尖，长约3毫米，果期直立或叉开，不紧贴蒴果；花冠浅蓝色，浅紫色或白色，直径4-5毫米，裂片宽卵形；雄蕊短于花冠。蒴果近圆形，长宽近相等，几乎与萼等长，顶端圆钝而微凹，花柱长约2毫米（西藏产的植物的花柱常短至1.5毫米）。花期4-9月。2n＝36。
广布于长江以北及西南各省区。亚洲温带地区及欧洲广布。常见于水边及沼地，在西南可达海拔4000米的地方。
嫩苗可蔬食。果常因昆虫寄生而异常肿胀，这种具虫瘿的植株名为“仙桃草”，可药用，治跌打损伤。
《广州植物志》和《江苏南部种子植物手册》上的“水苦荬”实际上是V. undulata,而不是V. anagallis-aquatica,故本种另称“北水苦荬”。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 18 (1998)
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus
北水苦荬 bei shui ku mai
Perennials or rarely annuals, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular hairy on inflorescence axes, pedicels, calyces, and capsules. Rhizomes inclined. Stems erect or procumbent at base, branched or not, 10-100 cm tall, succulent. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul upward; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, sometime ovate-oblong, rarely lanceolate, 2-10 X 1-3.5 cm, margin entire or sparsely serrate. Racemes axillary, many flowered, longer than leaves, often less than 1 cm wide. Pedicel 4-10 mm in fruit, as long as or longer than bract, ascending, at acute angle with inflorescence axis, curved upward in fruit and thus capsule close to inflorescence axis. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, equal in size, erect or patent, not appressed to capsule in fruit, apex acute. Corolla pale blue, pale purple, or white, rotate, 4-5 mm in diam.; tube short; lobes broadly ovate, slightly unequal in width. Stamens shorter than corolla. Capsule subglobose, as long as wide, slightly compressed, as long as calyx, apex rounded and slightly notched. Style 1.5-2 mm. Seeds numerous, slightly flattened, convex on both sides. Fl. Apr-Sep. 2n = 36.
By water or in swamps; below 4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe, naturalized in North America].
别名：芒种草;秋麻子;无风自动草;蚧蛙草;接骨桃;长苦荬婆婆纳;冰莴苣;北水婆婆纳;北水苦卖;北水苦;北苦荬婆婆纳;水波浪;奥存－侵达干;仙桃草;北水苦荬才;仙核桃;水苦荬;水莴苣;水菠菜;北苦荬;水仙桃草;水仙桃;蚊子草;珍珠草;水窝窝;水上浮萍;水苦荬婆婆纳;毛尾婆婆纳;水红花;water speedwell;
科名：玄参科 Scrophulariaceae
属名：婆婆纳属 Veronica
58.北水苦荬（中国高等植物图鉴），仙桃草（四川中药志）图86
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 12, 1753; 北京植物志, 中册; 869. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴, 4. 43. 图5500. 1975.
多年生（稀为一年生）草本，通常全体无毛，极少在花序轴、花梗、花萼和蒴果上有几根腺毛。根茎斜走。茎直立或基部倾斜，不分枝或分枝，高10-100厘米。叶无柄，上部的半抱茎，多为椭圆形或长卵形，少为卵状矩圆形，更少为披针形，长2-10厘米，宽1-3.5厘米，全缘或有疏而小的锯齿。花序比叶长，多花；花梗与苞片近等长，上升，与花序轴成锐角，果期弯曲向上，使蒴果靠近花序轴，花序通常不宽于1厘米；花萼裂片卵状披针形，急尖，长约3毫米，果期直立或叉开，不紧贴蒴果；花冠浅蓝色，浅紫色或白色，直径4-5毫米，裂片宽卵形；雄蕊短于花冠。蒴果近圆形，长宽近相等，几乎与萼等长，顶端圆钝而微凹，花柱长约2毫米（西藏产的植物的花柱常短至1.5毫米）。花期4-9月。2n＝36。
广布于长江以北及西南各省区。亚洲温带地区及欧洲广布。常见于水边及沼地，在西南可达海拔4000米的地方。
嫩苗可蔬食。果常因昆虫寄生而异常肿胀，这种具虫瘿的植株名为“仙桃草”，可药用，治跌打损伤。
《广州植物志》和《江苏南部种子植物手册》上的“水苦荬”实际上是V. undulata,而不是V. anagallis-aquatica,故本种另称“北水苦荬”。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 18 (1998)
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus
北水苦荬 bei shui ku mai
Perennials or rarely annuals, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular hairy on inflorescence axes, pedicels, calyces, and capsules. Rhizomes inclined. Stems erect or procumbent at base, branched or not, 10-100 cm tall, succulent. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul upward; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, sometime ovate-oblong, rarely lanceolate, 2-10 X 1-3.5 cm, margin entire or sparsely serrate. Racemes axillary, many flowered, longer than leaves, often less than 1 cm wide. Pedicel 4-10 mm in fruit, as long as or longer than bract, ascending, at acute angle with inflorescence axis, curved upward in fruit and thus capsule close to inflorescence axis. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, equal in size, erect or patent, not appressed to capsule in fruit, apex acute. Corolla pale blue, pale purple, or white, rotate, 4-5 mm in diam.; tube short; lobes broadly ovate, slightly unequal in width. Stamens shorter than corolla. Capsule subglobose, as long as wide, slightly compressed, as long as calyx, apex rounded and slightly notched. Style 1.5-2 mm. Seeds numerous, slightly flattened, convex on both sides. Fl. Apr-Sep. 2n = 36.
By water or in swamps; below 4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe, naturalized in North America].