竹叶花椒Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
竹叶花椒Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
31.竹叶花椒 万花针、白总管、竹叶总管（江西、湖南），山花椒（广西），狗椒、野花椒（河南、贵州、云南），崖椒、秦椒、蜀椒（植物名实图考）
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Prodr. 1: 727. 1824; Hartley in Journ. Arn. Arb. 47: 211. 1966; Babu in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 16: 53. 1974; 台湾植物志3:532. 1977.——Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 768. 1832; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 105. 1886; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2:125. 1914, pro parte.; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 623. 1933.——Z. planispinum Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munchen 4: 138. 1846; Huang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 27. Pl. 3 1957; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 540. 图 2810. 1972.——Z. alatum var. planispinum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Rehd. et Wils. l. c. 2: 125. 1914, et auct. pl.——Z. alatum var. subtrifoliolatum Franch. Pl. Delav. 124. 1889; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 385. 1963.——Z. arenosum Reeder et Cheo in Journ. Arn. Arb. 32: 71. 1951.——Z. bungei auct. non Planch.: Hance in Ann. Sci. Bot. Nat. ser. 5, 5: 209. 1866.
高3-5米的落叶小乔木；茎枝多锐刺，刺基部宽而扁，红褐色，小枝上的刺劲直，水平抽出，小叶背面中脉上常有小刺，仅叶背基部中脉两侧有丛状柔毛，或嫩枝梢及花序轴均被褐锈色短柔毛。叶有小叶3-9、稀11片，翼叶明显，稀仅有痕迹；小叶对生，通常披针形，长3-12厘米，宽1-3厘米，两端尖，有时基部宽楔形，干后叶缘略向背卷，叶面稍粗皱；或为椭圆形，长4-9厘米，宽2-4.5厘米，顶端中央一片最大，基部一对最小；有时为卵形，叶缘有甚小且疏离的裂齿，或近于全缘，仅在齿缝处或沿小叶边缘有油点；小叶柄甚短或无柄。花序近腋生或同时生于侧枝之顶，长2-5厘米，有花约30朵以内；花被片6-8片，形状与大小几相同，长约1.5毫米；雄花的雄蕊5-6枚，药隔顶端有1干后变褐黑色油点；不育雌蕊垫状凸起，顶端2-3浅裂；雌花有心皮3-2个，背部近顶侧各有1油点，花柱斜向背弯，不育雄蕊短线状。果紫红色，有微凸起少数油点，单个分果瓣径4-5毫米；种子径3-4毫米，褐黑色。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Zanthoxylum armatum Candolle
竹叶花椒 zhu ye hua jiao
Shrubs, woody climbers, or trees to 5 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets and leaflet blades abaxially on midvein usually with prickles. Young branchlets and inflorescence rachises glabrous or rust-colored pubescent. Leaves 3-9(or 11)-foliolate; rachis glabrous or rust-colored pubescent, wings to 6 mm on each side; leaflet blades subsessile, opposite, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 3-12 × 1-3 cm, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, secondary veins 7-15 on each side of midvein and generally faint, margin crenate or entire and often revolute when dry, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal on short lateral branchlets and sometimes axillary, 1-7 cm, with less than 30 flowers. Perianth in 2 irregular series or 1 series, with 6-8 ± undifferentiated 0.3-1.5 mm tepals. Male flowers: stamens 4-6; anthers yellow prior to anthesis; connective apex with oil gland; disk pulvinate; rudimentary carpels lacking. Female flowers: carpels 2 or 3, abaxially often with a conspicuous oil gland; styles recurved; staminodes ligulate or lacking. Fruit follicles usually purplish red, 4-5 mm in diam., with a few protruding oil glands. Seeds blackish brown, 3-4 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 66.
Found in many habitats; below 3100 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Sichuan, N Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Ohba (Fl. Jap. 22c: 37. 2001) treats the plants from Japan and most of China as Zanthoxylum armatum var. subtrifoliolatum (Franchet) Kitamura.
别名：花椒;入地金牛;山椒;秦椒;两面针;两背针;金阳青椒;白总管;花椒树;胡椒簕;狗椒;狗花椒;刺椒;川椒;直刺花椒;金阳花椒;小刺黄芩;叶玛;野花椒、土椒;刺花椒;茨苍;竹叶椒;砣砣椒;岩椒;竹花椒;山胡椒;蜀椒;土花椒;崖椒;山花椒;微柔毛花椒;野花椒;
科名：芸香科 Rutaceae
属名：花椒属 Zanthoxylum
31.竹叶花椒 万花针、白总管、竹叶总管（江西、湖南），山花椒（广西），狗椒、野花椒（河南、贵州、云南），崖椒、秦椒、蜀椒（植物名实图考）
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Prodr. 1: 727. 1824; Hartley in Journ. Arn. Arb. 47: 211. 1966; Babu in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 16: 53. 1974; 台湾植物志3:532. 1977.——Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 768. 1832; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 105. 1886; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2:125. 1914, pro parte.; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 623. 1933.——Z. planispinum Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munchen 4: 138. 1846; Huang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 27. Pl. 3 1957; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 540. 图 2810. 1972.——Z. alatum var. planispinum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Rehd. et Wils. l. c. 2: 125. 1914, et auct. pl.——Z. alatum var. subtrifoliolatum Franch. Pl. Delav. 124. 1889; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 385. 1963.——Z. arenosum Reeder et Cheo in Journ. Arn. Arb. 32: 71. 1951.——Z. bungei auct. non Planch.: Hance in Ann. Sci. Bot. Nat. ser. 5, 5: 209. 1866.
高3-5米的落叶小乔木；茎枝多锐刺，刺基部宽而扁，红褐色，小枝上的刺劲直，水平抽出，小叶背面中脉上常有小刺，仅叶背基部中脉两侧有丛状柔毛，或嫩枝梢及花序轴均被褐锈色短柔毛。叶有小叶3-9、稀11片，翼叶明显，稀仅有痕迹；小叶对生，通常披针形，长3-12厘米，宽1-3厘米，两端尖，有时基部宽楔形，干后叶缘略向背卷，叶面稍粗皱；或为椭圆形，长4-9厘米，宽2-4.5厘米，顶端中央一片最大，基部一对最小；有时为卵形，叶缘有甚小且疏离的裂齿，或近于全缘，仅在齿缝处或沿小叶边缘有油点；小叶柄甚短或无柄。花序近腋生或同时生于侧枝之顶，长2-5厘米，有花约30朵以内；花被片6-8片，形状与大小几相同，长约1.5毫米；雄花的雄蕊5-6枚，药隔顶端有1干后变褐黑色油点；不育雌蕊垫状凸起，顶端2-3浅裂；雌花有心皮3-2个，背部近顶侧各有1油点，花柱斜向背弯，不育雄蕊短线状。果紫红色，有微凸起少数油点，单个分果瓣径4-5毫米；种子径3-4毫米，褐黑色。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Zanthoxylum armatum Candolle
竹叶花椒 zhu ye hua jiao
Shrubs, woody climbers, or trees to 5 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets and leaflet blades abaxially on midvein usually with prickles. Young branchlets and inflorescence rachises glabrous or rust-colored pubescent. Leaves 3-9(or 11)-foliolate; rachis glabrous or rust-colored pubescent, wings to 6 mm on each side; leaflet blades subsessile, opposite, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 3-12 × 1-3 cm, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, secondary veins 7-15 on each side of midvein and generally faint, margin crenate or entire and often revolute when dry, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal on short lateral branchlets and sometimes axillary, 1-7 cm, with less than 30 flowers. Perianth in 2 irregular series or 1 series, with 6-8 ± undifferentiated 0.3-1.5 mm tepals. Male flowers: stamens 4-6; anthers yellow prior to anthesis; connective apex with oil gland; disk pulvinate; rudimentary carpels lacking. Female flowers: carpels 2 or 3, abaxially often with a conspicuous oil gland; styles recurved; staminodes ligulate or lacking. Fruit follicles usually purplish red, 4-5 mm in diam., with a few protruding oil glands. Seeds blackish brown, 3-4 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 66.
Found in many habitats; below 3100 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Sichuan, N Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Ohba (Fl. Jap. 22c: 37. 2001) treats the plants from Japan and most of China as Zanthoxylum armatum var. subtrifoliolatum (Franchet) Kitamura.