方茎耳草Hedyotis tetrangularia (Korth.)
方茎耳草Hedyotis tetrangularia (Korth.)
17. 方茎耳草（广州植物志）图版6: 1-6
Hedyotis tetrangularis (Korth.) Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 769. 1852; Valeton in Bot. Jahrb. 44: 543. 1912, descr. amp.; Merr. et Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 16: 400. 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 222, 图5857. 1975. ——Diplophragma tetrangulare Korth. Nederl. Kuruidk. Arch. 2: 149. 1851.——Hedyotis quadrangularis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 180. 1857. ——H. parryi Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 4, 18: 211. 1862; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 374. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 127. 1912.——Oldenlandia parryi (Hance) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.——O. quadrangularis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.
直立草本，高30-40厘米，除花冠里面被毛外全株无毛；茎方柱形，基部木质，近圆柱形，二至三歧分枝，分枝纤细，直立，有明显的节，上部节间距离比下部节间距离长。叶对生，无柄，纸质，线形至线状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，顶端短尖，基部圆，微下延，边缘常背卷；中脉在上面压入；托叶线形，长5-10毫米，全缘或2-3裂，3裂时两侧的裂片极微小。花序顶生或生于侧枝的顶端，罕有腋生，为二歧至多歧分枝的聚伞花序，有时在第二次分枝上的花常常排成穗状花序式，具线形、长1-1.2毫米的苞片；花4数，近无梗或具长1-2毫米的花梗；萼管陀螺形，长0.8-1毫米，萼檐裂片狭披针形，比萼管稍长；花冠白色，管形，长约4毫米，管长约2毫米，喉部和喉部以上被绒毛，花冠裂片长圆形，广展，与冠管近等长或略短；雄蕊生于冠管喉部，花丝无或极短，花药内藏，线状长圆形，长0.8毫米；花柱长3-3.2毫米，柱头2裂，裂片厚，椭圆形，被毛。蒴果近球形，直径约2毫米，宿存萼裂片长1.2-1.5毫米，成熟时开裂为2个果爿，果爿腹部直裂；种子在每个果爿内有数粒，具棱，干后黑色。花期9-11月。
产于广东和海南；生于低海拔的旷地或草坡上，有时亦见于田埂上，少见。国外分布于印度尼西亚、马来西亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis tetrangularis (Korthals) Walpers Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 769. 1852.
方茎耳草 fang jing er cao
Diplophragma tetrangulare Korthals, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 149. 1851 ["tetrangularis"]; Hedyotis parryi Hance; H. quadrangularis Miquel; Oldenlandia parryi (Hance) Kuntze; O. quadrangularis (Miquel) Kuntze.
Herbs or subshrubs, erect, perennial or perhaps sometimes annual, to 50 cm tall; stems subterete to 4-angled with angles thickened to ridged, glabrous. Leaves sessile; blade drying papery, linear, linear-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 1-3.5 × 0.2-0.55 cm, glabrous, base acute to obtuse and usually decurrent, margins usually revolute, apex acute; secondary veins not visible; stipules shortly fused to petiole bases, triangular to truncate, 1-1.5 mm, glabrous, rounded to acute or usually with leaflike appendage, this narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2-10 mm, entire or shortly 2- or 3-lobed or ‑setose. Inflorescences terminal and sometimes in axils of uppermost leaves, compound-cymose to paniculate, 4-13 cm, glabrous, many flowered, pedunculate; peduncle 1-5.5 cm; axes mostly regularly dichotomous; bracts linear, 1-2.5 mm; pedicels (or ultimate inflorescence axes) 0.5-3 mm. Flowers subsessile or pedicellate, apparently distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate, 0.8-1 mm; limb lobed nearly to base; lobes narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 1-1.5 mm. Corolla white, tubular or tubular-funnelform, outside glabrous, inside tomentose at throat and onto lobes; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes lanceolate-oblong, ca. 2 mm. Anthers included or exserted, 0.8-1 mm. Stigmas 0.8-1 mm, included or exserted. Fruit capsular, subglobose, sometimes slightly didymous, ca. 2 × 2 mm, glabrous, septicidally then loculicidally dehiscent; seeds several, black, angled. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov.
Open fields, grassy slopes, sometimes on ridges of farmlands; low elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi [Borneo, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
Merrill and Metcalf (Lingnan Sci. J. 16(3): 400. 1937) noted that Valeton provided a much-expanded and detailed description of this species (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 543. 1910), and they formally synonymized Hedyotis parryi with H. tetrangularis, though as "tetrangularia."Merrill and Metcalf (Lingnan Sci. J. 16(3): 400. 1937) noted that Valeton provided a much-expanded and detailed description of this species (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 543. 1910), and they formally synonymized Hedyotis parryi with H. tetrangularis, though as "tetrangularia."
科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae
属名：耳草属 Hedyotis
17. 方茎耳草（广州植物志）图版6: 1-6
Hedyotis tetrangularis (Korth.) Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 769. 1852; Valeton in Bot. Jahrb. 44: 543. 1912, descr. amp.; Merr. et Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 16: 400. 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 222, 图5857. 1975. ——Diplophragma tetrangulare Korth. Nederl. Kuruidk. Arch. 2: 149. 1851.——Hedyotis quadrangularis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 180. 1857. ——H. parryi Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 4, 18: 211. 1862; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 374. 1888; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 127. 1912.——Oldenlandia parryi (Hance) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.——O. quadrangularis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 292. 1891.
直立草本，高30-40厘米，除花冠里面被毛外全株无毛；茎方柱形，基部木质，近圆柱形，二至三歧分枝，分枝纤细，直立，有明显的节，上部节间距离比下部节间距离长。叶对生，无柄，纸质，线形至线状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，顶端短尖，基部圆，微下延，边缘常背卷；中脉在上面压入；托叶线形，长5-10毫米，全缘或2-3裂，3裂时两侧的裂片极微小。花序顶生或生于侧枝的顶端，罕有腋生，为二歧至多歧分枝的聚伞花序，有时在第二次分枝上的花常常排成穗状花序式，具线形、长1-1.2毫米的苞片；花4数，近无梗或具长1-2毫米的花梗；萼管陀螺形，长0.8-1毫米，萼檐裂片狭披针形，比萼管稍长；花冠白色，管形，长约4毫米，管长约2毫米，喉部和喉部以上被绒毛，花冠裂片长圆形，广展，与冠管近等长或略短；雄蕊生于冠管喉部，花丝无或极短，花药内藏，线状长圆形，长0.8毫米；花柱长3-3.2毫米，柱头2裂，裂片厚，椭圆形，被毛。蒴果近球形，直径约2毫米，宿存萼裂片长1.2-1.5毫米，成熟时开裂为2个果爿，果爿腹部直裂；种子在每个果爿内有数粒，具棱，干后黑色。花期9-11月。
产于广东和海南；生于低海拔的旷地或草坡上，有时亦见于田埂上，少见。国外分布于印度尼西亚、马来西亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis tetrangularis (Korthals) Walpers Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 769. 1852.
方茎耳草 fang jing er cao
Diplophragma tetrangulare Korthals, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 149. 1851 ["tetrangularis"]; Hedyotis parryi Hance; H. quadrangularis Miquel; Oldenlandia parryi (Hance) Kuntze; O. quadrangularis (Miquel) Kuntze.
Herbs or subshrubs, erect, perennial or perhaps sometimes annual, to 50 cm tall; stems subterete to 4-angled with angles thickened to ridged, glabrous. Leaves sessile; blade drying papery, linear, linear-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 1-3.5 × 0.2-0.55 cm, glabrous, base acute to obtuse and usually decurrent, margins usually revolute, apex acute; secondary veins not visible; stipules shortly fused to petiole bases, triangular to truncate, 1-1.5 mm, glabrous, rounded to acute or usually with leaflike appendage, this narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2-10 mm, entire or shortly 2- or 3-lobed or ‑setose. Inflorescences terminal and sometimes in axils of uppermost leaves, compound-cymose to paniculate, 4-13 cm, glabrous, many flowered, pedunculate; peduncle 1-5.5 cm; axes mostly regularly dichotomous; bracts linear, 1-2.5 mm; pedicels (or ultimate inflorescence axes) 0.5-3 mm. Flowers subsessile or pedicellate, apparently distylous. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate, 0.8-1 mm; limb lobed nearly to base; lobes narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, 1-1.5 mm. Corolla white, tubular or tubular-funnelform, outside glabrous, inside tomentose at throat and onto lobes; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes lanceolate-oblong, ca. 2 mm. Anthers included or exserted, 0.8-1 mm. Stigmas 0.8-1 mm, included or exserted. Fruit capsular, subglobose, sometimes slightly didymous, ca. 2 × 2 mm, glabrous, septicidally then loculicidally dehiscent; seeds several, black, angled. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov.
Open fields, grassy slopes, sometimes on ridges of farmlands; low elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi [Borneo, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
Merrill and Metcalf (Lingnan Sci. J. 16(3): 400. 1937) noted that Valeton provided a much-expanded and detailed description of this species (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 543. 1910), and they formally synonymized Hedyotis parryi with H. tetrangularis, though as "tetrangularia."Merrill and Metcalf (Lingnan Sci. J. 16(3): 400. 1937) noted that Valeton provided a much-expanded and detailed description of this species (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 543. 1910), and they formally synonymized Hedyotis parryi with H. tetrangularis, though as "tetrangularia."