山榄Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre
山榄Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre
1．山榄（植物学大辞典）图版13:4
Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre, Not. Bot. Sapot. 36. 1890; van Royen in Blumea 8: 368. 1957; Aubr. Fl. Camb. Laos. et Vietn. 3: 86. pl. 14. 1-4, 1936;中国高等植物图鉴3: 300, 图4554. 1974;海南植物志3: 158. 1974.——Sersalisia obovata R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 530. 1810.——Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 266, f. 55, 1841; Kanehira, Formos. Tress rev. ed. 571, f. 529. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学1014, 图900. 1937; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 159. 1940.——Pouteria obovata (R. Br.) Baehni in Candollea 9: 324. 1942; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 727, f. 297. 1963.
乔木或灌木，高可达40米，但通常较小；树皮褐色；小枝圆柱形，具棱，直径2-6毫米，幼时被锈色绢毛或绒毛，后变无毛。叶于枝上散生，膜质、坚纸质或革质，圆形、倒卵形、倒卵状长圆形、卵形、披针形或线形，长6-24厘米，宽1.5-15厘米，先端圆、钝、急尖或渐尖，基部狭或宽楔形，下延至叶柄，边缘有时波状，略背卷，上面具光泽，无毛，下面初时被锈色或带黑色绒毛或绢毛，后变无毛，中脉在上面微凸起，下面凸起，侧脉7-18对，成50-60度上升，上面明显，下面凸起，近叶缘弧曲连结，网脉疏离，明显；叶柄长0.5-5厘米，上面平坦，被锈色、带黑色或带白色绒毛或绢毛，或无毛。花雌性或两性，绿色或白色，数朵成簇腋生，5或6数，两性花较雌花大，花梗细长或较短，长2-10毫米，被锈色或带白色绒毛；花萼裂片5（6），圆形或阔卵形，长2-3毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝，外面被带白色、带黄色或锈色绒毛，内面无毛，边缘膜质，具缘毛或流苏；花冠钟状，长3-5毫米，裂片5，阔卵形或长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米，先端圆；能育雄蕊长2.5-3.5毫米，着生于花冠中部稍下，有时无或未发育，花丝丝状，长2-3毫米，花药卵球形或长圆形，先端钝，侧向或外向开裂；退化雄蕊披针形或三角形，具三齿、尾状渐尖或具芒，有时无或未发育；子房圆锥形或倒卵圆形，长约1毫米，先端截形，被锈色粗毛，5-10室，花柱圆锥形，长1.5-Z毫米，5棱，柱头头状。果新鲜时白色、黄色、红色或天蓝色，倒卵形或球形，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，果皮膜质，无毛；种子1-5枚，斜纺锤形，长8-12毫米，宽2-3.5毫米，两端钝，黄色，具光泽，疤痕狭椭圆形，宽约1毫米，带白色，胚乳丰富，子叶叶状，胚根圆柱形，长约1毫米，伸出。果期10-12月。
产广东海南、台湾；生于低海拔丛林中。印度、巴基斯坦、中南半岛、日本的琉球群岛、菲律宾至澳大利亚北部也有分布。
木材红褐色，质地坚硬而密致，为建筑、工具等用材；叶入药，止腹痛。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 15 (1996)
Planchonella obovata (R. Brown) Pierre
山榄 shan lan
Sersalisia obovata R. Brown, Prodr. 530. 1810; Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hooker & Arnott; Pouteria obovata (R. Brown) Baehni.
Shrubs or trees, to 40 m tall but usually shorter. Bark brown. Branchlets angulate, rust colored sericeous to tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaves scattered; petiole 0.5--5 cm; leaf blade obovate to lanceolate, 6--24 X 1.5--15 cm, membranous, papery, or leathery, abaxially rust colored, blackish tomentose, or sericeous but glabrescent, adaxially shining and glabrous, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, apex rounded to acuminate, lateral veins 7--18 pairs. Flowers female or bisexual, green to white, several in axillary clusters, 5- or 6-merous. Pedicels 2--10 mm, rust colored and white tomentose. Sepals 5(or 6), rounded or broadly ovate, 2--3 X 2--3 mm, outside white, yellow, or rust colored tomentose, inside glabrous, margin membranous, ciliate, or fimbriate. Corolla campanulate, 3--5 mm; lobes 5, broadly ovate to oblong. Stamens 2.5--3.5 mm, sometimes absent or abortive; staminodes lanceolate to triangular, sometimes absent. Ovary conical to obovoid, rust colored hirsute, 5--10-locular. Style conical, 1.5--2 mm, 5-ribbed. Fruit white, yellow, red, or blue when fresh, obovoid to globose, 1--1.5 X 1--1.5 cm; pericarp membranous, glabrous; 1--5-seeded. Seeds oblique fusiform, 8--12 X 2--3.5 mm, yellow; scar narrowly elliptic. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Thickets; low elevations. Hainan, Taiwan [Australia, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Bonin and Ryukyu Islands), New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam]
Wood reddish brown, hard and thick; leaves used medicinally.
别名：石松;树青;
科名：山榄科 Sapotaceae
属名：山榄属 Planchonella
1．山榄（植物学大辞典）图版13:4
Planchonella obovata (R. Br.) Pierre, Not. Bot. Sapot. 36. 1890; van Royen in Blumea 8: 368. 1957; Aubr. Fl. Camb. Laos. et Vietn. 3: 86. pl. 14. 1-4, 1936;中国高等植物图鉴3: 300, 图4554. 1974;海南植物志3: 158. 1974.——Sersalisia obovata R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 530. 1810.——Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 266, f. 55, 1841; Kanehira, Formos. Tress rev. ed. 571, f. 529. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学1014, 图900. 1937; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 159. 1940.——Pouteria obovata (R. Br.) Baehni in Candollea 9: 324. 1942; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 727, f. 297. 1963.
乔木或灌木，高可达40米，但通常较小；树皮褐色；小枝圆柱形，具棱，直径2-6毫米，幼时被锈色绢毛或绒毛，后变无毛。叶于枝上散生，膜质、坚纸质或革质，圆形、倒卵形、倒卵状长圆形、卵形、披针形或线形，长6-24厘米，宽1.5-15厘米，先端圆、钝、急尖或渐尖，基部狭或宽楔形，下延至叶柄，边缘有时波状，略背卷，上面具光泽，无毛，下面初时被锈色或带黑色绒毛或绢毛，后变无毛，中脉在上面微凸起，下面凸起，侧脉7-18对，成50-60度上升，上面明显，下面凸起，近叶缘弧曲连结，网脉疏离，明显；叶柄长0.5-5厘米，上面平坦，被锈色、带黑色或带白色绒毛或绢毛，或无毛。花雌性或两性，绿色或白色，数朵成簇腋生，5或6数，两性花较雌花大，花梗细长或较短，长2-10毫米，被锈色或带白色绒毛；花萼裂片5（6），圆形或阔卵形，长2-3毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝，外面被带白色、带黄色或锈色绒毛，内面无毛，边缘膜质，具缘毛或流苏；花冠钟状，长3-5毫米，裂片5，阔卵形或长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米，先端圆；能育雄蕊长2.5-3.5毫米，着生于花冠中部稍下，有时无或未发育，花丝丝状，长2-3毫米，花药卵球形或长圆形，先端钝，侧向或外向开裂；退化雄蕊披针形或三角形，具三齿、尾状渐尖或具芒，有时无或未发育；子房圆锥形或倒卵圆形，长约1毫米，先端截形，被锈色粗毛，5-10室，花柱圆锥形，长1.5-Z毫米，5棱，柱头头状。果新鲜时白色、黄色、红色或天蓝色，倒卵形或球形，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，果皮膜质，无毛；种子1-5枚，斜纺锤形，长8-12毫米，宽2-3.5毫米，两端钝，黄色，具光泽，疤痕狭椭圆形，宽约1毫米，带白色，胚乳丰富，子叶叶状，胚根圆柱形，长约1毫米，伸出。果期10-12月。
产广东海南、台湾；生于低海拔丛林中。印度、巴基斯坦、中南半岛、日本的琉球群岛、菲律宾至澳大利亚北部也有分布。
木材红褐色，质地坚硬而密致，为建筑、工具等用材；叶入药，止腹痛。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 15 (1996)
Planchonella obovata (R. Brown) Pierre
山榄 shan lan
Sersalisia obovata R. Brown, Prodr. 530. 1810; Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hooker & Arnott; Pouteria obovata (R. Brown) Baehni.
Shrubs or trees, to 40 m tall but usually shorter. Bark brown. Branchlets angulate, rust colored sericeous to tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaves scattered; petiole 0.5--5 cm; leaf blade obovate to lanceolate, 6--24 X 1.5--15 cm, membranous, papery, or leathery, abaxially rust colored, blackish tomentose, or sericeous but glabrescent, adaxially shining and glabrous, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, apex rounded to acuminate, lateral veins 7--18 pairs. Flowers female or bisexual, green to white, several in axillary clusters, 5- or 6-merous. Pedicels 2--10 mm, rust colored and white tomentose. Sepals 5(or 6), rounded or broadly ovate, 2--3 X 2--3 mm, outside white, yellow, or rust colored tomentose, inside glabrous, margin membranous, ciliate, or fimbriate. Corolla campanulate, 3--5 mm; lobes 5, broadly ovate to oblong. Stamens 2.5--3.5 mm, sometimes absent or abortive; staminodes lanceolate to triangular, sometimes absent. Ovary conical to obovoid, rust colored hirsute, 5--10-locular. Style conical, 1.5--2 mm, 5-ribbed. Fruit white, yellow, red, or blue when fresh, obovoid to globose, 1--1.5 X 1--1.5 cm; pericarp membranous, glabrous; 1--5-seeded. Seeds oblique fusiform, 8--12 X 2--3.5 mm, yellow; scar narrowly elliptic. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Thickets; low elevations. Hainan, Taiwan [Australia, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Bonin and Ryukyu Islands), New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam]
Wood reddish brown, hard and thick; leaves used medicinally.