石丁香Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) S. S. R. Bennet
石丁香Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) S. S. R. Bennet
1. 石丁香（中国高等植物图鉴）藏丁香（植物名实图考）、石老虎、石参 图版57：1-3
Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) S. S. R. Bennet in Indian For. 107 (7): 436. 1981. ——Hymenopogon parasiticus Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 157. 1824; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 34. 1880; Hutchins. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 3: 407. 1916; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (4): 1017. 1936; How in Sunyatsenia 7 (1-2): 26. 1948; Yamazaki in Fl. E. Himal. 310. 1966; Hara et Gould in Hara et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 203. 1979; 西藏植物志4: 427, 图184: 6-13. 1985. ——H. parasiticus Wall. var. longiflorus How ex W. C. Chen in Guihaia 7(4): 297. 1987, syn. nov.
附生多枝小灌木，高0.3-2米；枝常弯曲，常生根，嫩枝有紧贴的柔毛。叶纸质或膜质，常生于短缩的枝顶，椭圆状披针形、倒披针形或倒卵形，长5-25厘米，宽1.5-11厘米，顶端钝或短尖，稀渐尖，基部渐狭，全缘，有时有缘毛，干时常呈灰黑色，上面有紧贴的短柔毛，有时近无毛，下面在中脉、侧脉和较大的网脉上密被紧贴的柔毛；中脉宽，在上面平坦，在下面稍凸起，侧脉多而密，15-28对，弧形上升，在上面稍明显，在下面凸起；叶柄长0.4-2厘米，有紧贴的柔毛；托叶宽卵形或近圆形，顶端骤尖或钝，长8-12毫米。花序大，顶生，疏散，长达18厘米，宽达24厘米，三歧分枝，花序轴和分枝有黄褐色绒毛，有数枚白色、具长柄的大型叶状苞片；叶状苞片长圆形，长3-10厘米，宽1.5-3.3厘米，柄长2.5-4厘米，均有柔毛；花梗长0.8-1.2厘米，有毛；花萼被柔毛，萼管长约3毫米，萼裂片披针形，长6-10毫米，结果时反折；花冠白色，长2.5-7厘米，高脚碟状，外面被紧贴的皱卷长柔毛，冠管管状，裂片椭圆形，长0.5-1厘米；雄蕊内藏；柱头2裂。蒴果长圆形，顶端截平，冠以宿存的萼裂片，基部渐狭，长1.5-3厘米，宽0.6-1厘米，绿褐色，被柔毛，有纵棱，室间开裂为2果爿，果柄长0.5-1厘米，有毛；种子多数，叠生，种皮向两端延伸成尾状。花期6-8月，果期9-12月。
产于云南、西藏聂拉木、樟木；生于海拔1 250-2 700米处的山谷林中或灌丛中，常附生在树上或岩石上。国外分布于印度北部、尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、缅甸、泰国、越南。
据《西藏植物志》载：全草入药，治营养不良性水肿、跌打损伤、湿疹、肾虚、腰痛。
因我国的本种植物，花冠一般长5-7厘米（原描述是2.5-4厘米），故曾成立为变种。经检查，编者认为花冠的长度是按不同的发育时期和生态环境有变化的，不能作为固定的区别特征，故予以归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wallich) Bennet Indian Forester. 107: 436. 1981.
石丁香 shi ding xiang
Hymenopogon parasiticus Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 157. 1824; H. parasiticus var. longiflorus F. C. How ex W. C. Chen.
Small shrubs, 0.3-2 m tall; branches stout, villosulous to hirtellous sometimes becoming glabrescent with age. Leaves sometimes grouped at apex of shortened branches; petiole 0.4-2 cm, villosulous to hirsutulous; blade drying papery or membranous, often grayish black, elliptic-obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, 5-25 × 1.5-11 cm, adaxially puberulent to hirtellous, strigillose, or glabrescent, abaxially strigillose to pilosulous at least on principal veins, base obtuse to acute, apex obtuse, acute, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 15-28 pairs; stipules ovate to suborbicular, 6-12 mm, strigillose to glabrous, cuspidate or obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences tomentulose to villosulous or villous, sessile and 3- or 5-partite, 4-18 × 4-24 cm (including petaloid bracts); bracts stipuliform, ovate, 5-15 mm, acuminate to 2-lobed, petaloid bracts white to cream, with blade portion drying papery to stiffly papery, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, 3-10 × 1.5-3.3 cm, strigillose to pilosulous or glabrescent, obtuse to acute, with stipe 2.5-4 cm; pedicels 0.8-1.2 cm. Calyx densely villosulous to tomentulose; ovary portion obconic, ca. 3 mm; limb deeply lobed, strigillose to glabrous; lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 6-10 mm, acute. Corolla white [to pale green in Thailand], outside crisped villosulous to strigillose or strigose; tube 25-60 mm; lobes ovate-oblong to ovate, 5-10 mm, acute to obtuse. Capsules ellipsoid-oblong to ellipsoid, smooth or longitudinally weakly ridged, 1.5-3 × 0.6-1 cm, villosulous to pilosulous or strigillose; seeds 5-6 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec.
On trees or rocks in thickets or forests in valleys; 1200-2700 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
Hymenopogon parasiticus var. longiflorus was originally dis-tinguished by its corolla length (5-7 cm vs. 2.5-4 cm in var. parasiticus). W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 233. 1999) synonymized these with some commentary.Hymenopogon parasiticus var. longiflorus was originally dis-tinguished by its corolla length (5-7 cm vs. 2.5-4 cm in var. parasiticus). W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 233. 1999) synonymized these with some commentary.
别名：石参;石老虎;藏丁香;网须木;大花藏丁香;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：石丁香属 Neohymenopogon
1. 石丁香（中国高等植物图鉴）藏丁香（植物名实图考）、石老虎、石参 图版57：1-3
Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) S. S. R. Bennet in Indian For. 107 (7): 436. 1981. ——Hymenopogon parasiticus Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 157. 1824; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 34. 1880; Hutchins. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 3: 407. 1916; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (4): 1017. 1936; How in Sunyatsenia 7 (1-2): 26. 1948; Yamazaki in Fl. E. Himal. 310. 1966; Hara et Gould in Hara et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: 203. 1979; 西藏植物志4: 427, 图184: 6-13. 1985. ——H. parasiticus Wall. var. longiflorus How ex W. C. Chen in Guihaia 7(4): 297. 1987, syn. nov.
附生多枝小灌木，高0.3-2米；枝常弯曲，常生根，嫩枝有紧贴的柔毛。叶纸质或膜质，常生于短缩的枝顶，椭圆状披针形、倒披针形或倒卵形，长5-25厘米，宽1.5-11厘米，顶端钝或短尖，稀渐尖，基部渐狭，全缘，有时有缘毛，干时常呈灰黑色，上面有紧贴的短柔毛，有时近无毛，下面在中脉、侧脉和较大的网脉上密被紧贴的柔毛；中脉宽，在上面平坦，在下面稍凸起，侧脉多而密，15-28对，弧形上升，在上面稍明显，在下面凸起；叶柄长0.4-2厘米，有紧贴的柔毛；托叶宽卵形或近圆形，顶端骤尖或钝，长8-12毫米。花序大，顶生，疏散，长达18厘米，宽达24厘米，三歧分枝，花序轴和分枝有黄褐色绒毛，有数枚白色、具长柄的大型叶状苞片；叶状苞片长圆形，长3-10厘米，宽1.5-3.3厘米，柄长2.5-4厘米，均有柔毛；花梗长0.8-1.2厘米，有毛；花萼被柔毛，萼管长约3毫米，萼裂片披针形，长6-10毫米，结果时反折；花冠白色，长2.5-7厘米，高脚碟状，外面被紧贴的皱卷长柔毛，冠管管状，裂片椭圆形，长0.5-1厘米；雄蕊内藏；柱头2裂。蒴果长圆形，顶端截平，冠以宿存的萼裂片，基部渐狭，长1.5-3厘米，宽0.6-1厘米，绿褐色，被柔毛，有纵棱，室间开裂为2果爿，果柄长0.5-1厘米，有毛；种子多数，叠生，种皮向两端延伸成尾状。花期6-8月，果期9-12月。
产于云南、西藏聂拉木、樟木；生于海拔1 250-2 700米处的山谷林中或灌丛中，常附生在树上或岩石上。国外分布于印度北部、尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、缅甸、泰国、越南。
据《西藏植物志》载：全草入药，治营养不良性水肿、跌打损伤、湿疹、肾虚、腰痛。
因我国的本种植物，花冠一般长5-7厘米（原描述是2.5-4厘米），故曾成立为变种。经检查，编者认为花冠的长度是按不同的发育时期和生态环境有变化的，不能作为固定的区别特征，故予以归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wallich) Bennet Indian Forester. 107: 436. 1981.
石丁香 shi ding xiang
Hymenopogon parasiticus Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 157. 1824; H. parasiticus var. longiflorus F. C. How ex W. C. Chen.
Small shrubs, 0.3-2 m tall; branches stout, villosulous to hirtellous sometimes becoming glabrescent with age. Leaves sometimes grouped at apex of shortened branches; petiole 0.4-2 cm, villosulous to hirsutulous; blade drying papery or membranous, often grayish black, elliptic-obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, 5-25 × 1.5-11 cm, adaxially puberulent to hirtellous, strigillose, or glabrescent, abaxially strigillose to pilosulous at least on principal veins, base obtuse to acute, apex obtuse, acute, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 15-28 pairs; stipules ovate to suborbicular, 6-12 mm, strigillose to glabrous, cuspidate or obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences tomentulose to villosulous or villous, sessile and 3- or 5-partite, 4-18 × 4-24 cm (including petaloid bracts); bracts stipuliform, ovate, 5-15 mm, acuminate to 2-lobed, petaloid bracts white to cream, with blade portion drying papery to stiffly papery, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, 3-10 × 1.5-3.3 cm, strigillose to pilosulous or glabrescent, obtuse to acute, with stipe 2.5-4 cm; pedicels 0.8-1.2 cm. Calyx densely villosulous to tomentulose; ovary portion obconic, ca. 3 mm; limb deeply lobed, strigillose to glabrous; lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 6-10 mm, acute. Corolla white [to pale green in Thailand], outside crisped villosulous to strigillose or strigose; tube 25-60 mm; lobes ovate-oblong to ovate, 5-10 mm, acute to obtuse. Capsules ellipsoid-oblong to ellipsoid, smooth or longitudinally weakly ridged, 1.5-3 × 0.6-1 cm, villosulous to pilosulous or strigillose; seeds 5-6 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec.
On trees or rocks in thickets or forests in valleys; 1200-2700 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
Hymenopogon parasiticus var. longiflorus was originally dis-tinguished by its corolla length (5-7 cm vs. 2.5-4 cm in var. parasiticus). W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 233. 1999) synonymized these with some commentary.Hymenopogon parasiticus var. longiflorus was originally dis-tinguished by its corolla length (5-7 cm vs. 2.5-4 cm in var. parasiticus). W. C. Chen (in FRPS 71(1): 233. 1999) synonymized these with some commentary.