野花椒Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
野花椒Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
40. 野花椒 刺椒（山东），黄椒〔山西），大花椒（江苏），天角椒、黄总管、香椒（江西）图版8: 4-8；10: 6
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 5, 5: 208. 1866; Huang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 17. Pl. 1. 1957 et in Guihaia 7: 1. 1987; 台湾植物志 3: 537. 1977.——Zanthoxylum podocarpum Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 106. 1886; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 623. 1933.——Fagara podocarpa (Hemsl.) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 118. 1896 et 19a: 221. 1931. ——Z. simulans var. podocarpum (Hemsl.) Huang, l. c. 6: 20. 1957. ——Z. bungei var. inermis Franch. Pl. David. 1: 67. 1884.——Z. setosum Hemsl. l. c. 23: 107. 1886; Engl. l. c. 19a: 217. f. H., 1931, pro syn. X. bungei Pl.——F. setosa (Hemsl.) Engl. l. c. 3(4): 118. 1896; Li Woody Fl. Taiwan 387. 1963.——Z. argyi Levl. in Mem. Acad. Ci. Barcelona 12: 560. 1916.——Z. acanthophyllum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 6:7. 1916.——Z. bungei auct. non Pl.: Hemsl. l. c. 23: 106. 1886, pro parte et auct. al.
灌木或小乔术；枝干散生基部宽而扁的锐刺，嫩枝及小叶背面沿中脉或仅中脉基部两侧或有时及侧脉均被短柔毛，或各部均无毛。叶有小叶5-15片；叶轴有狭窄的叶质边缘，腹面呈沟状凹陷；小叶对生，无柄或位于叶轴基部的有甚短的小叶柄，卵形，卵状椭圆形或披针形，长2.5-7厘米．宽1.5-4厘米，两侧略不对称，顶部急尖或短尖，常有凹口，油点多，干后半透明且常微凸起，间有窝状凹陷，叶面常有刚毛状细刺，中脉凹陷，叶缘有疏离而浅的钝裂齿。花序顶生，长1-5厘米；花被片5-8片，狭披针形、宽卵形或近于三角形，大小及形状有时不相同，长约2毫米，淡黄绿色；雄花的雄蕊5-8（-10）枚，花丝及半圆形凸起的退化雌蕊均淡绿色，药隔顶端有1干后暗褐黑色的油点；雌花的花被片为狭长披针形；心皮2-3个，花柱斜向背弯。果红褐色，分果瓣基部变狭窄且略延长1-2毫米呈柄状，油点多，微凸起，单个分果瓣径约5毫米；种子长约4-4.5毫米。花期3-5月，果期7-9月。
产青海、甘肃、山东、河南、安徽、江苏、浙江、湖北、江西、台湾、福建、湖南及贵州东北部。见于平地、低丘陵或略高的山地疏或密林下，喜阳光，耐干旱。
模式标本采自福建厦门市近郊。
果有短梗，是本种与Z. stipitatum Huang共有的鉴别特征，但本种的分果瓣干后不呈暗褐黑色，亦非鲜红色。▽果作草药，味辛辣，麻舌。温中除湿，祛风逐寒。有止痛、健胃、抗菌，驱蛔虫功效。台湾及江西民间有用其根治胃病。▽果皮及叶含挥发油：phellandrene、zanthoxylene、citronellol、geraniol,果皮含油约4%，叶的含量较少。叶又含：quercetin、cyanidine、kaempferol、Caffeic acid及sanshool与sanshoamide的类似成分。根皮含多类生物碱：skimmianine、edulinine、araliopsine、chelerythrine、ribelinine、dihydro-及 oxychelerythrine、N-acetylanomaine、γ-fagar-ine、8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine等，前二者有较强的镇痛效应和抑制神经中枢作用。木材含lignans、sesamin及sitosterol。
形态特征：与花椒相似，其主要区别在于野花椒的叶片厚纸质，两面均有透明腺点。**查常在1-2个集生于一个果柄上，果实近圆球形，黄棕色至紫红色，基部有伸长的子房柄。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
分 布：各地
生 境：山坡、路旁或灌木丛中
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：果皮
药用功能：搔痒、止痛
药用主治：虚寒、脘腹冷痛、寒湿泄泻、虫积腹痛、风寒湿痹
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
野花椒 ye hua jiao
Fagara podocarpa (Hemsley) Engler; F. setosa (Hemsley) Engler; Zanthoxylum acanthophyllum Hayata; Z. argyi H. Léveillé; Z. bungei Hance var. inermis Franchet; Z. podocarpum Hemsley; Z. setosum Hemsley; Z. simulans var. podocarpum (Hemsley) C. C. Huang.
Shrubs or small trees. Stems and branchlets with prickles. Young branchlets and leaflet blades abaxially on midvein pubescent, sometimes also secondary veins pubescent, sometimes all parts glabrous. Leaves 5-15-foliolate; rachis winged; leaflet blades sessile or at base of leaf rachis with a short petiolule, opposite, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 2.5-7 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially with spines, oil glands numerous, translucent, and slightly protruding when dry, midvein impressed, base slightly oblique, margin crenate, apex acute to mucronate or with a retuse tip. Inflorescences terminal, 1-5 cm. Perianth in 2 irregular series or 1 series, with 5-8 ± undifferentiated tepals. Tepals pale yellowish green, narrowly lanceolate, broadly ovate, or subdeltoid, ca. 2 mm. Male flowers: stamens 5-8(-10); filaments pale green; connective with an oil gland at apex; rudimentary gynoecium pale green. Female flowers: carpels 2 or 3; styles recurved. Fruit follicles reddish brown, ca. 5 mm in diam., base attenuate into a 1-2 mm stipe, oil glands numerous and slightly protruding. Seeds 4-4.5 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = ca. 132*.
● Plains or upland forests. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, N Guangdong, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
别名：Chinese-pepper;刺花椒;大红袍;家花椒;臭椒;花椒;狗椒;大花椒;山花椒;刺椒;天角椒;川椒;黄椒;狗花椒;秦椒;高脚刺;青椒;椒树;铁边乌不踏;土花椒;叶尔玛;黄总管;岩椒;崖椒;香椒;枸椒;
科名：芸香科 Rutaceae
属名：花椒属 Zanthoxylum
40. 野花椒 刺椒（山东），黄椒〔山西），大花椒（江苏），天角椒、黄总管、香椒（江西）图版8: 4-8；10: 6
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 5, 5: 208. 1866; Huang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 17. Pl. 1. 1957 et in Guihaia 7: 1. 1987; 台湾植物志 3: 537. 1977.——Zanthoxylum podocarpum Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 106. 1886; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 623. 1933.——Fagara podocarpa (Hemsl.) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 118. 1896 et 19a: 221. 1931. ——Z. simulans var. podocarpum (Hemsl.) Huang, l. c. 6: 20. 1957. ——Z. bungei var. inermis Franch. Pl. David. 1: 67. 1884.——Z. setosum Hemsl. l. c. 23: 107. 1886; Engl. l. c. 19a: 217. f. H., 1931, pro syn. X. bungei Pl.——F. setosa (Hemsl.) Engl. l. c. 3(4): 118. 1896; Li Woody Fl. Taiwan 387. 1963.——Z. argyi Levl. in Mem. Acad. Ci. Barcelona 12: 560. 1916.——Z. acanthophyllum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 6:7. 1916.——Z. bungei auct. non Pl.: Hemsl. l. c. 23: 106. 1886, pro parte et auct. al.
灌木或小乔术；枝干散生基部宽而扁的锐刺，嫩枝及小叶背面沿中脉或仅中脉基部两侧或有时及侧脉均被短柔毛，或各部均无毛。叶有小叶5-15片；叶轴有狭窄的叶质边缘，腹面呈沟状凹陷；小叶对生，无柄或位于叶轴基部的有甚短的小叶柄，卵形，卵状椭圆形或披针形，长2.5-7厘米．宽1.5-4厘米，两侧略不对称，顶部急尖或短尖，常有凹口，油点多，干后半透明且常微凸起，间有窝状凹陷，叶面常有刚毛状细刺，中脉凹陷，叶缘有疏离而浅的钝裂齿。花序顶生，长1-5厘米；花被片5-8片，狭披针形、宽卵形或近于三角形，大小及形状有时不相同，长约2毫米，淡黄绿色；雄花的雄蕊5-8（-10）枚，花丝及半圆形凸起的退化雌蕊均淡绿色，药隔顶端有1干后暗褐黑色的油点；雌花的花被片为狭长披针形；心皮2-3个，花柱斜向背弯。果红褐色，分果瓣基部变狭窄且略延长1-2毫米呈柄状，油点多，微凸起，单个分果瓣径约5毫米；种子长约4-4.5毫米。花期3-5月，果期7-9月。
产青海、甘肃、山东、河南、安徽、江苏、浙江、湖北、江西、台湾、福建、湖南及贵州东北部。见于平地、低丘陵或略高的山地疏或密林下，喜阳光，耐干旱。
模式标本采自福建厦门市近郊。
果有短梗，是本种与Z. stipitatum Huang共有的鉴别特征，但本种的分果瓣干后不呈暗褐黑色，亦非鲜红色。▽果作草药，味辛辣，麻舌。温中除湿，祛风逐寒。有止痛、健胃、抗菌，驱蛔虫功效。台湾及江西民间有用其根治胃病。▽果皮及叶含挥发油：phellandrene、zanthoxylene、citronellol、geraniol,果皮含油约4%，叶的含量较少。叶又含：quercetin、cyanidine、kaempferol、Caffeic acid及sanshool与sanshoamide的类似成分。根皮含多类生物碱：skimmianine、edulinine、araliopsine、chelerythrine、ribelinine、dihydro-及 oxychelerythrine、N-acetylanomaine、γ-fagar-ine、8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine等，前二者有较强的镇痛效应和抑制神经中枢作用。木材含lignans、sesamin及sitosterol。
形态特征：与花椒相似，其主要区别在于野花椒的叶片厚纸质，两面均有透明腺点。**查常在1-2个集生于一个果柄上，果实近圆球形，黄棕色至紫红色，基部有伸长的子房柄。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
分 布：各地
生 境：山坡、路旁或灌木丛中
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：果皮
药用功能：搔痒、止痛
药用主治：虚寒、脘腹冷痛、寒湿泄泻、虫积腹痛、风寒湿痹
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
野花椒 ye hua jiao
Fagara podocarpa (Hemsley) Engler; F. setosa (Hemsley) Engler; Zanthoxylum acanthophyllum Hayata; Z. argyi H. Léveillé; Z. bungei Hance var. inermis Franchet; Z. podocarpum Hemsley; Z. setosum Hemsley; Z. simulans var. podocarpum (Hemsley) C. C. Huang.
Shrubs or small trees. Stems and branchlets with prickles. Young branchlets and leaflet blades abaxially on midvein pubescent, sometimes also secondary veins pubescent, sometimes all parts glabrous. Leaves 5-15-foliolate; rachis winged; leaflet blades sessile or at base of leaf rachis with a short petiolule, opposite, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 2.5-7 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially with spines, oil glands numerous, translucent, and slightly protruding when dry, midvein impressed, base slightly oblique, margin crenate, apex acute to mucronate or with a retuse tip. Inflorescences terminal, 1-5 cm. Perianth in 2 irregular series or 1 series, with 5-8 ± undifferentiated tepals. Tepals pale yellowish green, narrowly lanceolate, broadly ovate, or subdeltoid, ca. 2 mm. Male flowers: stamens 5-8(-10); filaments pale green; connective with an oil gland at apex; rudimentary gynoecium pale green. Female flowers: carpels 2 or 3; styles recurved. Fruit follicles reddish brown, ca. 5 mm in diam., base attenuate into a 1-2 mm stipe, oil glands numerous and slightly protruding. Seeds 4-4.5 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = ca. 132*.
● Plains or upland forests. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, N Guangdong, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang.