鸡矢藤Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr.

别名：臭鸡矢藤;鸡屎藤;臭鸡屎藤;stinkvine;

科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae

属名：鸡矢藤属 Paederia

《中国植物志》第71(2)卷118页
  11．鸡矢藤（植物名实图考）牛皮冻（植物名实图考），女青（本草纲目），解暑藤（福建），鸡屎藤
  11a. 鸡矢藤 （原变种）
  var. scandens
  Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 163. 1934. et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new ser. 24 (2): 372. 1935; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 324. 1935. et 18: 249. 1937; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (4): 1023. 1936. et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56 (3): 465. 1937; 广州植物志513, 图280. 1956; 海南植物志3: 358. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 270, 图5954. 1975. ——Gentiana scandens Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 171. 1790.——Paederia foetida Thunb. in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsala 4: 32. 1783. et Fl. Jap. 106. 1784; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 162. 1861; LevI. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 376. 1915, non Linn. ——P. tomentosa Bl. var. glabra Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 47 (2): 139. 1877. ——P. chinensis Hance in Journ. Bot. 16: 228. 1878. et 17: 12. 1879.——P. esquirolii Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 10: 146. 1911. et Cat. Pl. Yunnan 247. 1917. ——P. dunniana Levl. l. c. 13: 179. 1914. ——P. tomentosa Bl. var. mairei Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 247. 1917.
  藤本，茎长3-5米，无毛或近无毛。叶对生，纸质或近革质，形状变化很大，卵形、卵状长圆形至披针形，长5-9 (15)厘米，宽1-4 (6)厘米，顶端急尖或渐尖，基部楔形或近圆或截平，有时浅心形，两面无毛或近无毛，有时下面脉腋内有束毛；侧脉每边4-6条，纤细；叶柄长1.5-7厘米；托叶长3-5毫米，无毛。圆锥花序式的聚伞花序腋生和顶生，扩展，分枝对生，末次分枝上着生的花常呈蝎尾状排列；小苞片披针形，长约2毫米；花具短梗或无；萼管陀螺形，长1-1.2毫米，萼檐裂片5，裂片三角形，长0.8-1毫米；花冠浅紫色，管长7-10毫米，外面被粉末状柔毛，里面被绒毛，顶部5裂，裂片长1-2毫米，顶端急尖而直，花药背着，花丝长短不齐。果球形，成熟时近黄色，有光泽，平滑，直径5-7毫米，顶冠以宿存的萼檐裂片和花盘；小坚果无翅，浅黑色。花期5-7月。
  产陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、浙江、福建、台湾、河南、湖南、广东、香港、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔200-2000米的山坡、林中、林缘、沟谷边灌丛中或缠绕在灌木上。分布于朝鲜、日本、印度、缅甸、泰国、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、马来西亚、印度尼西亚。
  本种叶的形状和大小变异很大。根据中草药汇编，本种主治风湿筋骨痛、跌打损伤、外伤性疼痛、肝胆及胃肠绞痛、黄疽型肝炎、肠炎、痢疾、消化不良、小儿疳积、肺结核咯血、支气管炎、放射反应引起的白细胞减少症、农药中毒；外用治皮炎、湿疹、疮疡肿毒。
形态特征：多年生缠绕藤本。基部木质，多分枝，全株均被灰色柔毛。揉碎后有恶臭。叶骊生，纸质，叶形变异很大，卵形至披针形，长5-15厘米，宽3-9厘米，先端稍渐尖，基部圆形或心形，全缘，有长柄；托叶三角形，早落。聚伞状圆锥花序顶生和腋生；花萼5短齿，三角形；花冠筒钟形，长约1厘米，外面灰白色，有细茸毛，内面紫色，5裂；雄蕊5枚，着生于花冠军筒内；子房2室外；花柱2，丝状，基部愈合。果实球形，熟时淡黄色。花期8月，果期10月。
分    布：各地均有
生    境：山地、路旁、岩石缝、田埂等地
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：祛风活血、止痛消肿、抗结核
药用主治：用于风湿痹痛、小儿疳积、痢疾、腹胀等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Paederia foetida  Linnaeus Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 189; Mant. Pl. 1: 52. 1767.
鸡矢藤   ji shi teng
Gentiana scandens Loureiro; Paederia chinensis Hance; P. dunniana H. Léveillé; P. esquirolii H. Léveillé; P. laxiflora Merrill ex H. L. Li; P. mairei H. Léveillé; P. scandens (Loureiro) Merrill; P. scandens f. mairei (H. Léveillé) Nakai; P. scandens var. mairei (H. Léveillé) H. Hara; P. scandens var. tomentosa (Blume) Handel-Mazzetti; P. tomentosa Blume; P. tomentosa var. glabra Kurz; P. tomentosa var. mairei (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; P. stenophylla Merrill.
Vines, to 5 m; stems glabrous to densely puberulent, hirtellous, or pilosulous often becoming glabrescent, drying gray to brown. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate; petiole 0.5-9 cm, glabrous to densely hirtellous or pilosulous; blade drying papery to subleathery, ovate, ovate-oblong, lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic, or elliptic, (1-)5-9(-21) × 1-4(-9) cm, adaxially glabrous to puberulent at least on principal veins, abaxially glabrous to puberulent, hirtellous, or strigillose at least on principal veins, base cuneate, rounded, truncate, or sometimes cordulate to cordate, margins flat, apex acute or acuminate; secondary veins 4-6 pairs; stipules generally persistent, triangular to ovate, 1.5-6 mm, obtuse to acute, acuminate, or rarely bifid. Inflorescences axillary and/or terminal, paniculate, thyrsiform, corymbiform, or cymose, pyramidal to rounded, 5-100 cm, branched to 2-5 orders with higher order axes dichotomous or often scorpioid, hirtellous, strigillose, or glabrous, pedunculate; bracts lanceolate to triangular, 0.8-3 mm; pedicels to 1.5 mm. Flowers sessile to pedicellate in dichotomous to scorpioid, lax to somewhat congested cymules. Calyx glabrous to densely puberulent; hypanthium portion turbinate to ellipsoid, 0.8-2 mm; limb deeply lobed; lobes triangular, 0.4-1 mm. Corolla pale purple, grayish pink, lilac, or grayish white, funnelform, outside densely mealy puberulent or mealy tomentulose; tube (5-)7-10(-17) × 2-6 mm, without slits; lobes broadly triangular to ovate, 1-2 mm, acute. Fruit globose, 4-7 × 4-7 mm, glabrescent, drying gray to yellow; pyrenes concavo-convex to plano-convex. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Jul-Dec.
Forests, forest margins, thickets in ravines and on mountain slopes; 200-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, N Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; also occasionally cultivated, and naturalized in United States (Florida) and perhaps Sri Lanka].
Paederia foetida is naturalized in a few places around the world and apparently quite weedy wherever it grows; in particular, it has been reported as an adventive and sometimes a problem weed in Florida, where it is called "skunk vine."Paederia foetida is naturalized in a few places around the world and apparently quite weedy wherever it grows; in particular, it has been reported as an adventive and sometimes a problem weed in Florida, where it is called "skunk vine."

《全国中草药汇编》:鸡矢藤

【拼音名】 Jī Shǐ Ténɡ
【别名】 鸡屎藤、牛皮冻、解暑藤、狗屁藤、臭藤、皆治藤、清风藤[福建]
【来源】 为茜草科鸡矢藤属植物鸡矢藤Paederia scandens （Lour.） Merr.，以根或全草入药。夏季采全草，秋冬采根，洗净晒干。
【性味】 甘、微苦，平。
【功能主治】 祛风利湿，消食化积，止咳，止痛。用于风湿筋骨痛，跌打损伤，外伤性疼痛，肝胆、胃肠绞痛，黄疸型肝炎，肠炎，痢疾，消化不良，小儿疳积，肺结核咯血，支气管炎，放射反应引起的白血球减少症，农药中毒；外用治皮炎，湿疹，疮疡肿毒。
【用法用量】 0.5～1两，外用适量，捣烂敷患处。
【备注】 （1）毛鸡矢藤Paederia scandens （Lour.） Merr. var. tomentosa （Blume） Hand.-Mazz.形态与前种极相似，两者功效基本相同。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》