长柱柳Salix eriocarpa Franch. et Savatier
长柱柳Salix eriocarpa Franch. et Savatier
37．长柱柳（东北木本植物图志）
Salix eriocarpa Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 459. 1875; et 2: 503. 1879; Koidz. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 27: 88. 1913, p. p.; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 108. 1916. ——S. dolichostyla Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. 30 (Beibl. 67): 39. 1901 et Salic. Jap. 26. t. 2: A-D. 1903; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 65. 1936; Nas. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 198. 1936; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 148.图版37: 下1-8. 1955.——S. mixta Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 391. 1892.
灌木或乔木，高10-20米，胸径50-60厘米。树皮灰黑色，粗糙，沟裂。小枝黄灰色或黄褐色；无毛，幼时有丝状长柔毛。芽长圆形，无毛或先端有毛。叶倒披针形或长圆 状披针形，中部以上较宽，长约6.5-9厘米，宽1-1.7厘米，先端长渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐锯齿，上面绿色，下面带蓝绿色，沿中脉有长毛；叶柄长0.5-1厘米。花序先叶开放，或近同时开放；雄花序无梗，长2-4厘米，粗5毫米；雄蕊2，花药带红色，花丝半合生或离生，基部有长毛；苞片为花丝的1/3-1/2，卵状椭圆形，先端钝或微凹，基部有短柔毛；腺体2，背生和腹生；雌花序长1.5-2厘米，粗5毫米，有花序梗，梗具2-3倒披针形小叶；子房卵形，有毛，花柱为子房长的2/3,柱头长，2裂；苞片长圆形，先端圆形、钝或微凹，基部有毛；腺体2,背生和腹生。花期5月，果期6月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。多沿河边生长，海拔50-600米。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有分布。
用种子和扦插繁殖。 木材质软，供建筑、薪炭、小农具等用；又为固堤绿化的树种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier
长柱柳 chang zhu liu
Salix dolichostyla Seemen; S. mixta Korshinsky.
Shrubs or trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish black, furrowed. Branchlets yellowish gray or yellowish brown, glabrous, villous when young. Buds oblong, glabrous or slightly pilose. Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, broadest above middle, 6.5-9 × 1-1.7 cm, abaxially bluish green, long pubescent along midvein, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex long acuminate. Male catkin 2-4 cm × ca. 5 mm, sessile; bracts ovate-elliptic, 1/3-1/2 as long as filament, yellowish pubescent, rarely glabrescent distally, apex obtuse or retuse. Male flower: glands adaxial and abaxial; stamens 2; filaments distinct or semiconnate proximally, long yellow pubescent basally; anthers red. Female catkin 1.5-2 cm × ca. 5 mm; peduncle with 2 or 3 oblanceolate leaflets; bracts oblong ovate, pilose at base, apex rounded, obtuse, or retuse. Female flower: glands 2, adaxial and abaxial; ovary ovoid, pilose; style ca. 2/3 as long as ovary; stigma long, 2-cleft. Fl. May, fr. Jun.
Along rivers; near sea level to 600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia]
A. K. Skvortsov believes that this species is synonymous with Salix pierotii.
Planted to protect embankments, for reforestation, and for timber.
别名：崖柳;
科名：杨柳科 Salicaceae
属名：柳属 Salix
37．长柱柳（东北木本植物图志）
Salix eriocarpa Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 459. 1875; et 2: 503. 1879; Koidz. in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 27: 88. 1913, p. p.; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 108. 1916. ——S. dolichostyla Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. 30 (Beibl. 67): 39. 1901 et Salic. Jap. 26. t. 2: A-D. 1903; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 65. 1936; Nas. in Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 198. 1936; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 148.图版37: 下1-8. 1955.——S. mixta Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 391. 1892.
灌木或乔木，高10-20米，胸径50-60厘米。树皮灰黑色，粗糙，沟裂。小枝黄灰色或黄褐色；无毛，幼时有丝状长柔毛。芽长圆形，无毛或先端有毛。叶倒披针形或长圆 状披针形，中部以上较宽，长约6.5-9厘米，宽1-1.7厘米，先端长渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐锯齿，上面绿色，下面带蓝绿色，沿中脉有长毛；叶柄长0.5-1厘米。花序先叶开放，或近同时开放；雄花序无梗，长2-4厘米，粗5毫米；雄蕊2，花药带红色，花丝半合生或离生，基部有长毛；苞片为花丝的1/3-1/2，卵状椭圆形，先端钝或微凹，基部有短柔毛；腺体2，背生和腹生；雌花序长1.5-2厘米，粗5毫米，有花序梗，梗具2-3倒披针形小叶；子房卵形，有毛，花柱为子房长的2/3,柱头长，2裂；苞片长圆形，先端圆形、钝或微凹，基部有毛；腺体2,背生和腹生。花期5月，果期6月。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁。多沿河边生长，海拔50-600米。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有分布。
用种子和扦插繁殖。 木材质软，供建筑、薪炭、小农具等用；又为固堤绿化的树种。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Salix eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier
长柱柳 chang zhu liu
Salix dolichostyla Seemen; S. mixta Korshinsky.
Shrubs or trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish black, furrowed. Branchlets yellowish gray or yellowish brown, glabrous, villous when young. Buds oblong, glabrous or slightly pilose. Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, broadest above middle, 6.5-9 × 1-1.7 cm, abaxially bluish green, long pubescent along midvein, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex long acuminate. Male catkin 2-4 cm × ca. 5 mm, sessile; bracts ovate-elliptic, 1/3-1/2 as long as filament, yellowish pubescent, rarely glabrescent distally, apex obtuse or retuse. Male flower: glands adaxial and abaxial; stamens 2; filaments distinct or semiconnate proximally, long yellow pubescent basally; anthers red. Female catkin 1.5-2 cm × ca. 5 mm; peduncle with 2 or 3 oblanceolate leaflets; bracts oblong ovate, pilose at base, apex rounded, obtuse, or retuse. Female flower: glands 2, adaxial and abaxial; ovary ovoid, pilose; style ca. 2/3 as long as ovary; stigma long, 2-cleft. Fl. May, fr. Jun.
Along rivers; near sea level to 600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia]
A. K. Skvortsov believes that this species is synonymous with Salix pierotii.
Planted to protect embankments, for reforestation, and for timber.