广州蛇根草Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis Hace
广州蛇根草Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis Hace
60. 广州蛇根草（海南植物志）
Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 18: 222. 1862; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 378. 1888. excl. specim. Hupeh; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. add. ser. 10: 129. 1912; Levl. Fl. Kouytcheou 370. 1915; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 316. 1935; Ferguson in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32: 111. 1972; 海南植物志3: 310, 图738. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 207, 图5828. 1975; Lo in Bull. Bot. Res. 10 (2): 68. 1990. ——O. seguini Levl. in Fedde, Repert Sp. Nov. 13: 187. 1914. ——O. bodinieri Levl. l. c. et Fl. Kouytcheou 370. 1915. ——O. violaceoflammea Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geog. Bot. 25: 47. 1915. ——O. japonica Bl. var. leiocarpa Hand. -Mazz. in Anzeig. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math. Nat. Kl. 62: 146. 1925. ——O. yintakensis Masam. in Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 28: 117. 1938.
草本或亚灌木，高30-50厘米或更高；茎基部匐地，节上生根，上部直立，通常仅花序和嫩枝被短柔毛，枝干后稍压扁，褐色或暗褐色，有时灰褐色。叶片纸质，通常长圆状椭圆形，有时卵状长圆形或长圆状披针形，长12-16厘米，有时较小，顶端渐尖或骤然渐尖，基部楔形或渐狭，很少近圆钝，全缘，干时上面灰褐色或灰绿色，下面淡绿色或黄褐色，有时两面或下面变红色或淡红褐色，通常两面无毛或上面散生稀疏短糙毛，有时上面或两面被很密的糙硬毛；中脉上面压入呈沟状，下面压扁，侧脉每边9-12条，极少多达15条，上面明显或不很明显，下面微凸起，压扁，网状小脉通常两面均不很明显；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，压扁；托叶早落，未见。花序顶生，圆锥状或伞房状，通常极多花，疏松，总花梗长2-7厘米，和多个螺状的分枝均被极短的锈色或带红色的柔毛；花二型，花柱异长；长柱花：花梗长0.5-1.5毫米或近无梗，密被短柔毛；小苞片钻形或线形，长约2.5毫米或过之；萼被短柔毛，极少近无毛，萼管陀螺状，长1.3-1.5毫米，宽约2毫米，有5直棱，裂片5，近三角形，长0.4-0.5毫米，钝头；花冠白色或微红，干时变黄色或有时变淡红色，近管状，外面近无毛或有时被柔毛，质地稍厚，冠管长通常1-1.2厘米，偶有达1.5厘米，喉部稍扩大，里面中部有一环白色长柔毛，裂片5，近三角形，长3-4毫米或稍过之，盛开时反折，顶端内弯呈喙状，背部有阔或稍阔的翅，翅的顶部向上延伸，超出花冠裂片顶端0.3-0.4毫米，里面被鳞片状毛；雄蕊5，生冠管中部稍低，花丝短，花药披针状线形，长约2.5毫米；花盘高凸，2全裂；花柱与冠管近等长，柱头多少露出管口之外，2裂，裂片圆卵形，薄或稍粗厚，长1-1.5毫米；短柱花：花萼、花冠和花盘均同长柱花；雄蕊生花冠喉部下方，花丝长约2.5毫米，花药与花丝近等长，顶部露出管口之外；花柱长约3.5毫米，柱头裂片披针形，长约3毫米。蒴果僧帽状，长3-4毫米，宽7-9毫米，近无毛；种子很多，细小而有棱角。花期冬春，果期春夏。
我国特有，产于广东、海南、广西、云南、贵州（南部）和四川（屏山）；常生密林下沟谷边。模式标本采自广东西江流域。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Ophiorrhiza cantonensis Hance Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4,. 18: 222. 1862.
广州蛇根草 guang zhou she gen cao
Ophiorrhiza bodinieri H. Léveillé; O. japonica Blume var. leiocarpa Handel-Mazzetti; O. longzhouensis H. S. Lo; O. paniculiformis H. S. Lo; O. seguinii H. Léveillé; O. violaceoflammea H. Léveillé; O. yingtakensis Masamune.
Herbs or subshrubs, weak to erect, to 1.2 m tall, often brown to yellowish brown when dry; stems glabrous to densely puberulent or villosulous. Leaves in subequal pairs; petiole 1-4 cm, glabrous to densely puberulent or villosulous; blade drying papery to thickly papery, grayish brown or grayish green adaxially, pale green to yellowish brown abaxially, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, ovate, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate-oblong, 6-20 × 1.5-7 cm, glabrous throughout or sometimes puberulent abaxially, base obtuse to acute, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 7-15(to 18, O. paniculiformis) pairs; stipules broadly triangular, 0.8-1.5 mm, puberulent to glabrous, caducous. Inflorescences paniculiform to corymbose, several to many flowered, densely puberulent to pilosulous; peduncles 1.5-7 cm; axes helicoid; bracts linear, 1-6 mm. Flowers distylous, subsessile or pedicels to 2 mm. Calyx densely puberulent; hypanthium subglobose to turbinate, 1-1.3 mm, smooth to weakly 5-ribbed; lobes triangular, 0.4-1 mm, sometimes with 1 gland in each sinus. Corolla white to pink, often drying yellow or pale red, subtubular to tubular-funnelform, slightly swollen at base, puberulent to glabrous outside, inside villous near middle of tube and scaly pubescent above middle and onto lobes; tube 9-12(-15) mm; lobes triangular, 1.8-3(-4) mm, dorsally with wing ca. 0.3 mm wide and often prolonged near apex, apex rostrate. Capsules mitriform, 3-4 × 6-9 mm, densely puberulent to subglabrous. Fl. winter and spring, fr. spring and summer.
● Ravines and watersides in forests; 100-1700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan (Pingshan), Yunnan.
Ophiorrhiza longzhouensis was synonymized formally by Duan and Lin (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 870. 2007) with O. cantonensis; H. S. Lo’s separation of O. longzhouensis (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 79. 1990) seems to have been based on its having relatively small leaves. Duan and Lin also synonymized O. paniculiformis with O. cantonensis. In FRPS (71(1): 165-166. 1999), H. S. Lo described this species as distylous with the corollas of both forms apparently similar and the reciprocally placed anthers and stigmas positioned near the middle of the corolla tube and in its throat, respectively; Lo also described the dried color of specimens of this species as ranging to reddish or red, but those specimens here belong to the more broadly circumscribed O. succirubra.Ophiorrhiza longzhouensis was synonymized formally by Duan and Lin (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 870. 2007) with O. cantonensis; H. S. Lo’s separation of O. longzhouensis (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 79. 1990) seems to have been based on its having relatively small leaves. Duan and Lin also synonymized O. paniculiformis with O. cantonensis. In FRPS (71(1): 165-166. 1999), H. S. Lo described this species as distylous with the corollas of both forms apparently similar and the reciprocally placed anthers and stigmas positioned near the middle of the corolla tube and in its throat, respectively; Lo also described the dried color of specimens of this species as ranging to reddish or red, but those specimens here belong to the more broadly circumscribed O. succirubra.
别名：紫金连;朱砂草;蚂（虫/另）菜;广东蛇根草;大蛇根草;广洲蛇根草;筋骨草;紫金莲;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：蛇根草属 Ophiorrhiza
60. 广州蛇根草（海南植物志）
Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 18: 222. 1862; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 378. 1888. excl. specim. Hupeh; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. add. ser. 10: 129. 1912; Levl. Fl. Kouytcheou 370. 1915; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 316. 1935; Ferguson in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 32: 111. 1972; 海南植物志3: 310, 图738. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 207, 图5828. 1975; Lo in Bull. Bot. Res. 10 (2): 68. 1990. ——O. seguini Levl. in Fedde, Repert Sp. Nov. 13: 187. 1914. ——O. bodinieri Levl. l. c. et Fl. Kouytcheou 370. 1915. ——O. violaceoflammea Levl. in Bull. Acad. Geog. Bot. 25: 47. 1915. ——O. japonica Bl. var. leiocarpa Hand. -Mazz. in Anzeig. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math. Nat. Kl. 62: 146. 1925. ——O. yintakensis Masam. in Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 28: 117. 1938.
草本或亚灌木，高30-50厘米或更高；茎基部匐地，节上生根，上部直立，通常仅花序和嫩枝被短柔毛，枝干后稍压扁，褐色或暗褐色，有时灰褐色。叶片纸质，通常长圆状椭圆形，有时卵状长圆形或长圆状披针形，长12-16厘米，有时较小，顶端渐尖或骤然渐尖，基部楔形或渐狭，很少近圆钝，全缘，干时上面灰褐色或灰绿色，下面淡绿色或黄褐色，有时两面或下面变红色或淡红褐色，通常两面无毛或上面散生稀疏短糙毛，有时上面或两面被很密的糙硬毛；中脉上面压入呈沟状，下面压扁，侧脉每边9-12条，极少多达15条，上面明显或不很明显，下面微凸起，压扁，网状小脉通常两面均不很明显；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，压扁；托叶早落，未见。花序顶生，圆锥状或伞房状，通常极多花，疏松，总花梗长2-7厘米，和多个螺状的分枝均被极短的锈色或带红色的柔毛；花二型，花柱异长；长柱花：花梗长0.5-1.5毫米或近无梗，密被短柔毛；小苞片钻形或线形，长约2.5毫米或过之；萼被短柔毛，极少近无毛，萼管陀螺状，长1.3-1.5毫米，宽约2毫米，有5直棱，裂片5，近三角形，长0.4-0.5毫米，钝头；花冠白色或微红，干时变黄色或有时变淡红色，近管状，外面近无毛或有时被柔毛，质地稍厚，冠管长通常1-1.2厘米，偶有达1.5厘米，喉部稍扩大，里面中部有一环白色长柔毛，裂片5，近三角形，长3-4毫米或稍过之，盛开时反折，顶端内弯呈喙状，背部有阔或稍阔的翅，翅的顶部向上延伸，超出花冠裂片顶端0.3-0.4毫米，里面被鳞片状毛；雄蕊5，生冠管中部稍低，花丝短，花药披针状线形，长约2.5毫米；花盘高凸，2全裂；花柱与冠管近等长，柱头多少露出管口之外，2裂，裂片圆卵形，薄或稍粗厚，长1-1.5毫米；短柱花：花萼、花冠和花盘均同长柱花；雄蕊生花冠喉部下方，花丝长约2.5毫米，花药与花丝近等长，顶部露出管口之外；花柱长约3.5毫米，柱头裂片披针形，长约3毫米。蒴果僧帽状，长3-4毫米，宽7-9毫米，近无毛；种子很多，细小而有棱角。花期冬春，果期春夏。
我国特有，产于广东、海南、广西、云南、贵州（南部）和四川（屏山）；常生密林下沟谷边。模式标本采自广东西江流域。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Ophiorrhiza cantonensis Hance Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4,. 18: 222. 1862.
广州蛇根草 guang zhou she gen cao
Ophiorrhiza bodinieri H. Léveillé; O. japonica Blume var. leiocarpa Handel-Mazzetti; O. longzhouensis H. S. Lo; O. paniculiformis H. S. Lo; O. seguinii H. Léveillé; O. violaceoflammea H. Léveillé; O. yingtakensis Masamune.
Herbs or subshrubs, weak to erect, to 1.2 m tall, often brown to yellowish brown when dry; stems glabrous to densely puberulent or villosulous. Leaves in subequal pairs; petiole 1-4 cm, glabrous to densely puberulent or villosulous; blade drying papery to thickly papery, grayish brown or grayish green adaxially, pale green to yellowish brown abaxially, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, ovate, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate-oblong, 6-20 × 1.5-7 cm, glabrous throughout or sometimes puberulent abaxially, base obtuse to acute, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 7-15(to 18, O. paniculiformis) pairs; stipules broadly triangular, 0.8-1.5 mm, puberulent to glabrous, caducous. Inflorescences paniculiform to corymbose, several to many flowered, densely puberulent to pilosulous; peduncles 1.5-7 cm; axes helicoid; bracts linear, 1-6 mm. Flowers distylous, subsessile or pedicels to 2 mm. Calyx densely puberulent; hypanthium subglobose to turbinate, 1-1.3 mm, smooth to weakly 5-ribbed; lobes triangular, 0.4-1 mm, sometimes with 1 gland in each sinus. Corolla white to pink, often drying yellow or pale red, subtubular to tubular-funnelform, slightly swollen at base, puberulent to glabrous outside, inside villous near middle of tube and scaly pubescent above middle and onto lobes; tube 9-12(-15) mm; lobes triangular, 1.8-3(-4) mm, dorsally with wing ca. 0.3 mm wide and often prolonged near apex, apex rostrate. Capsules mitriform, 3-4 × 6-9 mm, densely puberulent to subglabrous. Fl. winter and spring, fr. spring and summer.
● Ravines and watersides in forests; 100-1700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan (Pingshan), Yunnan.
Ophiorrhiza longzhouensis was synonymized formally by Duan and Lin (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 870. 2007) with O. cantonensis; H. S. Lo’s separation of O. longzhouensis (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 79. 1990) seems to have been based on its having relatively small leaves. Duan and Lin also synonymized O. paniculiformis with O. cantonensis. In FRPS (71(1): 165-166. 1999), H. S. Lo described this species as distylous with the corollas of both forms apparently similar and the reciprocally placed anthers and stigmas positioned near the middle of the corolla tube and in its throat, respectively; Lo also described the dried color of specimens of this species as ranging to reddish or red, but those specimens here belong to the more broadly circumscribed O. succirubra.Ophiorrhiza longzhouensis was synonymized formally by Duan and Lin (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 870. 2007) with O. cantonensis; H. S. Lo’s separation of O. longzhouensis (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 79. 1990) seems to have been based on its having relatively small leaves. Duan and Lin also synonymized O. paniculiformis with O. cantonensis. In FRPS (71(1): 165-166. 1999), H. S. Lo described this species as distylous with the corollas of both forms apparently similar and the reciprocally placed anthers and stigmas positioned near the middle of the corolla tube and in its throat, respectively; Lo also described the dried color of specimens of this species as ranging to reddish or red, but those specimens here belong to the more broadly circumscribed O. succirubra.