大果巴戟Morinda cochinchinensis DC.
大果巴戟Morinda cochinchinensis DC.
9. 大果巴戟（中国高等植物图鉴）酒饼藤、黄心藤（海南），大果巴戟天（海南植物志）
Morinda cochinchinensis DC. Prodr. 4: 449. 1830; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 420. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 6: 332. 1928. et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new ser. 24 (2): 373. 1935; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 80. 1930; 海南植物志3: 331. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 242, 图5898. 1975. ——M. villosa auct. non Hook. f.: Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 386. 1888. pro parte——M. trichophylla Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 23: 267. 1923. et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 178. 1927.
木质藤本；幼枝圆或略呈4棱柱形，密被锈黄色长柔毛。叶对生，纸质，椭圆形、长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长8-14厘米，具长约5毫米的柄，上面疏被糙硬伏毛，脉处较密，下面和叶柄密被锈色柔毛，脉处较甚，基部圆或有时略呈心形，顶端尾状渐尖或短渐尖；侧脉每边7-10条，上面明显，下面凸起；托叶管状，膜质，外面被短柔毛，顶截平，每侧具2硬尖。顶生头状花序3-18排列成伞形；花序梗长1-3厘米，密被锈色短柔毛，基部具多数丝状总苞片；头状花序具花5-15朵；每花通常具1-2片钻形或丝状苞片，无花梗；花萼下部一侧与邻近花萼合生或贴生，上部环状，分离，长约2毫米，顶部具裂片4-5，裂片近钻形，长1-2毫米，大小不等，外反，蕾时不明显，外面具短柔毛，宿存；花冠白色，长约7毫米，冠管短，长约2毫米，无毛，檐部4-5裂，裂片长圆形至披针形，长4-5.5毫米，自基部至中部密具长髯毛，顶部内折成喙状，外面具粉状微柔毛；雄蕊4-5，着生花冠裂片侧基部，外伸，花丝长约1-1.5毫米，花药长圆状线形，与花丝等长，自背中部至基部着生，内向，二室；花柱内藏，长约2毫米，自下而上渐扩大，顶部二浅裂或二深裂至中部，子房4室，每室具1胚珠；胚珠扁，着生子房室内侧基部，2粒半圆形或近正圆形，横生，另2粒长圆形，斜升或下垂。聚花核果由(1-)2-8个核果组成，近球形或长圆球形或不规则形，直径1-2厘米，外面被柔毛，熟时由橙黄色变桔红色；果柄长2.5-4厘米，被锈毛；核果具4分核；分核三棱形，具种子1；种子角质，胚直，具胚乳。花期5-7月，果期7-11月。
产广东中部、香港、海南、广西东南部。生于海拔1200米以下的山坡、山谷、溪旁和路边的林下或灌丛中。分布于越南。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Morinda cochinchinensis Candolle Prodr. 4: 449. 1830.
大果巴戟 da guo ba ji
Morinda trichophylla Merrill.
Lianas; branches at base with persistent leafless stipules, when young densely ferruginous- or yellow villosulous, terete to weakly quadrangular. Leaves opposite; petiole 3-10 mm, densely villosulous; blade drying papery, yellowed, matte to shiny adaxially, matte abaxially, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblanceolate, 5.5-14 × 2-6 cm, adaxially sparsely strigose to strigillose, abaxially densely ferruginous- or yellow hirtellous to villosulous with pubescence denser along veins, base rounded to truncate, subcordate, or cordulate, apex caudate-acuminate or shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 pairs, with pilosulous domatia; stipules fused into a tube or spathe, 5-9 mm, densely hispidulous to hispid, broadly triangular to truncate, on each side with 2 bristles 1-4 mm, usually quickly deciduous. Inflorescence terminal; peduncles 3-12, fascicled or umbellate, 1-3 cm, densely ferruginous- or yellow hirtellous, as a group subtended by 2 to several bracts 1-3 mm, 2- to several lobed; heads 1 per peduncle, subglobose, 5-6 mm in diam., 5-15-flowered; bracteoles linear, 0.2-1 mm. Flowers with hypanthia partially fused, biology not noted. Calyx with hypanthium portion densely strigose to strigillose; limb 1-2.5 mm, puberulent to strigillose, lobed for ca. half, lobes 4 or 5, narrowly triangular, 1-2 mm, sometimes unequal on an individual flower, often reflexed. Corolla white, rotate to salverform, outside hirtellous, pilosulous, or glabrescent, inside densely villous throughout tube and onto lobes; tube 1.5-2 mm; lobes 4 or 5, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm, apically thickened and rostrate. Drupecetum subglobose, oblong-globose, or irregular, 1-2 cm in diam., with peduncles elongating to 4 cm. Drupes mostly fused, orange-yellow to orange-red, subglobose, 4-6 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Nov.
Forests or thickets on mountain slopes, in valleys, or at streamsides or roadsides; 100-1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
The names Morinda umbellata and M. villosa were synonymized with M. cochinchinensis by Merrill and Chun (Sunyatsenia 1(1): 80-81. 1930) but were separated by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 187, 190. 1999) as provisionally treated here.The names Morinda umbellata and M. villosa were synonymized with M. cochinchinensis by Merrill and Chun (Sunyatsenia 1(1): 80-81. 1930) but were separated by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 187, 190. 1999) as provisionally treated here.
【拼音名】 Dà Guǒ Bā Jǐ
【别名】 扣灯、防己、越南鸡眼藤、白鸡屎藤
【来源】 药材基源：为茜草科植物大果巴戟天的根。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Morinda cochinchinensis DC.
采收和储藏：秋季挖根，洗净，晒干。
【原形态】 大果巴戟天，攀援大灌木，被于后变淡黄色、广展的长柔毛。叶对生；叶柄极短；托叶膜质，长6-10mm，有时具刚毛状附属体2-3条；叶椭圆形或长圆形，长7-12cm，宽3-5(-6.5)cm，先端短渐尖，基部圆或浅心形、上面被疏粗毛，下面密被长柔毛，纸质。花序顶生，伞形花序式排列，由4-10个小头状花序组成，头状花序直径6-8mm，有花10-20朵；总花梗长1-3cm，被毛；萼筒近半球形，长约2mm，先端4-5裂，裂片线形或三角形，长短不等，外弯；花冠高脚碟形，长4-5mm，裂片4-5，长圆形，长2-3mm；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数。聚合果近球形，直径1-1.5cm，先端平压，熟时红色。花期5月。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于中海拔沟谷潮湿地。
资源分布：分布于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
【性味】 辛；微苦；凉
【功能主治】 祛风除湿；宣肺止咳。主风湿痹痛；感冒；支气管炎；上呼吸道感染
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，10-15g。
【摘录】 《中华本草》
别名：毛鸡眼藤;柔毛鸡眼藤;酒藤;三角藤;黄心藤;大果巴戟天;酒瓶藤;酒饼藤;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：巴戟天属 Morinda
9. 大果巴戟（中国高等植物图鉴）酒饼藤、黄心藤（海南），大果巴戟天（海南植物志）
Morinda cochinchinensis DC. Prodr. 4: 449. 1830; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 420. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 6: 332. 1928. et in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. new ser. 24 (2): 373. 1935; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 80. 1930; 海南植物志3: 331. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 242, 图5898. 1975. ——M. villosa auct. non Hook. f.: Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 386. 1888. pro parte——M. trichophylla Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 23: 267. 1923. et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 178. 1927.
木质藤本；幼枝圆或略呈4棱柱形，密被锈黄色长柔毛。叶对生，纸质，椭圆形、长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长8-14厘米，具长约5毫米的柄，上面疏被糙硬伏毛，脉处较密，下面和叶柄密被锈色柔毛，脉处较甚，基部圆或有时略呈心形，顶端尾状渐尖或短渐尖；侧脉每边7-10条，上面明显，下面凸起；托叶管状，膜质，外面被短柔毛，顶截平，每侧具2硬尖。顶生头状花序3-18排列成伞形；花序梗长1-3厘米，密被锈色短柔毛，基部具多数丝状总苞片；头状花序具花5-15朵；每花通常具1-2片钻形或丝状苞片，无花梗；花萼下部一侧与邻近花萼合生或贴生，上部环状，分离，长约2毫米，顶部具裂片4-5，裂片近钻形，长1-2毫米，大小不等，外反，蕾时不明显，外面具短柔毛，宿存；花冠白色，长约7毫米，冠管短，长约2毫米，无毛，檐部4-5裂，裂片长圆形至披针形，长4-5.5毫米，自基部至中部密具长髯毛，顶部内折成喙状，外面具粉状微柔毛；雄蕊4-5，着生花冠裂片侧基部，外伸，花丝长约1-1.5毫米，花药长圆状线形，与花丝等长，自背中部至基部着生，内向，二室；花柱内藏，长约2毫米，自下而上渐扩大，顶部二浅裂或二深裂至中部，子房4室，每室具1胚珠；胚珠扁，着生子房室内侧基部，2粒半圆形或近正圆形，横生，另2粒长圆形，斜升或下垂。聚花核果由(1-)2-8个核果组成，近球形或长圆球形或不规则形，直径1-2厘米，外面被柔毛，熟时由橙黄色变桔红色；果柄长2.5-4厘米，被锈毛；核果具4分核；分核三棱形，具种子1；种子角质，胚直，具胚乳。花期5-7月，果期7-11月。
产广东中部、香港、海南、广西东南部。生于海拔1200米以下的山坡、山谷、溪旁和路边的林下或灌丛中。分布于越南。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Morinda cochinchinensis Candolle Prodr. 4: 449. 1830.
大果巴戟 da guo ba ji
Morinda trichophylla Merrill.
Lianas; branches at base with persistent leafless stipules, when young densely ferruginous- or yellow villosulous, terete to weakly quadrangular. Leaves opposite; petiole 3-10 mm, densely villosulous; blade drying papery, yellowed, matte to shiny adaxially, matte abaxially, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblanceolate, 5.5-14 × 2-6 cm, adaxially sparsely strigose to strigillose, abaxially densely ferruginous- or yellow hirtellous to villosulous with pubescence denser along veins, base rounded to truncate, subcordate, or cordulate, apex caudate-acuminate or shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 pairs, with pilosulous domatia; stipules fused into a tube or spathe, 5-9 mm, densely hispidulous to hispid, broadly triangular to truncate, on each side with 2 bristles 1-4 mm, usually quickly deciduous. Inflorescence terminal; peduncles 3-12, fascicled or umbellate, 1-3 cm, densely ferruginous- or yellow hirtellous, as a group subtended by 2 to several bracts 1-3 mm, 2- to several lobed; heads 1 per peduncle, subglobose, 5-6 mm in diam., 5-15-flowered; bracteoles linear, 0.2-1 mm. Flowers with hypanthia partially fused, biology not noted. Calyx with hypanthium portion densely strigose to strigillose; limb 1-2.5 mm, puberulent to strigillose, lobed for ca. half, lobes 4 or 5, narrowly triangular, 1-2 mm, sometimes unequal on an individual flower, often reflexed. Corolla white, rotate to salverform, outside hirtellous, pilosulous, or glabrescent, inside densely villous throughout tube and onto lobes; tube 1.5-2 mm; lobes 4 or 5, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm, apically thickened and rostrate. Drupecetum subglobose, oblong-globose, or irregular, 1-2 cm in diam., with peduncles elongating to 4 cm. Drupes mostly fused, orange-yellow to orange-red, subglobose, 4-6 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Nov.
Forests or thickets on mountain slopes, in valleys, or at streamsides or roadsides; 100-1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].
The names Morinda umbellata and M. villosa were synonymized with M. cochinchinensis by Merrill and Chun (Sunyatsenia 1(1): 80-81. 1930) but were separated by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 187, 190. 1999) as provisionally treated here.The names Morinda umbellata and M. villosa were synonymized with M. cochinchinensis by Merrill and Chun (Sunyatsenia 1(1): 80-81. 1930) but were separated by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 187, 190. 1999) as provisionally treated here.
【拼音名】 Dà Guǒ Bā Jǐ
【别名】 扣灯、防己、越南鸡眼藤、白鸡屎藤
【来源】 药材基源：为茜草科植物大果巴戟天的根。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Morinda cochinchinensis DC.
采收和储藏：秋季挖根，洗净，晒干。
【原形态】 大果巴戟天，攀援大灌木，被于后变淡黄色、广展的长柔毛。叶对生；叶柄极短；托叶膜质，长6-10mm，有时具刚毛状附属体2-3条；叶椭圆形或长圆形，长7-12cm，宽3-5(-6.5)cm，先端短渐尖，基部圆或浅心形、上面被疏粗毛，下面密被长柔毛，纸质。花序顶生，伞形花序式排列，由4-10个小头状花序组成，头状花序直径6-8mm，有花10-20朵；总花梗长1-3cm，被毛；萼筒近半球形，长约2mm，先端4-5裂，裂片线形或三角形，长短不等，外弯；花冠高脚碟形，长4-5mm，裂片4-5，长圆形，长2-3mm；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数。聚合果近球形，直径1-1.5cm，先端平压，熟时红色。花期5月。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于中海拔沟谷潮湿地。
资源分布：分布于广东、海南、广西、云南等地。
【性味】 辛；微苦；凉
【功能主治】 祛风除湿；宣肺止咳。主风湿痹痛；感冒；支气管炎；上呼吸道感染
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，10-15g。
【摘录】 《中华本草》