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兰考泡桐Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu

兰考泡桐Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu

别名:河南泡桐;泡桐;兰考桐;焦裕禄桐;河南桐;长叶泡桐;

科名:玄参科 Scrophulariaceae

属名:泡桐属 Paulownia

《中国植物志》第67(2)卷035页
  2.兰考泡桐(河南)图11
  Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu, 1. c. 41. pl. 3. 1959 p. p. excl. specim. Shantung;龚彤, 植物分类学报14 (2): 42. Pl. 3. f. 2. 1976. ——P. fortunei auct. non Hemsl.: Pai in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 187. 1934. p. p.
  乔木高达10米以上,树冠宽圆锥形,全体具星状绒毛;小枝褐色,有凸起的皮孔。叶片通常卵状心脏形,有时具不规则的角,长达34厘米,顶端渐狭长而锐头,基部心脏形或近圆形,上面毛不久脱落,下面密被无柄的树枝状毛。花序枝的侧枝不发达,故花序金字塔形或狭圆锥形,长约30厘米,小聚伞花序的总花梗长8-20毫米,几与花梗等长,有花3-5朵,稀有单花;萼倒圆锥形,长16-20毫米,基部渐狭,分裂至1/3左右成5枚卵状三角形的齿,管部的毛易脱落;花冠漏斗状钟形,紫色至粉白色,长7-9.5厘米,管在基部以上稍弓曲,外面有腺毛和星状毛,内面无毛而有紫色细小斑点,檐部略作2唇形,直径4-5厘米;雄蕊长达25毫米;子房和花柱有腺,花柱长30-35毫米。蒴果卵形,稀卵状椭圆形,长3.5-5厘米,有星状绒毛,宿萼碟状,顶端具长4-5毫米的喙,果皮厚1-2.5毫米;种子连翅长约4-5毫米。花期4-5月,果期秋季。
  分布于河北、河南、山西、陕西、山东、湖北、安徽、江苏,多数栽培,河南有野生。和揪叶泡桐相近,区别在于后者叶片为长卵状心脏形,长几为宽的2倍;花冠细瘦,管状漏斗形;果实椭圆形,两者可以区分。
  本种一般很少结籽,但它的干形较好,树冠稀疏,发叶晚,生长快,其吸收根主要集中在40厘米以下的土层内,不与一般农作物争夺养料,故适于农桐间作,兰考泡桐是北方地区进行农桐兼作的好树种,在河南等地已普遍推广。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 18 (1998)
Paulownia elongata  S. Y. Hu
兰考泡桐   lan kao pao tong
Trees, to more than 10 m tall; crown broadly conical; many parts stellate tomentose. Young branches brown, with convex lenticels. Leaf blade often ovate-cordate, to 34 cm, abaxially densely sessile dendroid hairy, adaxially glabrescent, base cordate to subrounded, margin usually entire, sometimes irregularly angled or lobed, apex gradually attenuate and acute. Thyrses pyramidal to narrowly conical, ca. 30 cm; cymes 3-5-flowered; peduncle 0.8-2 cm, almost as long as pedicels. Calyx obconical 1.6-2 cm; tube glabrescent; lobes 5, to 1/3 of calyx length. Corolla purple to pinkish white, funnelform-campanulate, 7-9.5 X 4-5 cm, slightly curved, ridged ventrally, outside glandular and stellate hairy, inside glabrous and purple spotted; limb 4-5 cm in diam. Stamens to 2.5 cm. Ovary and style glandular; style 3-3.5 cm. Capsule ovoid, rarely ovoid-ellipsoid, 3.5-5 cm, stellate tomentose; persistent calyx disc-shaped; beak 4-5 mm; pericarp 1-2.5 mm. Seeds 4-5 mm including wing. Fl. Apr-May, fr. autumn.
* Wild or cultivated; low elevations. Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.

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