海滨木巴戟Morinda citrifolia Linn.
海滨木巴戟Morinda citrifolia Linn.
1．海滨木巴戟（新拟）海巴戟天（海南植物志），海巴戟（中国高等植物图鉴），橘叶巴戟（全国中草药汇编），檄树（台湾）图版46: 1-3
Morinda citrifolia L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: 140. 1790; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1, 541. 1824; DC. Prodr. 4: 446. 1830; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 60. 1877; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 155. 1880; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 386. 1886-88; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: 96. 1912; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 187. 1940; H. T. Chang in Sunyatsenia 7 (1-2): 83. 1948; 海南植物志3: 330. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 242, 图5897. 1975; 台湾植物志4: 307. 1978; C. E. Chang in Journ. phytogeography Taxon. 29 (1): 19. 1981. ——M. bracteata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15, nom. nud.; Fl. Roxb. Ind. ed. 1, 544, 1824.
灌木至小乔木, 高1-5米; 茎直, 枝近四棱柱形。叶交互对生, 长圆形、椭圆形或卵圆形，长12-25厘米，两端渐尖或急尖，通常具光泽，无毛，全缘；叶脉两面凸起，中脉上面中央具一凹槽，侧脉每侧6(-5或7)条，下面脉腋密被短束毛；叶柄长5-20毫米；托叶生叶柄间，每侧1枚，宽，上部扩大呈半圆形，全缘，无毛。头状花序每隔一节一个，与叶对生，具长约1-1.5厘米的花序梗；花多数，无梗；萼管彼此间多少粘合，萼檐近截平；花冠白色，漏斗形，长约1.5厘米，喉部密被长柔毛，顶部5裂，裂片卵状披针形，长约6毫米；雄蕊5，罕4或6，着生花冠喉部，花丝长约3毫米，花药内向，上半部露出冠口，线形，背面中部着生，长约3毫米，二室，纵裂；花柱约与冠管等长，由下向上稍扩大，顶二裂，裂片线形，略叉开，子房4室，有时有1-2室不育，每室具胚珠1颗，胚珠略扁，其形状随着生部位不同而各异，通常圆形，长圆形或椭圆形，或其他形，横生，下垂或不下垂。果柄长约2厘米；聚花核果浆果状，卵形，幼时绿色，熟时白色约如初生鸡蛋大，径约2.5厘米，每核果具分核4(-2或3)，分核倒卵形，稍内弯，坚纸质，具二室，上侧室大而空，下侧室狭，具1种子；种子小，扁，长圆形，下部有翅；胚直，胚根下位，子叶长圆形；胚乳丰富，质脆。花果期全年。
产台湾、海南岛及西沙群岛等地。生于海滨平地或疏林下。分布自印度和斯里兰卡，经中南半岛，南至澳大利亚北部，东至波利尼西亚等广大地区及其海岛。
果实可吃，树干通直，树冠幽雅，在东南亚常种于庭园。根、茎可提取橙黄色染料。皮含袖木醒二酚(Soranjidiol)、巴戟醌 (Morindone)，印度尼西亚民间作药用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Morinda citrifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 176. 1753.
海滨木巴戟 hai bin mu ba ji
Morinda bracteata Roxburgh.
Evergreen shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall, often fleshy; branches subquadrangular, glabrous. Leaves opposite or solitary opposite an inflorescence; petiole 5-20 mm, glabrous; blade fleshy, drying papery, elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 10-25 × 5-13 cm, glabrous and shiny on both surfaces, base acute or acuminate, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 5-7 pairs, with pubescent domatia; stipules interpetiolar, free or shortly fused to petioles, broadly triangular to ovate, 4-16 mm, obtuse or rounded. Inflorescence solitary and leaf-opposed; peduncle 1-1.5 cm; head 1, oblong to subglobose, 5-10 mm in diam., many flowered; bracts absent. Flowers with hypanthia partially fused, distylous. Calyx glabrous or puberulent; limb subtruncate to truncate, 0.2-0.5 mm, sometimes in 1 to numerous flowers of a head with 1(-3) calycophylls, these white, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-16 mm, obtuse to acute. Corolla white, funnelform, outside glabrous; tube ca. 15 mm, densely villous in throat; lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm. Drupecetum white, irregularly ovoid to subglobose, 2.5-5 cm. Drupes not distinguishable individually. Fl. and fr. year-round.
Flat land on seashores, sparse forests; below 100 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [?Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Bonin and Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Solomon Islands; introduced in tropical America and Pacific islands].
The distinctive form called Morinda bracteata has well-developed white calycophylls that give the plants a markedly different appearance and may function in pollination, but these two forms have generally been considered conspecific. Nelson and Elevitch (Noni, 42-43. 2006) noted that plants with bracteate inflorescences produce smaller fruit and that the cultivated plants with variegated leaves are called M. citrifolia ‘Potteri.’ Both of these forms are found in Taiwan (e.g., Yang & Chuang 11410, MO, "citifolia" form; Yang & Chuang 12060, MO, "bracteata" form). The fruit of this species are edible (though not particularly palatable) and said to have medicinal and/or tonic value; they are sold by natural food vendors under the name "noni" or "nona." This species is increasingly widely cultivated, as detailed by Nelson and Elevitch (loc. cit.).The distinctive form called Morinda bracteata has well-developed white calycophylls that give the plants a markedly different appearance and may function in pollination, but these two forms have generally been considered conspecific. Nelson and Elevitch (Noni, 42-43. 2006) noted that plants with bracteate inflorescences produce smaller fruit and that the cultivated plants with variegated leaves are called M. citrifolia ‘Potteri.’ Both of these forms are found in Taiwan (e.g., Yang & Chuang 11410, MO, "citifolia" form; Yang & Chuang 12060, MO, "bracteata" form). The fruit of this species are edible (though not particularly palatable) and said to have medicinal and/or tonic value; they are sold by natural food vendors under the name "noni" or "nona." This species is increasingly widely cultivated, as detailed by Nelson and Elevitch (loc. cit.).
别名：海巴戟;水冬瓜;诺尼;诺丽果;桔叶巴戟天;椿根;檄书;檄树;海巴戟天;橘叶巴戟;Indian mulberry;
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：巴戟天属 Morinda
1．海滨木巴戟（新拟）海巴戟天（海南植物志），海巴戟（中国高等植物图鉴），橘叶巴戟（全国中草药汇编），檄树（台湾）图版46: 1-3
Morinda citrifolia L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: 140. 1790; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1, 541. 1824; DC. Prodr. 4: 446. 1830; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 60. 1877; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 155. 1880; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 386. 1886-88; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: 96. 1912; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 187. 1940; H. T. Chang in Sunyatsenia 7 (1-2): 83. 1948; 海南植物志3: 330. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 242, 图5897. 1975; 台湾植物志4: 307. 1978; C. E. Chang in Journ. phytogeography Taxon. 29 (1): 19. 1981. ——M. bracteata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15, nom. nud.; Fl. Roxb. Ind. ed. 1, 544, 1824.
灌木至小乔木, 高1-5米; 茎直, 枝近四棱柱形。叶交互对生, 长圆形、椭圆形或卵圆形，长12-25厘米，两端渐尖或急尖，通常具光泽，无毛，全缘；叶脉两面凸起，中脉上面中央具一凹槽，侧脉每侧6(-5或7)条，下面脉腋密被短束毛；叶柄长5-20毫米；托叶生叶柄间，每侧1枚，宽，上部扩大呈半圆形，全缘，无毛。头状花序每隔一节一个，与叶对生，具长约1-1.5厘米的花序梗；花多数，无梗；萼管彼此间多少粘合，萼檐近截平；花冠白色，漏斗形，长约1.5厘米，喉部密被长柔毛，顶部5裂，裂片卵状披针形，长约6毫米；雄蕊5，罕4或6，着生花冠喉部，花丝长约3毫米，花药内向，上半部露出冠口，线形，背面中部着生，长约3毫米，二室，纵裂；花柱约与冠管等长，由下向上稍扩大，顶二裂，裂片线形，略叉开，子房4室，有时有1-2室不育，每室具胚珠1颗，胚珠略扁，其形状随着生部位不同而各异，通常圆形，长圆形或椭圆形，或其他形，横生，下垂或不下垂。果柄长约2厘米；聚花核果浆果状，卵形，幼时绿色，熟时白色约如初生鸡蛋大，径约2.5厘米，每核果具分核4(-2或3)，分核倒卵形，稍内弯，坚纸质，具二室，上侧室大而空，下侧室狭，具1种子；种子小，扁，长圆形，下部有翅；胚直，胚根下位，子叶长圆形；胚乳丰富，质脆。花果期全年。
产台湾、海南岛及西沙群岛等地。生于海滨平地或疏林下。分布自印度和斯里兰卡，经中南半岛，南至澳大利亚北部，东至波利尼西亚等广大地区及其海岛。
果实可吃，树干通直，树冠幽雅，在东南亚常种于庭园。根、茎可提取橙黄色染料。皮含袖木醒二酚(Soranjidiol)、巴戟醌 (Morindone)，印度尼西亚民间作药用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Morinda citrifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 176. 1753.
海滨木巴戟 hai bin mu ba ji
Morinda bracteata Roxburgh.
Evergreen shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall, often fleshy; branches subquadrangular, glabrous. Leaves opposite or solitary opposite an inflorescence; petiole 5-20 mm, glabrous; blade fleshy, drying papery, elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 10-25 × 5-13 cm, glabrous and shiny on both surfaces, base acute or acuminate, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 5-7 pairs, with pubescent domatia; stipules interpetiolar, free or shortly fused to petioles, broadly triangular to ovate, 4-16 mm, obtuse or rounded. Inflorescence solitary and leaf-opposed; peduncle 1-1.5 cm; head 1, oblong to subglobose, 5-10 mm in diam., many flowered; bracts absent. Flowers with hypanthia partially fused, distylous. Calyx glabrous or puberulent; limb subtruncate to truncate, 0.2-0.5 mm, sometimes in 1 to numerous flowers of a head with 1(-3) calycophylls, these white, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-16 mm, obtuse to acute. Corolla white, funnelform, outside glabrous; tube ca. 15 mm, densely villous in throat; lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm. Drupecetum white, irregularly ovoid to subglobose, 2.5-5 cm. Drupes not distinguishable individually. Fl. and fr. year-round.
Flat land on seashores, sparse forests; below 100 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [?Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Bonin and Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Solomon Islands; introduced in tropical America and Pacific islands].
The distinctive form called Morinda bracteata has well-developed white calycophylls that give the plants a markedly different appearance and may function in pollination, but these two forms have generally been considered conspecific. Nelson and Elevitch (Noni, 42-43. 2006) noted that plants with bracteate inflorescences produce smaller fruit and that the cultivated plants with variegated leaves are called M. citrifolia ‘Potteri.’ Both of these forms are found in Taiwan (e.g., Yang & Chuang 11410, MO, "citifolia" form; Yang & Chuang 12060, MO, "bracteata" form). The fruit of this species are edible (though not particularly palatable) and said to have medicinal and/or tonic value; they are sold by natural food vendors under the name "noni" or "nona." This species is increasingly widely cultivated, as detailed by Nelson and Elevitch (loc. cit.).The distinctive form called Morinda bracteata has well-developed white calycophylls that give the plants a markedly different appearance and may function in pollination, but these two forms have generally been considered conspecific. Nelson and Elevitch (Noni, 42-43. 2006) noted that plants with bracteate inflorescences produce smaller fruit and that the cultivated plants with variegated leaves are called M. citrifolia ‘Potteri.’ Both of these forms are found in Taiwan (e.g., Yang & Chuang 11410, MO, "citifolia" form; Yang & Chuang 12060, MO, "bracteata" form). The fruit of this species are edible (though not particularly palatable) and said to have medicinal and/or tonic value; they are sold by natural food vendors under the name "noni" or "nona." This species is increasingly widely cultivated, as detailed by Nelson and Elevitch (loc. cit.).