四子柳Salix tetrasperma Roxb.
四子柳Salix tetrasperma Roxb.
1.四子柳（中国高等植勿图鉴）图版25：1-4
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Pl. Corom. 1: 66. t. 97. 1795;Anderss. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 4: 41. 1860;id. in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6: 1 (Monogr. Salic.). 1867: id. in DC. Prodr. 16 (2): 192. 1868;Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 626. 1888;Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 94. 1916;Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 43. 1936;中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 359. 图717. 1972;西藏植物名录, 49. 1980. ——S. disperma Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58. 1825.——S. pyrina auct. non Wall. apud Anderss.: Hao in 1. c. 44. 1936.
乔木，高可达10米余。老枝暗褐色，无毛，当年生枝有稀疏短柔毛或近无毛。芽狭卵形，先端急尖，无毛。叶卵状至线状披针形，长6-16厘米，宽2.5-4.5厘米，先端长渐尖，基部楔形或近圆形，上面绿色，无毛，有光泽，下面苍白色，有白粉，无毛，边缘有细锯齿；叶柄长1-1.5厘米，无毛；托叶偏卵形，有腺锯齿。花叶后开放；雄花序长约10厘米，粗约6毫米，花序梗长1.5-2厘米，着生有2-3个两面生有稀疏伏柔毛小叶，轴密生短柔毛，雄蕊通常8，稀6或9；花丝中部以下有柔毛；花药卵球形，黄色；苞片椭圆形，先端尖或钝圆，两面密生灰白色柔毛；腺体2,常结合成多裂的假花盘；雌花序与雄花序等长或稍短；花序梗长约1厘米，着生有2-3小叶，轴密生灰白色短柔毛；子房具长柄（柄与子房等长或稍短）卵形，花柱短，先端2裂，柱头卵形，2圆裂；苞片同雄花；约与子房柄等长，仅有腹腺，约为柄长的1/5，稍抱柄。蒴果较大，长可达1厘米，无毛。花期9-10月或1-4月，果期11-12月或5月。
产西藏南部、云南南部和西南部及广东南部。生于海拔1800米以下的低山地区河流边。分布于印度、尼泊尔、中南半岛各国和印度尼西亚。
本种为热带地区常见的一种柳树。叶形、大小、被毛疏密、雄蕊数目、子房形状及花柱长、短等特征，都有变化。Andersson和Roxburgh等人曾依据这些变化定了6个变种。据我们研究，这些变种的区别不明显，需进一步采集调查研究。 另外，据文献记载，S. pyrina Wall. apud Anderss.与该种的主要区别为幼枝、叶和叶柄被毛较多，叶全缘或近于全缘，叶下面带灰色而不为苍白色。在我们观察到采自 云南南部的许多标本中，未见有如上性状者，故郝景盛先生认为我国云南有分布，恐系鉴 定之误。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh
四子柳 si zi liu
Pleiarina tetrasperma (Roxburgh) N. Chao & G. T. Gong; Salix disperma Roxburgh ex D. Don.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branches dull brown, glabrous; juvenile branchlets subglabrous. Buds narrowly ovoid, glabrous, apex acute. Stipules obliquely ovate, glandular, serrate; petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to linear-lanceolate, 6-16 × 2.5-4.5 cm, abaxially pale, pruinose, adaxially green, glabrous, shiny, base cuneate or suborbicular, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Flowering serotinous. Male catkin ca. 10 cm × 6 mm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, with 2 or 3 pilose leaflets; rachis densely pubescent or woolly; bracts elliptic, densely grayish white downy, apex acute or obtuse. Male flower: glands usually connected, much lobed, discoid; stamens usually 8, rarely 6 or 9; filaments downy proximally; anthers yellow, ovoid. Female catkin nearly as long as male catkin; bracts like those of male catkin, ca. as long as stipes. Female flower: adaxial gland slightly clasping stipe; ovary ovoid, ca. as long as or slightly shorter than stipe; style short, 2-cleft; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid, glabrous. Fl. Sep-Oct or Jan-Apr, fr. Nov-Dec or May. 2n = 76.
Below 1800 m. S Guangdong, Hainan, S Xizang, S and SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]
别名：纤穗柳;皂柳;四籽柳;
科名：杨柳科 Salicaceae
属名：柳属 Salix
1.四子柳（中国高等植勿图鉴）图版25：1-4
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Pl. Corom. 1: 66. t. 97. 1795;Anderss. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 4: 41. 1860;id. in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6: 1 (Monogr. Salic.). 1867: id. in DC. Prodr. 16 (2): 192. 1868;Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 626. 1888;Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 94. 1916;Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 43. 1936;中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 359. 图717. 1972;西藏植物名录, 49. 1980. ——S. disperma Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58. 1825.——S. pyrina auct. non Wall. apud Anderss.: Hao in 1. c. 44. 1936.
乔木，高可达10米余。老枝暗褐色，无毛，当年生枝有稀疏短柔毛或近无毛。芽狭卵形，先端急尖，无毛。叶卵状至线状披针形，长6-16厘米，宽2.5-4.5厘米，先端长渐尖，基部楔形或近圆形，上面绿色，无毛，有光泽，下面苍白色，有白粉，无毛，边缘有细锯齿；叶柄长1-1.5厘米，无毛；托叶偏卵形，有腺锯齿。花叶后开放；雄花序长约10厘米，粗约6毫米，花序梗长1.5-2厘米，着生有2-3个两面生有稀疏伏柔毛小叶，轴密生短柔毛，雄蕊通常8，稀6或9；花丝中部以下有柔毛；花药卵球形，黄色；苞片椭圆形，先端尖或钝圆，两面密生灰白色柔毛；腺体2,常结合成多裂的假花盘；雌花序与雄花序等长或稍短；花序梗长约1厘米，着生有2-3小叶，轴密生灰白色短柔毛；子房具长柄（柄与子房等长或稍短）卵形，花柱短，先端2裂，柱头卵形，2圆裂；苞片同雄花；约与子房柄等长，仅有腹腺，约为柄长的1/5，稍抱柄。蒴果较大，长可达1厘米，无毛。花期9-10月或1-4月，果期11-12月或5月。
产西藏南部、云南南部和西南部及广东南部。生于海拔1800米以下的低山地区河流边。分布于印度、尼泊尔、中南半岛各国和印度尼西亚。
本种为热带地区常见的一种柳树。叶形、大小、被毛疏密、雄蕊数目、子房形状及花柱长、短等特征，都有变化。Andersson和Roxburgh等人曾依据这些变化定了6个变种。据我们研究，这些变种的区别不明显，需进一步采集调查研究。 另外，据文献记载，S. pyrina Wall. apud Anderss.与该种的主要区别为幼枝、叶和叶柄被毛较多，叶全缘或近于全缘，叶下面带灰色而不为苍白色。在我们观察到采自 云南南部的许多标本中，未见有如上性状者，故郝景盛先生认为我国云南有分布，恐系鉴 定之误。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh
四子柳 si zi liu
Pleiarina tetrasperma (Roxburgh) N. Chao & G. T. Gong; Salix disperma Roxburgh ex D. Don.
Trees to 10 m tall. Branches dull brown, glabrous; juvenile branchlets subglabrous. Buds narrowly ovoid, glabrous, apex acute. Stipules obliquely ovate, glandular, serrate; petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to linear-lanceolate, 6-16 × 2.5-4.5 cm, abaxially pale, pruinose, adaxially green, glabrous, shiny, base cuneate or suborbicular, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Flowering serotinous. Male catkin ca. 10 cm × 6 mm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, with 2 or 3 pilose leaflets; rachis densely pubescent or woolly; bracts elliptic, densely grayish white downy, apex acute or obtuse. Male flower: glands usually connected, much lobed, discoid; stamens usually 8, rarely 6 or 9; filaments downy proximally; anthers yellow, ovoid. Female catkin nearly as long as male catkin; bracts like those of male catkin, ca. as long as stipes. Female flower: adaxial gland slightly clasping stipe; ovary ovoid, ca. as long as or slightly shorter than stipe; style short, 2-cleft; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid, glabrous. Fl. Sep-Oct or Jan-Apr, fr. Nov-Dec or May. 2n = 76.
Below 1800 m. S Guangdong, Hainan, S Xizang, S and SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]