乌檀Nauclea officinalis (Pirre ex Pitard) Merr.

别名：细叶黄棵木;黄杨木;细叶黄梁木;山熊胆;山荔枝;药乌檀;熊胆树;胆木;黄羊木;

科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae

属名：乌檀属 Nauclea

《中国植物志》第71(1)卷260页
  1. 乌檀（海南植物志）胆木 图版66
  Nauclea officinalis (Pierre ex Pitard) Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 188. 1940; How in Sunyatsenia 6: 234. 1946; 海南植物志3: 287, 图726. 1974; Ridsd. in Blumea 24 (2): 328. 178.——Sarcocephalus officinalis Pierre ex Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 26. 1922.
  乔木，高4-12米；小枝纤细，光滑；顶芽倒卵形。叶纸质，椭圆形，稀倒卵形，长7-9厘米，宽3.5-5厘米，顶端渐尖，略钝头，基部楔形，干时上面深褐色，下面浅褐色；侧脉5-7对，纤细，近叶缘处连结，两面微隆凸；叶柄长10-15毫米；托叶早落，倒卵形，长6-10毫米，顶端圆。头状花序单个顶生；总花梗长1-3厘米，中部以下的苞片早落。果序中的小果融合，成熟时黄褐色，直径9-15毫米，表面粗糙；种子长1毫米，椭圆形，一面平坦，一面拱凸，种皮黑色有光泽，有小窝孔。花期夏季。
  产于广东、广西和海南中等海拔地区的森林中。国外分布于越南、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、马来西亚以及印度尼西亚。
  木材橙黄色，有苦味，为良好建筑用材。茎含黄酮甙、酚类，入药能消热解毒，消肿止痛，治急性扁桃体炎、咽喉炎及乳腺炎等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Nauclea officinalis  (Pierre ex Pitard) Merrill & Chun Sunyatsenia. 5: 188. 1940.
乌檀   wu tan
Sarcocephalus officinalis Pierre ex Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 26. 1922.
Trees, apparently evergreen, to 12 m tall; branchlets angled and rather flattened becoming terete, puberulent to glabrescent. Petiole 10-15[-20] mm; leaf blade drying papery, elliptic to broadly elliptic or infrequently ovate or obovate, 7-11[-15] × 3.5-7[-10] cm, glabrous, adaxially dark brown and matte to shiny, abaxially pale brown and matte, base cuneate to obtuse, apex shortly acuminate with tip slightly blunt; secondary veins 5-7 pairs, usually with tiny foveolate domatia in abaxial axils; stipules caducous, obovate to elliptic, 6-10 mm, glabrous, smooth, rounded. Inflorescences terminal, puberulent to glabrous; peduncles 1-3.5[-4.5] cm, in lower part articulate, bearing caducous bracts 2-4 mm; flowering heads 1-3, 5-6 mm in diam. across calyces, ca. 15 mm in diam. across corollas. Calyx limb deeply lobed; lobes 5, oblanceolate to spatulate, ca. 1 mm, glabrescent, fleshy, rounded to subtruncate. Corolla color unknown, narrowly funnelform, glabrous outside and apparently inside; tube 3-4 mm; lobes 5, ligulate to elliptic, 1-1.5 mm, obtuse to rounded. Stigmas 1.5-2 mm, exserted for ca. 3 mm. Fruiting heads (i.e., multiple fruit) yellow, 9-15 mm in diam., fleshy, with surface rough (i.e., pitted with calyx limb scars); seeds ca. 1 mm, with testa shiny black, foveolate. Fl. summer, fr. Jul, Sep.
Forests at middle elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Borneo, Cambodia, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, ?Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].