栏目

大叶茜草Rubia schumanniana Pritzel

大叶茜草Rubia schumanniana Pritzel

别名:女儿红;西南茜草;川黔茜茎;四轮筋骨草;川黔茜草;灯儿草;光茎茜草;红血儿;咸洒;沙糖根;山锯锯草;四能草;紫脉茜草;小红参;小红藤;小血散;四块瓦;茜草;

科名:茜草科 Rubiaceae

属名:茜草属 Rubia

《中国植物志》第71(2)卷299页
  17. 大叶茜草(中国高等植物图鉴)咸洒(云南禄劝),小红参(云南师宗),灯儿草(四川泸定),红血儿、四轮筋骨草(四川金佛山),紫脉茜草(四川雷波),茜草(多处),四能草(贵州石阡),女儿红(贵州)图版66:1-7
  Rubia schumanniana Pritzel in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 583. 1901; Hand. -Mazz. in Sinensis 5: 22. 1934 et Symb. Sin. 7 (4): 1031. 1936; Ferguson in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32 (1): 114. 1972. ——R. leiocaulis Diels in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard Edinb. 5: 277. 1912; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 248. 1917; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (4): 1031. 1936; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 276, 图5965. 1975, syn. nov. ——R. esquirolii Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 10: 439. 1912. ——R. chinensis Regel & Maack var. esquirolii (Levl.) Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan. 248. 1917.——R. maillardii Levl. et Vant in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 145. 1907, syn. nov.——R. cordifolia Linn. var. maillardii (Levl. et Vant) Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 372. 1915——R. schumanniana Pritzel var. maillardii (Levl. et Vant) Hand. -Mazz. in Sinensis 5: 22. 1934; Ferguson in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32 (1): 115. 1972.
  草本,通常近直立,高1米左右,很少攀援状;茎和分枝均有4直棱和直槽,有时在棱上亦可见直槽,近无毛,平滑或有微小倒刺。叶4片轮生,厚纸质至革质,披针形、长圆状卵形或卵形,有时阔卵形,长通常4-10厘米,宽2-4厘米,顶端渐尖或近短尖,基部阔楔形,近钝圆,乃至浅心形,边稍反卷而粗糙,通常仅上面脉上生钩状短硬毛,有时上面或两面均被短硬毛,粗糙;基出脉3条,如为5条则靠近叶缘的一对纤细而不明显,通常在上面凹陷,在下面凸起,网脉两面均不明显;叶柄近等长或2长2短,约0.5-1.5厘米,有时可达3厘米。聚伞花序多具分枝,排成圆锥花序式,顶生和腋生,腋生的通常比叶稍短,顶生的较长,总花梗长可达3-4厘米,有直棱,通常无毛;小苞片披针形,长3-4毫米,有缘毛;花小,直径约3.5-4毫米;花冠白色或绿黄色,干后常变褐色,裂片通常5,很少4或6(原记载),近卵形,渐尖或短尾尖,顶端收缩,常内弯。浆果小,球状,直径约5-7毫米,黑色。
  产我国西南部。生于林中,海拔2600-3000米。模式标本采自四川南川大河坝。
种中文名:大叶茜草
种拉丁名:Rubia schumanniana Pritzel
科中文名:茜草科
科拉丁名:Rubiaceae
属中文名:茜草属
属拉丁名:Rubia
国内分布:产我国西南部。
海    拔:2600-3000
命名来源:(中国高等植物图鉴)[]

【药 名】:大叶茜草

【拼 音】:DAYEQIANCAO

【来 源】:为双子叶植物药茜草科植物大叶茜草的全草。

【功 效】:止血化瘀 消炎解毒。

【主 治】:用于血热引起的各种出血,便血,尿血,月经过多,肿瘤,经闭,水肿,血崩,跌打损伤,肝炎,痈肿疔毒,蛇伤等症。

【性味归经】:苦,寒。心、肝二经。

【用法用量】:内服:煎汤3-15克。外用适量捣烂或研末敷患处。

【别 名】:西南茜草(《中药志》)、四片瓦、大茜草(云南)

【动植物资源分布】:分布四川、贵州、云南等地。

【拉丁名】:大叶茜草Rubiaschumahhiaha Pritz R-maillardir lerl et var

【考 证】:始载于《中国高等植物图鉴》。

【中药化学成分】:含大叶茜草素(Pubimaillih)(3-甲氧羰基-4-羟基-6),6-二甲基荼骈(1",-2-2,3) -吡喃-1-羟基-2-甲氧基蒽醌、1-羟-2-甲基蒽醌 1.4-二羟基-1-甲基蒽醌、B-谷甾醇。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Rubia schumanniana  E. Pritzel Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 583. 1901.
大叶茜草   da ye qian cao
Rubia chinensis Regel & Maack var. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; R. cordifolia Linnaeus var. maillardii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) H. Léveillé; R. esquirolii H. Léveillé; R. leiocaulis Diels; R. maillardii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; R. schumanniana var. maillardii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs, perennial, erect (or rarely ?climbing), with rhizomatous base; stems to 1 m, quadrangular to subterete, sometimes shallowly ribbed and/or sulcate, glabrous or puberulent near nodes, smooth or sometimes sparsely retrorsely aculeolate. Leaves in whorls of 4; petiole equal to unequal, 0.5-1.5(-3) cm; blade drying thickly papery to subleathery, broadly lanceolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 3-10 × 1.7-4 cm, length/breadth index 1.5-2.5, glabrous or usually hispidulous along principal veins and scaberulous on lamina, base obtuse to rounded or cordulate, margins thinly revolute and smooth to scaberulous, apex acuminate or subacute; principal veins 3 or 5, palmate, plane to impressed adaxially. Inflorescences thyrsoid-paniculate, cymes 5-12 cm, many flowered, terminal and from uppermost stem axils; peduncles scaberulous, puberulent, or glabrescent; bracteoles lanceolate, 3-4 mm, ciliate; pedicels 1-6 mm. Ovary ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Corolla white or greenish yellow, somewhat campanulate, 4-5 mm in diam., outside glabrous, inside puberulent to scaberulous, fused base 0.8-1 mm; lobes lanceolate, 2-2.2 mm, acute to acuminate. Mericarp berry black, 5-7 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, Nov, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Forests; 800-3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
Rubia schumanniana (see H. S. Lo in FRPS 71(2): 301, t. 66, f. 1-7. 1999) belongs to R. ser. Chinenses, where it is close to R. chinensis and R. latipetala, but also to taxa of the R. mandersii group with sessile leaves. This plant is described as rarely climbing in H. S. Lo (loc. cit.: 299), but that may be due to misidentified specimens.Rubia schumanniana (see H. S. Lo in FRPS 71(2): 301, t. 66, f. 1-7. 1999) belongs to R. ser. Chinenses, where it is close to R. chinensis and R. latipetala, but also to taxa of the R. mandersii group with sessile leaves. This plant is described as rarely climbing in H. S. Lo (loc. cit.: 299), but that may be due to misidentified specimens.

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