大白柳Salix maximowiczii Kom.
大白柳Salix maximowiczii Kom.
3．大白柳（东北）图版26
Salix maximowiczii Kom. in Act. Hort. petrop. 18: 442. 1901; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 100. 1916; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 18: 70. t. 6-7. 1930; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 48. 1936; Nas. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 207. t. 9: 9. 1936; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 144. 图版34: 下1-9, 图版36: 52. 1955; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 206. 1979.——Toisusu cardiophylla (Trautv. et Mey) Kimura var. maximowiczii Kimura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 42: 289. 1928.
乔木，高可达20米，胸径可达0.8-1米。树皮暗褐灰色；枝细长，小枝无毛，夏季带绿色或灰绿褐色，冬季带黄色。芽卵形，有光泽。叶卵状长圆形，或卵状披针形，质坚，长达12厘米，宽达3.4厘米，基部多少成钝形，稀为心形，先端长渐尖，上面暗绿色，沿主脉初时具短柔毛，后无毛，下面苍白色，无毛；叶柄长5-18毫米，初时有短柔毛，老时无毛；托什卵圆形，齿牙缘，早落。花序与叶同时开放；雄花序长2.5-4.5厘米，密花，直立或斜展，有花序梗，轴无毛；雄蕊5，中间3本较长，长达6-7毫米，两侧者较短，长约3-4毫米，花丝基部有短柔毛，花药黄色；苞片倒卵形，有3-5脉，长2-5毫米，膜质，边缘有长毛；腺体2，腹生和背生；雌花序长4-6(10)厘米，疏花，下垂，有梗，轴无毛；子房卵状披针形，有柄，无毛，花柱2裂，柱头披针形，2深裂，受粉后花柱连同柱头逐渐脱落；苞片长圆形，先端急尖，淡黄色，膜质，边缘和背部有疏长毛，脱落性；腺体2或3，腹生2，在两侧，常基部合生，背生1或无；果序长达5-15厘米。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。生于林区河边，海拔300-600米。朝鲜、苏联远东地区也有分布。模式标本采自鸭绿江附近。
用种子或插条繁殖。木材质软，用作火柴杆；又为蜜源植物及观赏树种。
据木村有香 (A. Kimura)氏于Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV, (Biol.), 18 (4): 546. 1950, 记载我国东北有Salix cardiophylla Trautv.种, 我们未见可靠标本, 有待深入采集研究。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix maximowiczii Komarov
大白柳 da bai liu
Toisusu cardiophylla (Trautvetter & Meyer) Kimura var. maximowiczii (Komarov) Kimura.
Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dull brownish gray. Branches slender; branchlets green or grayish green, yellowish in winter, glabrous. Buds ovoid, shiny. Stipules ovate-orbicular, dentate, caducous; petiole 0.5-1.8 cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 12 × 3.4 cm, abaxially pale, glabrous, adaxially dark green, pubescent along veins, glabrescent, base ± obtuse, rarely cordate, margin serrate, apex long acuminate. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin erect or
spreading, 2.5-4.5 cm, pedunculate, densely flowered; rachis glabrous; bracts obovate, 2-5 mm, ciliate, 3-5-veined. Male flower: glands 2; stamens 5, central 3 longer than lateral 2, 6-7 mm; filaments pubescent at base; anthers yellow. Female catkin pendulous, 4-6(-10) cm, loosely flowered, to 5-15 cm in fruit; bracts yellowish, oblong, abaxially pilose, apex acute, caducous. Female flower: adaxial glands 2, abaxial gland 1 or absent; ovary ovoid-lanceolate, glabrous, stipitate; style 2-lobed; stigma lanceolate, 2-parted; style and stigma caducous in fruit. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Jul.
300-800 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
Used for timber, matchwood, and as a nectariferous plant.
科名：杨柳科 Salicaceae
属名：柳属 Salix
3．大白柳（东北）图版26
Salix maximowiczii Kom. in Act. Hort. petrop. 18: 442. 1901; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 100. 1916; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 18: 70. t. 6-7. 1930; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 48. 1936; Nas. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 207. t. 9: 9. 1936; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 144. 图版34: 下1-9, 图版36: 52. 1955; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 206. 1979.——Toisusu cardiophylla (Trautv. et Mey) Kimura var. maximowiczii Kimura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 42: 289. 1928.
乔木，高可达20米，胸径可达0.8-1米。树皮暗褐灰色；枝细长，小枝无毛，夏季带绿色或灰绿褐色，冬季带黄色。芽卵形，有光泽。叶卵状长圆形，或卵状披针形，质坚，长达12厘米，宽达3.4厘米，基部多少成钝形，稀为心形，先端长渐尖，上面暗绿色，沿主脉初时具短柔毛，后无毛，下面苍白色，无毛；叶柄长5-18毫米，初时有短柔毛，老时无毛；托什卵圆形，齿牙缘，早落。花序与叶同时开放；雄花序长2.5-4.5厘米，密花，直立或斜展，有花序梗，轴无毛；雄蕊5，中间3本较长，长达6-7毫米，两侧者较短，长约3-4毫米，花丝基部有短柔毛，花药黄色；苞片倒卵形，有3-5脉，长2-5毫米，膜质，边缘有长毛；腺体2，腹生和背生；雌花序长4-6(10)厘米，疏花，下垂，有梗，轴无毛；子房卵状披针形，有柄，无毛，花柱2裂，柱头披针形，2深裂，受粉后花柱连同柱头逐渐脱落；苞片长圆形，先端急尖，淡黄色，膜质，边缘和背部有疏长毛，脱落性；腺体2或3，腹生2，在两侧，常基部合生，背生1或无；果序长达5-15厘米。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。生于林区河边，海拔300-600米。朝鲜、苏联远东地区也有分布。模式标本采自鸭绿江附近。
用种子或插条繁殖。木材质软，用作火柴杆；又为蜜源植物及观赏树种。
据木村有香 (A. Kimura)氏于Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV, (Biol.), 18 (4): 546. 1950, 记载我国东北有Salix cardiophylla Trautv.种, 我们未见可靠标本, 有待深入采集研究。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix maximowiczii Komarov
大白柳 da bai liu
Toisusu cardiophylla (Trautvetter & Meyer) Kimura var. maximowiczii (Komarov) Kimura.
Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dull brownish gray. Branches slender; branchlets green or grayish green, yellowish in winter, glabrous. Buds ovoid, shiny. Stipules ovate-orbicular, dentate, caducous; petiole 0.5-1.8 cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 12 × 3.4 cm, abaxially pale, glabrous, adaxially dark green, pubescent along veins, glabrescent, base ± obtuse, rarely cordate, margin serrate, apex long acuminate. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin erect or
spreading, 2.5-4.5 cm, pedunculate, densely flowered; rachis glabrous; bracts obovate, 2-5 mm, ciliate, 3-5-veined. Male flower: glands 2; stamens 5, central 3 longer than lateral 2, 6-7 mm; filaments pubescent at base; anthers yellow. Female catkin pendulous, 4-6(-10) cm, loosely flowered, to 5-15 cm in fruit; bracts yellowish, oblong, abaxially pilose, apex acute, caducous. Female flower: adaxial glands 2, abaxial gland 1 or absent; ovary ovoid-lanceolate, glabrous, stipitate; style 2-lobed; stigma lanceolate, 2-parted; style and stigma caducous in fruit. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Jul.
300-800 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
Used for timber, matchwood, and as a nectariferous plant.